A Quantitative Method for Measuring Health of Authoritative Name Servers

The Domain Name System - DNS is regarded as one of the critical infrastructure component of the global Internet because a large-scale DNS outage would effectively take a typical user offline. Therefore, the Internet community should ensure that critical components of the DNS ecosystem - that is, root name servers, top-level domain registrars and registries, authoritative name servers, and recursive resolvers - function smoothly. To this end, the community should monitor them periodically and provide public alerts about abnormal behavior. The authors propose a novel quantitative approach for evaluating the health of authoritative name servers – a critical, core, and a large component of the DNS ecosystem. The performance is typically measured in terms of response time, reliability, and throughput for most of the Internet components. This research work proposes a novel list of parameters specifically for determining the health of authoritative name servers: DNS attack permeability, latency comparison, and DNSSEC validation.

On-line Studies of ESL at Pandemic

The article under the headline On-line Studies of ESL at Pandemic, concerns the modern theory of connectivism by George Simens in the pandemic for teaching and learning English as a second language. As the changing world and learning circumstances show the era for fundamental knowledge has come to an end. The informal way for getting information on the issue rather than the knowledge appears to be more important. In the era of information not the existing knowledge matters as the ways for getting the information on the certain topic even then when you know nothing of the issue. The on-line world and technologies give a wonderful possibility for gaining the info from those who already are aware of the matter via the chat or comment on blogs or online articles. The need of informal ways of teaching and getting the information have become serious outcome for mastering the English in an authentic atmosphere and get the very recent information on the topic. Thus, to pass asynchronous way the subject enables the student not only to get the grade but the information with less effort on the issue and make his own English internet community.

LanguageCrawl: a generic tool for building language models upon common Crawl

The exponential growth of the internet community has resulted in the production of a vast amount of unstructured data, including web pages, blogs and social media. Such a volume consisting of hundreds of billions of words is unlikely to be analyzed by humans. In this work we introduce the tool LanguageCrawl, which allows Natural Language Processing (NLP) researchers to easily build web-scale corpora using the Common Crawl Archive—an open repository of web crawl information, which contains petabytes of data. We present three use cases in the course of this work: filtering of Polish websites, the construction of n-gram corpora and the training of a continuous skipgram language model with hierarchical softmax. Each of them has been implemented within the LanguageCrawl toolkit, with the possibility to adjust specified language and n-gram ranks. This paper focuses particularly on high computing efficiency by applying highly concurrent multitasking. Our tool utilizes effective libraries and design. LanguageCrawl has been made publicly available to enrich the current set of NLP resources. We strongly believe that our work will facilitate further NLP research, especially in under-resourced languages, in which the lack of appropriately-sized corpora is a serious hindrance to applying data-intensive methods, such as deep neural networks.

Is parody dangerous?

This article arose from the scandal which broke out in Russia in 2018, when Ulyanovsk cadets made an amateur video clip parodying the Benny Benassi’s musical video (2003). Soon, this video had more than a million views. But official Russian media sharply reproached the cadets’ performance, and even Russian authorities discussed the video. The Russian Internet community issued a lot of videos in support of the cadets. The reaction of Russian media on the cadets’ parody was mainly strong and not always adequate. I am interested in the reasons behind the fear of parody because, in my opinion, the official discourse had nothing to fear. My analysis is based on the Russian theories of parody and the medieval cultural experience. Can parody be dangerous? Why did the official media overreact?

VALIDIZATION OF THE EMPIRICAL MODEL OF THE DYNAMICS OF INTEGRATION OF INTERNET COMMUNITIES

The article presents the results of a validating study carried out within the framework of the research under the grant "Building predictive models of the dynamics of the development of mobilization-type Internet communities". The aim of the study is to test the empirical model of integration of the Internet community in terms of the validity of the content and the validity of the criteria. The subject of the study is the validity of the criteria and integration factors identified in this model. The research methods are a survey of internal experts and a comparative analysis of assessments of the criteria and factors of integration of the specified model by external and internal experts. The results obtained allow us to conclude that it is correct to identify the criteria and factors for integrating the Internet community at the first stages of the research project. Differences in the assessment by two types of experts of the significance of some criteria and factors of integration of Internet communities receive the fixation of two observation positions - external and internal - as two types of explanation, namely, an understanding and descriptive explanation, respectively. The conducted research not only allows to introduce new criteria and factors of integration into the empirical model of integration of the Internet community, but also to draw an important theoretical conclusion. Online communities in their development manifest both the properties of real social groups and the properties of networks. These two methodological attitudes can be equally successfully applied in the analysis of online communities of the mobilization type. In the first case, analyzing the behavior of the online community as a social group, the dynamics of its mobilization function is mostly recorded. In the second case, analyzing the behavior of a community as a network, the dynamics of its volume and the dynamics of information potential are described to a greater extent.

Apropiación de tecnologías en las redes comunitarias de internet latinoamericanas

En América Latina se han desarrollado redes comunitarias de internet en diversos territorios como respuesta a la desconexión, pero atendiendo a su vez las problemáticas que atañen a la diferencia y desigualdad de sus comunidades durante la última década. La diversidad de estas experiencias encuentra como punto en común la creación, propiedad y administración colectiva, comunitaria y sin fin de lucro de la infraestructura que despliegan. Este artículo indaga sobre los modos de apropiación que se producen en estas redes, desde la creación tecnológica y los aprendizajes, usos y prácticas adaptadas o creativas que no fueron pensados en el momento de su diseño. Para ello se analiza la creación de tecnología con el LibreRouter, que desarrolló AlterMundi de Argentina; la formación destinada a dar soporte a estas experiencias que brinda el Diplomado Techio Comunitario de Redes AC de México y los usos y prácticas relevados en dos redes comunitarias, Quintana Libre y Atalaya Sur en Córdoba y Buenos Aires, Argentina, respectivamente. De esta forma, se busca generar conocimiento para tomar en consideración no solo las respuestas que brindan las redes comunitarias de internet en materia de conectividad en América Latina, sino también para la apropiación de tecnologías de sus comunidades. Technology Appropriation in Latin American Internet Community Networks In Latin America, internet community networks have been developed in various territories in response to lack of connectivity but also to address those issues that have affected the difference and inequality of their communities over the past decade. The diversity of these experiences shares some common factors: collective, community-serving and non-profit creation, ownership and administration of the infrastructures deployed. This article inquires into how technology appropriation takes place in these networks, from technological creation to adapted or creative ways of learning, using and developing practices that were not initially intended at the time of their design. For this, three cases are analyzed: the creation of technology with LibreRouter developed by AlterMundi in Argentina; the training aimed at supporting these experiences offered by the Diploma course Techio Comunitario by Redes A.C. in Mexico; and the uses and practices surveyed in two community networks, Quintana Libre and Atalaya Sur in Córdoba and Buenos Aires, Argentina, respectively. In this way, this paper seeks to produce knowledge to examine not only the responses provided by Internet community networks in terms of connectivity in Latin America but also to look into the appropriation of technologies in their communities. Palabras clave: redes comunitarias de internet, apropiación de tecnologías, desigualdad, comunicación comunitaria, América Latina. Key words: internet community networks, technology appropriation, inequality, community communication, Latin America.

THE MECHANISMS OF PERCEPTION AND COMPREHENSION OF FOREIGN TEXTS: PSYCHOLINGUISTIC ASPECT

This article describes a psycholinguistic research into the mechanisms of perception and comprehension of a foreign text based on the psycholinguistic method applying the modified “counter-text” technique developed by A. I. Novikov. The experiment is based on the physiological principle of dominant by A. A. Ukhtomsky. Within this article, a post in the translation Internet community acts as an incentive text, and comments on it play the role of reactions, a kind of “counter-texts”. It is supposed that “counter-texts”, to some extent, allow establishing and verbalizing the dominants that exist in the minds of those who perceive the text; the authors also believe these dominants to influence the process of meaning formation and translation results.

COVID-19 Impact on the Sharing Economy Post-Pandemic

In December 2019, Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) was identified and within a month its outbreak was seen across the world, with more than 180 countries being affected. This outbreak resulted in lockdowns and some major precautionary steps to contain the pandemic in various countries. To analyse its effect on the sharing economy model, we will study the two major companies in ride-sharing business and hospitality business – Airbnb and Uber. The approach is to have a comparative study on how the shared economy services helped in the internet community, and its prospects post-pandemic. The study will use the discussions and analyses of interviews collected from various shared economy industrial experts and customers. The paper will also assess the importance of the institutional and government regulation framework to improve the sharing economy business model. The research paper also provides a detailed comparison of companies’ customer responses post-pandemic on the basis of a few parameters, and the frequency of usage of these services.