Introduction

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
Christian Kreuder-Sonnen
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Analytical Model ◽  
Research Design ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Operational Definition ◽  
Political Authority ◽  
Nation State ◽  
International Political Theory ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Design And Methods

The first chapter introduces the emergency problematique for the context of international organizations (IOs). While long tied to the nation-state, the internationalization of political authority in the last decades has now also rendered IOs potential and actual holders of emergency powers. In conversation with the relevant strands of research in international relations, international law, and (international) political theory, the chapter lays out the book’s main conceptual contribution, which consists in an operational definition of IO exceptionalism that is amenable to comparative analysis. Furthermore, it presents the contours of the theoretical framework to analyze the institutional consequences of IO exceptionalism and foreshadows the argument of the analytical model. The chapter concludes with a reflection on research design and methods.

scholarly journals Redefining Case Study

2007 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 80-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rob VanWynsberghe ◽  
Samia Khan
Keyword(s):  
Graduate Students ◽  
Research Design ◽  
Case Study Research ◽  
Unit Of Analysis ◽  
Study Research ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Design And Methods ◽  
Methods Instructors

In this paper the authors propose a more precise and encompassing definition of case study than is usually found. They support their definition by clarifying that case study is neither a method nor a methodology nor a research design as suggested by others. They use a case study prototype of their own design to propose common properties of case study and demonstrate how these properties support their definition. Next, they present several living myths about case study and refute them in relation to their definition. Finally, they discuss the interplay between the terms case study and unit of analysis to further delineate their definition of case study. The target audiences for this paper include case study researchers, research design and methods instructors, and graduate students interested in case study research.

NORM FORMATION, SOCIAL CONFORMITY, AND THE CONFEDERATING FUNCTION OF HUMOR

1985 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert M. Khoury
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Analytical Model ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
Quantitative Measure ◽  
Operational Definition ◽  
Social Conformity ◽  
Clear Cut ◽  
Basic Finding ◽  
Definition Of

The following analysis was carried out in two parts. First, a quantitative measure was developed of the strength of the tendency toward conformity within social groups exposed to ambiguous situations. And second, two experiments were conducted in an attempt to reproduce empirically the confederating function of humor hypothesized in groups facing such situations. Exactly what is the effect of the opinions of others in the joking situation on our own? The results of these experiments are clear-cut. The effects upon individuals of majority opinions of humor have been investigated By means of a simple experimental design and analytical model we have produced and observed the ways in which norm formation and social conformity are engendered in the joke setting. Despite the “cautious” operational definition of the convergence concept, the basic finding of convergence nevertheless seems fairly absolute and pertinent to the individual's day-today social relations.

scholarly journals How to Grasp the Key Democratic Transformations

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-22
Author(s):  
Leonardo Morlino
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Civil Rights ◽  
Empirical Analysis ◽  
Research Design ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Political Rights ◽  
Economic Equality ◽  
Social Equality ◽  
Personal Dignity ◽  
The Empirical Analysis

This chapter provides the theoretical framework for the following comparative analysis. For the two democratic values, equality and freedom, the author proposes the justification, definition, specific subdimensions, and the main empirical questions to be addressed in the subsequent chapters. This also allows giving the necessary references to the literature on the two topics and has helped to provide the theoretical framework and develop the empirical analysis. To translate the two notions into empirically detectable concepts, equality and freedom were broken out into more dimensions. For equality, they are economic equality, social equality, ethnic equality. For freedom, they are personal dignity, civil rights, and political rights. The research design and the background approach are also briefly sketched.

Conceptualizing transparency: Propositions for the integration of situational factors and stakeholders’ perspectives

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 233-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tae Ho Lee ◽  
Lois A. Boynton
Keyword(s):  
Social Norms ◽  
Intrinsic Value ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Operational Definition ◽  
Situational Factors ◽  
Communication Research ◽  
Research Framework ◽  
Subjective Value ◽  
Definition Of

In communication research on transparency, information has been predominantly regarded as an objective and ascertainable construct – for example, evaluated by its amount – resulting in the neglect of highly subjective and intersubjective considerations of situational factors such as crises, organization types, and larger external environments that include laws, regulations, and social norms, in addition to stakeholders’ perspectives. In reviewing the relevant literature, we first find that transparency has developed from an instrumental to an intrinsic value, and then locate the current inquiry into transparency in an area of overlap between the two approaches – implicating objective certainty and subjective value, respectively. Based on this review, we present the significance of integrating the two additional parameters of situational factors and stakeholders’ perspectives by focusing more on normative, rather than instrumental, perspectives. For the purpose of creating a comprehensive theoretical framework of transparency, we propose an operational definition of transparency as a process, as well as a research framework.

Understanding functional illiteracy from a policy, adult education, and cognition point of view: Towards a joint referent framework

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-122
Author(s):  
Aleksandar Bulajić ◽  
Miomir Despotović ◽  
Thomas Lachmann
Keyword(s):  
Adult Education ◽  
Operational Definition ◽  
Literacy Skills ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Industrialized Countries ◽  
Functional Illiteracy ◽  
Scale Levels ◽  
Components Of Reading ◽  
The One ◽  
Definition Of

Abstract. The article discusses the emergence of a functional literacy construct and the rediscovery of illiteracy in industrialized countries during the second half of the 20th century. It offers a short explanation of how the construct evolved over time. In addition, it explores how functional (il)literacy is conceived differently by research discourses of cognitive and neural studies, on the one hand, and by prescriptive and normative international policy documents and adult education, on the other hand. Furthermore, it analyses how literacy skills surveys such as the Level One Study (leo.) or the PIAAC may help to bridge the gap between cognitive and more practical and educational approaches to literacy, the goal being to place the functional illiteracy (FI) construct within its existing scale levels. It also sheds more light on the way in which FI can be perceived in terms of different cognitive processes and underlying components of reading. By building on the previous work of other authors and previous definitions, the article brings together different views of FI and offers a perspective for a needed operational definition of the concept, which would be an appropriate reference point for future educational, political, and scientific utilization.

“The Unconscious” in Current Psychology

2010 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 193-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisabeth Norman
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Psychology ◽  
Verbal Report ◽  
Psychological Research ◽  
Operational Definition ◽  
The Unconscious ◽  
Apparent Lack ◽  
Unconscious Processing ◽  
Unconscious Processes ◽  
Intermediate States ◽  
Definition Of

A series of vignette examples taken from psychological research on motivation, emotion, decision making, and attitudes illustrates how the influence of unconscious processes is often measured in a range of different behaviors. However, the selected studies share an apparent lack of explicit operational definition of what is meant by consciousness, and there seems to be substantial disagreement about the properties of conscious versus unconscious processing: Consciousness is sometimes equated with attention, sometimes with verbal report ability, and sometimes operationalized in terms of behavioral dissociations between different performance measures. Moreover, the examples all seem to share a dichotomous view of conscious and unconscious processes as being qualitatively different. It is suggested that cognitive research on consciousness can help resolve the apparent disagreement about how to define and measure unconscious processing, as is illustrated by a selection of operational definitions and empirical findings from modern cognitive psychology. These empirical findings also point to the existence of intermediate states of conscious awareness, not easily classifiable as either purely conscious or purely unconscious. Recent hypotheses from cognitive psychology, supplemented with models from social, developmental, and clinical psychology, are then presented all of which are compatible with the view of consciousness as a graded rather than an all-or-none phenomenon. Such a view of consciousness would open up for explorations of intermediate states of awareness in addition to more purely conscious or purely unconscious states and thereby increase our understanding of the seemingly “unconscious” aspects of mental life.

Feminist Interpretations of Action and the Public in Hannah Arendt’s Theory

2020 ◽  
Vol 65 (Special Issue) ◽  
pp. 87-103
Author(s):  
Noémi Bíró
Keyword(s):  
Human Activity ◽  
Political Thought ◽  
Hannah Arendt ◽  
Political Action ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Public Realm ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Feminism ◽  
Definition Of

"Feminist Interpretations of Action and the Public in Hannah Arendt’s Theory. Arendt’s typology of human activity and her arguments on the precondition of politics allow for a variety in interpretations for contemporary political thought. The feminist reception of Arendt’s work ranges from critical to conciliatory readings that attempt to find the points in which Arendt’s theory might inspire a feminist political project. In this paper I explore the ways in which feminist thought has responded to Arendt’s definition of action, freedom and politics, and whether her theoretical framework can be useful in a feminist rethinking of politics, power and the public realm. Keywords: Hannah Arendt, political action, the Public, the Social, feminism "

Engagement as a Reflection of Communicative Potential

Communicology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-33
Author(s):  
N.V. Kirillina
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Interdisciplinary Research ◽  
Strategic Communication ◽  
Phenomenological Tradition ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Potential ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Communicative Processes

The paper represents the analysis of the concept of communicative. The choice of topic is determined by the search for criteria and tools for assessing the results of strategic communication, taking into account the development of its interactive forms. The author leads the existing approaches to the definition of the concept of engagement and identifies the areas for further interdisciplinary research of the specified subject, and raises the issue of the appropriateness of using the engagement indicators in the assessment the social potential of communication. The work is based on the phenomenological tradition in the interpretation of communicative processes and the metamodel of communication of R. Craig. The author uses the methods of comparative analysis, analogy, generalization, and combined methodology of interdisciplinary analysis.

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