Capacities

2019 ◽  
pp. 53-90
Author(s):  
Casey O'Callaghan
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Psychological Explanation ◽  
Multisensory Perception ◽  
The World ◽  
Theoretical Considerations

This chapter argues that typical human subjects possess distinctive multisensory perceptual capacities. Empirical evidence and theoretical considerations support the claim that perceivers are differentially sensitive to novel intermodal features, such as identity, simultaneity, motion, causality, and flavor, that could not be perceived using one sense at a time nor using several senses working merely in parallel. In light of their role in grounding cognition and guiding action, such capacities belong to perception, rather than extraperceptual cognition, for the purposes of empirical and rational psychological explanation. Therefore, multisensory perceptual capacities can serve in psychological explanations that deal with subjects and their capacities, in contrast with just subpersonal processes and mechanisms. Multisensory perception targets new features in the world. The joint use of multiple senses thus extends human perceptual capacities.

Humans, common household pets and farm animals can theoretically mutually infect each other with SARS-CoV-2 and develop the COVID-19 pathology

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alfredo Metere
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
The World

The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic is spreading fast throughout the world, and often the new cases are reported as community spread, which means that it is not possible to identify a specific cause for contagion. Household pets and farm animals live closely to humans and even if currently there is no empirical evidence of animal to human transmission, it has not been reported yet if transmission is in principle possible. This work addresses such hypothesis, confirming that transmission is theoretically possible, and highly likely to occur between humans and mammals. Less likely or not likely at all between humans and birds. Further research is needed to validate the birds to humans transmission. -- THIS ARTICLE IS CURRENTLY BEING EXPANDED AND REVISED --

Financial Literacy among Rural Women in Darbhanga District:An Empirical Evidence.

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Prof. F.B. SINGH ◽  
POOJA JHA
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Rural Women ◽  
Financial Literacy ◽  
Rural Population ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Financial Decisions ◽  
The World ◽  
Current Scenario

Financial Literacy is defined as the possession of knowledge and understanding of elementary financial concepts which results in developing the ability to make conversant, poised and effective financial decisions. In current scenario, the concern to increase the level of financial literacy among common masses has been witnessed by many countries of the world through various Financial Literacy center, programme and initiatives but all these programmes and policies are crafted and implemented taking into consideration the male as ultimate receiver and so women who constitute half of the rural population are lagging behind in terms of a making informed financial decisions and financial wellbeing. Hence Strategies should be formulated taking into consideration the women as the main spectators. This paper is an attempt to analyze the current status of the financial literacy among the rural women of the Darbhanga district.

Bilateral Treaties and The Most-Favored-Nation Clause: The Myth of Trade Liberalization in the Nineteenth Century

2008 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olivier Accominotti ◽  
Marc Flandreau
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
Trade Liberalization ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Trade Agreement ◽  
Trade Agreements ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Most Favored Nation ◽  
The World ◽  
Most Favored Nation Clause ◽  
Bilateral Treaties

Textbook accounts of the Anglo-French trade agreement of 1860 argue that it heralded the beginning of a liberal trading order. This alleged success holds much interest from a modern policy point of view, for it rested on bilateral negotiations and most-favored-nation clauses. With the help of new data on international trade (the RICardo database), the authors provide empirical evidence and find that the treaty and subsequent network of MFN trade agreements coincided with the end of a period of unilateral liberalization across the world. They also find that it did not contribute to expanding trade at all. This is contrary to a deeply rooted belief among economists, economic historians, and political scientists. The authors draw a number of policy lessons that run counter to the conventional wisdom and raise skepticism toward the ability of bilateralism and MFN arrangements to promote trade liberalization.

Do Development and Democracy Positively Affect Gender Equality in Cabinets?

2015 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 332-356 ◽  
Author(s):  
JOHN HÖGSTRÖM
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Gender Equality ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Comparative Studies ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Political Regimes ◽  
The World ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Positive Effect

AbstractIt has been argued that economic development and democracy create new opportunities and resources for women to access political power, which should increase gender equality in politics. However, empirical evidence from previous research that supports this argument is mixed. The contribution of this study is to expand the research on gender equality in politics through an in-depth examination of the effect of development and democracy on gender equality in cabinets. This has been completed through separate analyses that include most of the countries in the world across three levels of development (least-developed, developing, and developed) and across different types of political regimes (democracies, royal dictatorships, military dictatorships, and civilian dictatorships). The results demonstrate that economic development and democracy only affect gender equality in cabinets positively in a few environments. Accordingly, the context is important and there seem to be thresholds before development and democracy have any effect. Development has a positive effect in developed countries and in democracies, but it has a negative effect in dictatorships, and the negative effect is strongest in military dictatorships. The level of democracy has a positive effect mainly in dictatorships, and the strongest effect is in civilian dictatorships. The article demonstrates the importance of dividing samples into subsets to increase understanding of what affects women's representation in cabinets in different environments, and I ask scholars to subset samples and run separate analyses more often in comparative studies.

Physician Burnout and the Electronic Health Record Leading up to and During The First Year of COVID-19: A Systematic Review (Preprint)

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clemens Scott Kruse ◽  
Michael Mileski ◽  
Gevin Dray ◽  
Zakia Johnson ◽  
Cameron Shaw ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
First Year ◽  
Physician Burnout ◽  
Life Balance ◽  
Loss Of Autonomy ◽  
Lack Of Control ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
The Hours ◽  
Design Experiments

BACKGROUND Physician burnout was first identified in 1974, and it has been particularly prevalent during the first year of the pandemic. OBJECTIVE To objectively analyze the literature over the last five years for empirical evidence of burnout incident to the EHR and to identify barriers, facilitators, associated patient satisfaction to using the EHR to improve symptoms of burnout. METHODS No human subjects were used in this review, however 100% of participants in studies analyzed were adult physicians. Four research databases and one targeted journal were queried for studies commensurate with the objective statement from January 1, 2016 through January 31st 2021 (n=25). RESULTS The hours spent in documentation and workflow are responsible for the sense of loss of autonomy, lack of work-life balance, lack of control of one’s schedule, cognitive fatigue, a general loss of autonomy and poor relationships with colleagues. Researchers have identified training, local customization of templates and workflow, and the use of scribes to alleviate the administrative burden of the EHR and decreased symptoms of burnout. CONCLUSIONS The solutions provided in the literature only addressed two of the three factors, workflow and documentation time, but not the third, usability. Practitioners and administrators should focus on the former two factors because they are within their sphere of control. EHR vendors should focus on empirical evidence to identify usability features with the greatest impact to improve. Researchers should design experiments to explore solutions that address all three factors of the EHR that contribute to burnout. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT RR2-10.2196/15490

The Aftermath of Suicide: A Review of Empirical Evidence

1990 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan van der Wal
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Prolonged Grief ◽  
Unnatural Death ◽  
Survivors Of Suicide ◽  
Self Image ◽  
Grief Process ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Theoretical Considerations

The empirical studies on mourning after suicide were evaluated systematically with the aid of a descriptive model of grief. The starting point in the formulation of this model is the assumption that the bereaved are active in their processing of the loss. The current stages and component theories are rejected on the grounds of empirical contra-evidence and theoretical considerations. Instead, a framework of tasks of bereavement is presented in which the essential tasks confronting survivors in their adaption to the loss are formulated: detachment of the deceased, preserving a satisfactory self-image, and keeping in contact with people who can be of support during the grief process. An examination is made of what is known about the situation of survivors of suicide in this respect. Grief after suicide appears to differ on a number of qualitative aspects from grief after other causes of death. These differences probably do not, however, lead to an atypical mourning process. Generally speaking, the grief process seems to show the same course and main features as those occurring after other types of death, especially after sudden unnatural death. It can be concluded from the literature reviewed that there is no empirical evidence to support the popular notion that survivors of suicide show more pathological reactions, a more complicated and prolonged grief process, than other survivor groups.

scholarly journals Educative Values of Peace Mind Mysticism of Sunan Bonang In the view of Islam

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 134-150
Author(s):  
Fatchullah Zarkasi
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Islamic Education ◽  
Concrete Object ◽  
Surrounding Environment ◽  
The World ◽  
Education Process

The majority of Javanese which many called "abangan" has its own perspective on the major religions in the world. For Niels Mulder in his book, the Javanese tend to view Islam as a religion is Arab, so that Islam seemed to fizzle placed as the basis of life for the Javanese belief. However, virtually no Muslims in Indonesia who have never heard the name Wali Songo, collective unit 9 guardian. Sunan Kalijaga better known than all eight other guardians with various famous work. Puppet world is said to be the work of these guardians, as sekaten, which has been called, is a tradition of the Prophet's birth day celebration that is celebrated officially the Kingdom of Yogyakarta and Surakarta, until today. Sidi Gazalbarevealed that: "Value is something that is abstract. Value is not a concrete object, not a fact, not just a question of right and wrong that demands empirical evidence, but rather a matter of appreciation that is desired, liked and disliked.While Educative education comes from the word that means pendidikan.Sedangkan education question in this case is the Islamic education. So according to Prof. Dr. Omar M. Taomy al Pendidikaan Syaibany in his philosophy of Islam, it can be concluded that: "Islamic Education is an attempt to change the behavior of individuals in the life of their community and also in the surrounding environment through the education process. The changes are based on the values of Islam.”

scholarly journals Cross-cultural data shows musical scales evolved to maximise imperfect fifths

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Mcbride ◽  
Tsvi Tlusty
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Empirical Data ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Harmonic Series ◽  
Selection Pressures ◽  
Empirical Distributions ◽  
Efficient Communication ◽  
The World ◽  
Cultural Data ◽  
Musical Scales

Musical scales are used throughout the world, but the question of how they evolved remains open. Some suggest that scales based on the harmonic series are inherently pleasant, while others propose that scales are chosen that are easy to communicate.However, testing these theories has been hindered by the sparseness of empirical evidence. Here, we assimilate data from diverse ethnomusicological sources into a cross-cultural database of scales. We generate populations of scales based on multiple theories and assess their similarity to empirical distributions from the database. Most scales tend to include intervals which are close in size to perfect fifths (“imperfect fifths”), and packing arguments explain the salient features of the distributions. Scales are also preferred if their intervals are compressible, which may facilitate efficient communication and memory of melodies. While scales appear to evolve according to various selection pressures, the simplest, imperfect-fifths packing model best fits the empirical data.

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