Introduction

Just Words ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Mary Kate McGowan
Keyword(s):  
Social Context ◽  
Simple Function ◽  
Ordinary People ◽  
The Social ◽  
Do So

An employee brags about his sexual conquest to a co-worker while they are on break in the employee lounge. This offhand remark oppresses. Moreover, it does so even when the speaker does not intend to do so and even when the speaker is utterly unaware of doing so. What words do is not a simple function of either speaker intention or speaker awareness. This remark can oppress even in cases where the speaker has no special authority. Ordinary people under ordinary circumstances can unwittingly oppress others with their everyday comments. The power to verbally oppress comes from the social context; it need not reside in the speaker....

Current Child Care Policy in its Social Context

1983 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 16-17
Author(s):  
Lois Bryson
Keyword(s):  
Child Care ◽  
Social Context ◽  
Social Structure ◽  
Child Care Policy ◽  
Care Policy ◽  
Rates Of Change ◽  
The Social ◽  
Do So

Child care policy must always relate to the wider social context, indeed it will inevitably do so as we are all affected by broader changes in the social structure and changes in ideology. Nonetheless, rates of change in various areas are not always synchronous. Today, I want to look at some broader changes in society and point to some of their implications for child care policy.

The role of social context in the interpretation of sexist humor

2013 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jared Alan Gray ◽  
Thomas E. Ford
Keyword(s):  
Social Context ◽  
Local Norm ◽  
The Social ◽  
Sexist Humor ◽  
Critical Humor ◽  
Professional Workplace ◽  
Workplace Setting ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Do So

AbstractAn experiment supported our hypotheses about the relationship between the social context in which sexist humor is delivered and the adoption of a non-critical humor mindset to interpret it. First, a professional workplace setting implied a local norm that is more prohibitive of sexist jokes than the general societal norm, whereas a comedy club implied a local norm of greater approval of sexist jokes. Second, offensiveness ratings revealed that participants were less likely to adopt a non-critical humor mindset to interpret sexist jokes delivered in a professional workplace setting and more likely to do so in a comedy club setting, compared to a setting governed by only the general societal norm. Finally, meditational analyses revealed that participants used the local norm of acceptability of sexist jokes to determine whether they could interpret the jokes in a non-critical humor mindset.

Cognition On Tap

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 89-104
Author(s):  
James Steinhoff
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Social Context ◽  
Social Factors ◽  
Social Consequences ◽  
Popular Media ◽  
The Social ◽  
Technical Details ◽  
Algorithmic Bias ◽  
Development And Evolution ◽  
Do So

Abstract The thriving contemporary form of artificial intelligence (AI) called machine learning is often represented sensationally in popular media as a semi-mystical technology. Machine learning systems are frequently ascribed anthropomorphic capacities for learning, emoting and reasoning which, it is suggested, might lead to the alleviation of humanity’s woes. One critical reaction to such sensational proclamations has been to focus on the mundane reality of contemporary machine learning as mere inductive prediction based on statistical generalizations, albeit with surprisingly powerful abilities (Pasquinelli 2017). While the deflationist reaction is a necessary reply to sensationalist agitation, adequate comprehension of modern AI cannot be achieved while neglecting its material and social context. One does not have to subscribe wholeheartedly to the social construction of technology thesis1 to allow that the development and evolution of technologies are influenced by social factors. For AI, the most important aspect of the current social context is arguably capital, which increasingly dominates AI research and production. One former computer science professor describes a “giant sucking sound of [AI] academics going into industry” (Metz 2017). This paper introduces capital’s theory of AI as utility and initiates a discussion on its social consequences. First, I discuss utilities and their infrastructures and introduce a few critical thoughts on the topic. Second, I situate modern AI by way of a brief history. Third, I detail capital’s view of AI as a utility and the technical details underpinning it. Fourth, I sketch how AI as a utility frames a social problematic beyond the important issues of algorithmic bias and the automation of work. I do so by extrapolating from one consequence of AI as a utility which multiple capitalist firms predict: the curation of human subjectivities.

Waiting for the Right One: The Role of Social Proximity and Location in the Decision to Use Cannabis for the First Time

2018 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 625-644 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Bouchard ◽  
Krysta L. Dawson ◽  
Morena Anamali
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Social Context ◽  
Social Contact ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
The Social ◽  
Canadian City ◽  
The Right ◽  
First Time ◽  
Do So

The study examines the social context of a cannabis offer, an outcome rarely examined in research on substance use. Drawing from a survey conducted among 15-year-old students in a mid-sized Canadian city, we examine (a) the differences between three types of users (immediate, late, and nonusers) and (b) the factors associated with accepting a cannabis offer more quickly. The findings show that 40% of the sample received an offer, that 25% of those who accept an offer do so on the first occasion, and that among the others, it takes up to seven offers before accepting. The social context of the offer distinguishes between the types of users, and offers are accepted more quickly when adolescents are first offered by a close social contact, and when the offer occurs in familiar settings. The study also identifies a type of nonuser, those who are exposed to drugs but decide not to participate.

Why Economic, Health, Legal, and Immigration Policy Should Consider Dehumanization

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 144-150
Author(s):  
Lasana T. Harris
Keyword(s):  
Social Psychology ◽  
Social Context ◽  
Labor Markets ◽  
Immigration Policy ◽  
Social Contexts ◽  
The Other ◽  
Ordinary People ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
The Social ◽  
Initial Research

People spontaneously think about the minds of other people, aiding social interaction. Such cognitions recognize the other person as a full human being, deserving empathy and protection. Social psychology and neuroscience evidence also demonstrate the opposite— dehumanized perception—a failure to spontaneously think about the minds of others. Although initial research focused on extreme out-groups (e.g., the homeless) as targets of dehumanized perception, more recent research documents dehumanized perception toward ordinary people in everyday contexts. Therefore, dehumanized perception is not reserved only for extreme out-groups, or committed by sociopaths; any person can be dehumanized, and some social contexts enable any person to dehumanize others. For instance, people dehumanize others in economic contexts where people are traded as commodities (such as labor markets), when expecting to interact with someone suffering, and when thinking about an out-group previously oppressed by the in-group. Because policy makers shape the social context, they can promote dehumanized perception or not.

scholarly journals EMPREENDEDORISMO SOCIAL E COOPERATIVISMO –UMA ANÁLISE DA ATUAÇÃO DA COOPERLIX NO MUNICÍPIO DE PRESIDENTE PRUDENTE-SP

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 25-29
Author(s):  
Jonathan Lucas Antonio ◽  
Heloisa do Nascimento Eustachio Bezerro ◽  
Edilene Mayumi Murashita Takenaka
Keyword(s):  
Social Context ◽  
Social Entrepreneurship ◽  
Social Problems ◽  
Academic Research ◽  
The State ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The Social ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The City ◽  
Do So

Social entrepreneurship is the creation of a business aimed at solving social problems and making society more inclusive, without neglecting to seek the economic side. The process of segregation of recyclable material has a great potential of expansion in the city of Presidente Prudente, in the State of São Paulo. Thus, in this study, the proposal was to define social entrepreneurship and relate the formation and performance of a cooperative of workers in recyclable material, Cooperlix, located in the mentioned municipality. In order to do so, this study was constructed in the collection of data found in existing literature with the accomplishment of bibliographical research through books, magazines and academic research available in the collection of the Unoeste and FCT / Unesp library and in specific sites on the subject.It is concluded that social entrepreneurship and cooperativism are related due to their essences and similar effects, and both have as their starting point the social context and the formation of Cooperlix reiterates these facts.

The Last Invariant Theorists A sociological study of the collećtive biographies of mathematical specialiśts

1967 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 216-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles S. Fisher
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Mechanics ◽  
Social Context ◽  
Sociology Of Knowledge ◽  
Sociological Study ◽  
Intellectual Content ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Scientific Ideas ◽  
Do So

When scientists account for changes in a theory or the theory's position within the world of the science, they usually do so in terms of the intellectual content of the theory. For example, the rise of quantum mechanics is attributed to the fact that quantum mechanics was able to solve problems which the preceding theories could not handle. This represents one way of describing occurrences within science and is a major component of the attitudes which scientists possess about their world. Another manner of viewing the changes which take place in science is that of the sociology of knowledge. From this perspective science is viewed as an activity carried on by the men who create the scientific ideas. The history of science is analyzed in terms of the-scientist-who-does-something-within-aparticular-social-context; that is the ideas are viewed as inseparable from the men who put them forward and the social environment in which they occur (1).

The Social Context of an Epidemic

1987 ◽  
Vol 32 (12) ◽  
pp. 1004-1007
Author(s):  
Gregory M. Herek
Keyword(s):  
Social Context ◽  
The Social
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