URGENSI AUTOPSI FORENSIK DAN IMPLIKASINYA DALAM TINDAK PIDANA PEMBUNUHAN

The court does not always demand or require visum et repertum when examining homicide cases. Forensic autopsy may not be required at all by the criminal court when deciding that the accused is guilty of homicide as charged. The verdict may be reached based on other evidence. The author, using a juridical normative approach, concludes that the absence or presence of a visum et repertum does influence the judge’ consideration and matters to the final verdict. Considering that, regardless of the surviving family’s consent, in cases of unnatural death, forensic autopsy and the making of a visum et repertum should be mandatory.

Assessment of Student’s Knowledge, Attitude and Perceptions about Autopsy

Background: The clinical autopsy is a common term used to help in the identification of person’s clinical conditions and causes of deaths, however, the autopsy plays a vital role in the justice and jurisprudence. Objective: To determine the knowledge, beliefs and understanding of medical students regarding the autopsy Study Design: Descriptive, cross-sectional study Place and Duration of Study: Peoples University of Medical & Health Sciences for Women (PUMHSW) Nawabshah (SBA) Sindh Pakistan from 1st March 2021 to 31st August 2021. Methodology: Four hundred and twenty eight female students of 3rd year and 4th year were enrolled. The students were recruited based on random sampling method. Results: There were 221 students between 23 to 24 years followed by 207 students between 20 to 22 years. One hundred and sixty five were attended 3 autopsies. Autopsy is necessary for all unnatural death and the responses were 327 yes and 101 were no. Education of autopsy is mandatory for the career and the responses were 146 yes and 282 were no understanding, videos are helpful for autopsies and the responses were 178 yes and 250 were no. Conclusion: The autopsies and experiences regarding the autopsies was integral part of medical curriculum. The studies of autopsies are helpful to understand the human anatomy and reasons of deaths. The students’ perceptions supported the medical autopsies as important part of curriculum and teaching particular anatomy of human subjects. Key words: Knowledge, Attitude, Perceptions, Autopsy

A prospective study of medicolegal autopsies to establish profile of burn deaths

Burns injuries have been a one of the major cause of concern since prehistoric time to the present era of modern medicine. Burn is considered to be the commonest cause of unnatural death in India.Burns are injuries produced by application of dry heat such as flame, radiant heat or some heated solid substance like metal or glass to the body. Dry heat, application of hot bodies, licking by flames resulting in simple burns causes local injury to the body. Moist heat leading to scalds, corrosive poisons resulting in corrosive burns. Electric spark, discharges, flashes and lightning leads to electric burns.Present study aim to know the magnitude of burn deaths in the region of southern marathwada region. Two years prospective study was conducted at Government Medical College Latur. Study of medico legal autopsies to establish the profile of burn deaths was carried out. In the present study, it is found that burns are commonly found in female (72.04%) than in females. Housewives (43.52%) were common victims followed by works (9.80%). Most of the incidences took place in morning hours (45.53%). Most common place of incidence was house (83%). Kerosene (57.63%) was the most common accelerant used to cause burn. If percentage of burn increases, the survival period decreases and vice versa. Most common alleged manner of death was accident (53, 6%).

Postmortem memory of public figures in news and social media

Deceased public figures are often said to live on in collective memory. We quantify this phenomenon by tracking mentions of 2,362 public figures in English-language online news and social media (Twitter) 1 y before and after death. We measure the sharp spike and rapid decay of attention following death and model collective memory as a composition of communicative and cultural memory. Clustering reveals four patterns of postmortem memory, and regression analysis shows that boosts in media attention are largest for premortem popular anglophones who died a young, unnatural death; that long-term boosts are smallest for leaders and largest for artists; and that, while both the news and Twitter are triggered by young and unnatural deaths, the news additionally curates collective memory when old persons or leaders die. Overall, we illuminate the age-old question of who is remembered by society, and the distinct roles of news and social media in collective memory formation.

Patterns of death among migrant domestic workers in Jordan: retrospective analysis of 63 cases in a tertiary hospital

Background This article examines the patterns of death in migrant domestic workers (MDWs) in Jordan. Abuse and difficult circumstances may lead to attempts to escape, neglect, or suicide, but the current literature on death in this population is limited. We systematically explored all medico-legal cases of MDW deaths referred between 2006 and 2016 to the forensic department of one of the main tertiary medical centers in Jordan. Results Sixty-three recorded cases of MDWs death were found. Forty-seven (74.6%) died due to unnatural causes, 15 (23.8%) died naturally, and 1 (1.6%) was undetermined. The rate of suspected suicide comprised 58.3% of unnatural deaths. The most common methods of suicide were hanging and falling from a height. Conclusions This study shows high rates of unnatural death among MDWs in Jordan, many of which with suspicious circumstances. It also indicates that natural deaths are largely attributed to preventable causes. Future studies should include other referral sites (hospitals and forensics departments), to better address the complexity and magnitude of this population’s death circumstances, gain a comprehensive understanding of their issues, and work toward finding a solution. We recommend that special attention is given to MDWs in Jordan and the region to protect their rights on all levels.

Profile of unnatural mortality at tertiary hospital

Introduction: Unnatural deaths are deaths that can be prevented, the frequency of which reflects the quality of public health services. Unnatural deaths occur due to external causes such as suicide, homicide, and accidents. This study aims to analyze the profile of cases of unnatural death at Dr. Soetomo General Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia.

New Death Investigation System in Japan

Since after World War II, the death investigation system in Japan has been a dual system; with or without medical examiners. In areas without medical examiners, death investigation focused on unnatural death suspiciously involved with crime and depended on external postmortem examination for noncriminal cases. As a result, the forensic autopsy rate has been low, and several cases of missed homicide have been discovered. The social impact of the missed homicide of a young sumo player has encouraged the reformation of the death investigation system in Japan. “The Act on the Investigating of Cause of Death and on Identification of Bodies Handled by the Police” and the “Basic Act on Promotion of Death Investigation” were launched in 2013 and 2020, respectively. For noncriminal cases, a new type of autopsy becomes available without the consent of the bereaved family. Moreover, the concept and purpose of death investigation are not only to detect crime involvement, but also to extend respect for life and maintain personal dignity. The responsibility of the central government on death investigation service is stressed, including the establishment of a headquarters in the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare. This review aims to understand the background and major changes of the reform of the death investigation system in Japan and discuss the issues affecting forensic pathologists.

Traumatic brain injury in children in Moscow

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is the main cause of unnatural death and disability in the child population, ranking first among all injuries requiring hospitalization. The lack of full and detailed medical and social statistics on the prevalence of TBI and its consequences impedes their reasonable assessment and reduces the possibility of prevention. The aim is to study and assess the current epidemiological situation of TBI in children in Moscow. Materials and methods. Comparative study of main trends in the incidence and mortality of TBI in children in Moscow in 2003–2018 with the average Russian indicators based on state statistical data. Results and conclusions. Megacities are a high risk area for TBI in children, therefore policies require additional prevention strategies. Limitations in the existing forms for state statistics impede an objective assessment and establishment of true levels of morbidity and mortality in children from TBI, as well as identification of its causes. Increased hospitalization rate of children with TBI in Moscow at high morbidity levels contributes to low mortality and lethality rates in children from this type of injury.

Overview of the Cause of Death of the Forensic Section of DR M.Djamil Hospital, Padang in 2019

Backgrounds: Death eventually occurs in all living things. Statistical data of deaths are needed to determine policies, priorities, and development of health programs in order to improve health service provisions.Objectives: This research implemented a retrospective descriptive design. Samples were selected using total sampling technique. Samples were taken from data recorded in the death registration form in RSUP M. Djamil Padang from January to December 2019. Data analysis was carried out univariately.Results: Characteristic of corps in the Forensic Unit of RSUP DR M.Djamil Padang in 2019 was found that more deaths occurred in men (53.9%) and elderly age (> 45 years) groups. The most common causes of death based on the ICD-10 classification were symptoms, signs, and other abnormalities (31.9%), disease of the respiratory system (14%) and the circulatory system (16%). On 125 of 212 corpes with unnatural death (59%), external examinations were performed.Conclusion: The number of death is higher in male and elderly age with the most common cause of death group is symptoms, signs, and other abnormalities.