Digital Exclusion

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Susskind
Keyword(s):  
Computer Literacy ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Court System ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Face ◽  
Important Challenge ◽  
Common Objection ◽  
Digital Exclusion ◽  
Do So

A common objection to online courts is that their use will demand access to the internet and a level of computer literacy that many citizens do not have. The concern here is that if the only route to the court system and so to justice is via technology, then this will effectively exclude all those who do not use technology or cannot do so proficiently. Online courts, it is feared, will be a new obstacle to justice. On the face of it, this is a robust and important challenge. I argue in this chapter, however, that it is often overstated. If we unpack and analyse the various apprehensions here, it transpires that there is more noise than signal in this objection. However, there is clearly a case to answer and in offering my response to the question of digital exclusion, this leads me to raise some broader questions of exclusion which have largely been overlooked in the past.

scholarly journals SECOND-HAND AND ANTIQUARIAN BOOKS ON THE INTERNET

2001 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Holzenberg
Keyword(s):  
The Internet ◽  
Professional Lives ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Face ◽  
Online Book

This article is a distillation of thousands of conversations held over the past six years or so with collectors, dealers, and librarians about the buying and selling of second-hand and antiquarian books online. It was a gripping topic in 1995 and remains so in 2001. The ability to acquire books via the Internet has, after all, profoundly affected the professional lives of librarians and book dealers and has radically changed the face of both personal and institutional collecting. There is still much to talk about: The ground continues to shift beneath our feet as online book sites, originally an American . . .

scholarly journals Law, Ethics and Electronic Commerce

2005 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 46-53
Author(s):  
Thomas Hoeren
Keyword(s):  
Electronic Commerce ◽  
Contract Law ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Electronic Trade ◽  
Satellite Technology ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Face ◽  
Internet Community

Unlike the Internet community had expected electronic commerce does not lead to an anarchic dissolution of law. In the context of electronic trade, problems arising between users and providers can be solved, for instance by applying traditional principles of contract law. And yet, the legal dispute of Internet related facts and circumstances gives rise to a number of interesting topoi. Even though these subjects have already been considered in the past (for instance in the context of satellite technology), they only now show their specific explosive effect and diversity in the face of the electronic commerce.

Global Jihad and International Media Use

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
el-Sayed el-Aswad ◽  
M. Joseph Sirgy ◽  
Richard J. Estes ◽  
Don R. Rahtz
Keyword(s):  
Significant Role ◽  
Digital Communication ◽  
Communication Technologies ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Global Media ◽  
International Media ◽  
The Past ◽  
Political Ideologies ◽  
The World ◽  
The Face

Globalization and international media are potent contributors to the rise of the Islamist global jihad. Widespread digital communication technologies that connect people all over the world are a substantial component of globalization. Over the past three decades, “virtual jihad” has emerged as a potent disseminator of radical religious-political ideologies, instilling fear and fostering instability worldwide. Western and global media, while often misrepresenting Islam and Muslims, have played a significant role in disseminating jihadist ideologies. The involvement of global jihadists (mujāhidīn) across myriad media outlets and platforms has allowed them to promote their agenda around the world. Using the Internet and media outlets, global jihadists are able to attract and recruit people to their ranks in an accelerated manner. Jihadists have engaged in media activities that have empowered and expanded the global jihad movement, even in the face of increased mitigation efforts.

scholarly journals Copyright and the New Materialism

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dan Burk
Keyword(s):  
New Media ◽  
Creative Expression ◽  
New Materialism ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Traditional Media ◽  
Legal Doctrine ◽  
The Past ◽  
The World ◽  
The Face

Copyright has long rested upon a series of dualistic doctrinal structures, including the fundamental dichotomy between the immaterial "work" and its fixation in a physical "copy." This distinction, which was never entirely coherent even in traditional media, has broken down in the face of digital instantiations of creativity. The disconnection between legal doctrine and new media has now resulted in decades of incomprehensible decisions regarding the fixation of works in computer circuitry or the transmission of works across telecommunications media, particularly the Internet. However, during the past several years, an increasing number of scholars in a variety of fields have begun to re-emphasize the centrality of matter in their exploration of the world. New materialism might offer copyright a path out of such unsustainable distinctions, by providing a viewpoint that traverses the artificial opposition of work and copy, recognizing the primacy of matter in the development of creative expression.

Robust supervisory control policy for automated manufacturing systems with a single unreliable resource

2016 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
pp. 793-806 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianchao Luo ◽  
Keyi Xing ◽  
Yunchao Wu
Keyword(s):  
Supervisory Control ◽  
Manufacturing Systems ◽  
Control Policy ◽  
Automated Manufacturing ◽  
Automated Manufacturing Systems ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Face ◽  
Banker's Algorithm ◽  
Do So ◽  
Robust Supervisory Control

Over the past two decades, the development of supervisory controllers that guarantee deadlock-free operation for automated manufacturing systems (AMSs) has been an active area of research. Most work to date assumes that the system resources are reliable. This paper focuses on the robust supervisory control problem of AMSs with a single unreliable resource. Our objective is to develop a robust supervisory control policy under which the system can continue producing in the face of the unreliable resource’s failure or recovery. To do so, we integrate an optimal deadlock avoidance policy based on a Petri net with a modified Banker’s Algorithm and present a novel robust supervisory control policy. It is proven to be of polynomial complexity and more permissive than two existing policies. Also, experimental results on a set of AMSs generated randomly indicate its superiority over all other existing policies.

What are the Consequences of Being Disconnected in a Broadband-Connected World?

Daedalus ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 140 (4) ◽  
pp. 17-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
John B. Horrigan
Keyword(s):  
Digital Divide ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Legacy Systems ◽  
Digital Resources ◽  
The Past ◽  
Digital Exclusion

The evolution of the Internet in the past decade — from a slow, stationary, and primarily communications-based technology to a mobile, fast technology that supports a range of communication, participatory, and transactional applications — has made access more valuable, and disconnection more consequential, for individuals. This evolution means that stakeholders should embrace a different framing of the digital divide, focusing on the costs of digital exclusion. These costs can fall on an individual, if the Internet is the only way to carry out some tasks, and on society, if expensive and less-efficient legacy systems must be maintained to serve a shrinking minority without access. Whereas the digital divide debate concerns technology scarcity for certain population segments, addressing the costs of digital exclusion is about developing people's capacity to manage today's abundance of digital resources. This essay offers suggestions on a framework to develop tools that will enable individuals to take advantage of the affordances of broadband.

scholarly journals The impact of pharmacogenetics and pharmacogenomics

10.5912/jcb56 ◽  
1969 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Klaus Lindpaintner
Keyword(s):  
Risk Prediction ◽  
Preventive Strategies ◽  
Medical Progress ◽  
The Past ◽  
Realistic Assessment ◽  
The Face ◽  
Genetics And Genomics ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Evolutionary Pace ◽  
Do So

Pharmacogenetics is widely proclaimed as about to revolutionise the face of medicine. In a more realistic assessment, the implementation of molecular genetics and biology will continue to provide, as it has done already, better ways to diagnose and treat illnesses, but it will do so at a steady and evolutionary pace based on an improved understanding of the nature of disease, allowing more specific treatments, better risk prediction, and the implementation of preventive strategies. As such, future progress in biomedicine will travel the same well-trodden paths of improved differential diagnosis and risk prediction along which it has advanced over the past decades and centuries. So, while meaningful biomedical research today depends, by and large, on the use of the newly developed tools of genetics and genomics, and the insights gained through them, it is unlikely to fundamentally change the direction of medical progress.

Wages for Soundwork

Resonance ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-210
Author(s):  
Joshua Hudelson
Keyword(s):  
Panic Attacks ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Close Reading ◽  
Financial Independence ◽  
Reproductive Labor ◽  
The Past ◽  
Labor Power ◽  
Sales Clerks

Over the past decade, ASMR (Autonomous Sensory Meridian Response) has emerged from whisper-quiet corners of the Internet to become a bullhorn of speculation on the human sensorium. Many consider its sonically induced “tingling” to be an entirely novel, and potentially revolutionary, form of human corporeality—one surprisingly effective in combating the maladies of a digitally networked life: insomnia, anxiety, panic attacks, and depression. Complicating these claims, this article argues that ASMR is also neoliberal repackaging of what Marx called the reproduction of labor power. Units of these restorative “tingles” are exchanged for micro-units of attention, which YouTube converts to actual currency based on per-1,000-view equations. True to the claims of Silvia Federici and Leopoldina Fortunati, this reproductive labor remains largely the domain of women. From sweet-voiced receptionists to fawning sales clerks (both of whom are regularly role-played by ASMRtists), sonic labor has long been a force in greasing the gears of capital. That it plays a role in production is a matter that ASMRtists are often at pains to obscure. The second half of this article performs a close reading of what might be considered the very first ASMR film: Chantal Akerman’s Jeanne Dielman, 23 quai du Commerce, 1080 Bruxelles. Through this film, the exploitative dimensions of ASMR can be contrasted with its potential for creating protected spaces of financial independence and nonnormative corporeal practices.

Imagining Mary Magdalene

2014 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-25
Author(s):  
Jodie Eichler-Levine
Keyword(s):  
Comic Books ◽  
Historical Novels ◽  
Religion And Spirituality ◽  
Mary Magdalene ◽  
The Past ◽  
Scholarly Discourse ◽  
Do So

In this article I analyze how Americans draw upon the authority of both ancient, so-called “hidden” texts and the authority of scholarly discourse, even overtly fictional scholarly discourse, in their imaginings of the “re-discovered” figure of Mary Magdalene. Reading recent treatments of Mary Magdalene provides me with an entrance onto three topics: how Americans see and use the past, how Americans understand knowledge itself, and how Americans construct “religion” and “spirituality.” I do so through close studies of contemporary websites of communities that focus on Mary Magdalene, as well as examinations of relevant books, historical novels, reader reviews, and comic books. Focusing on Mary Magdalene alongside tropes of wisdom also uncovers the gendered dynamics at play in constructions of antiquity, knowledge, and religious accessibility.

Courting the Youth Vote in 2008: The Obama Effect

2009 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lindsey C Bohl
Keyword(s):  
Presidential Elections ◽  
Voter Registration ◽  
The Internet ◽  
The Past ◽  
Several Variables ◽  
High Turnout ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Use Of The Internet ◽  
Youth Vote

This paper examines a few of the numerous factors that may have led to increased youth turnout in 2008 Election. First, theories of voter behavior and turnout are related to courting the youth vote. Several variables that are perceived to affect youth turnout such as party polarization, perceived candidate difference, voter registration, effective campaigning and mobilization, and use of the Internet, are examined. Over the past 40 years, presidential elections have failed to engage the majority of young citizens (ages 18-29) to the point that they became inclined to participate. This trend began to reverse starting in 2000 Election and the youth turnout reached its peak in 2008. While both short and long-term factors played a significant role in recent elections, high turnout among youth voters in 2008 can be largely attributed to the Obama candidacy and campaign, which mobilized young citizens in unprecedented ways.

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