Courting the Youth Vote in 2008: The Obama Effect

2009 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lindsey C Bohl
Keyword(s):  
Presidential Elections ◽  
Voter Registration ◽  
The Internet ◽  
The Past ◽  
Several Variables ◽  
High Turnout ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Use Of The Internet ◽  
Youth Vote

This paper examines a few of the numerous factors that may have led to increased youth turnout in 2008 Election. First, theories of voter behavior and turnout are related to courting the youth vote. Several variables that are perceived to affect youth turnout such as party polarization, perceived candidate difference, voter registration, effective campaigning and mobilization, and use of the Internet, are examined. Over the past 40 years, presidential elections have failed to engage the majority of young citizens (ages 18-29) to the point that they became inclined to participate. This trend began to reverse starting in 2000 Election and the youth turnout reached its peak in 2008. While both short and long-term factors played a significant role in recent elections, high turnout among youth voters in 2008 can be largely attributed to the Obama candidacy and campaign, which mobilized young citizens in unprecedented ways.

Increase associated risk of gynaecological cancer due to long-term exposure to high concentration of atmospheric SO2 industrial pollutant

2021 ◽  
pp. 1420326X2110036
Author(s):  
Qian Xu ◽  
Chan Lu ◽  
Rachael Gakii Murithi ◽  
Lanqin Cao
Keyword(s):  
Time Windows ◽  
Air Pollutant ◽  
Gynaecological Cancer ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
The Past ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Air Quality Monitoring Stations ◽  
Control Study

A cohort case–control study was conducted in XiangYa Hospital, Changsha, China, which involved 305 patients and 399 healthy women, from June 2010 to December 2018, to evaluate the association between Chinese women’s short- and long-term exposure to industrial air pollutant, SO2 and gynaecological cancer (GC). We obtained personal and family information from the XiangYa Hospital electronic computer medical records. Using data obtained from the air quality monitoring stations in Changsha, we estimated each woman’s exposure to the industrial air pollutant, sulphur dioxide (SO2), for different time windows, including the past 1, 5, 10 and 15 years before diagnosis of the disease. A multiple logistic regression model was used to assess the association between GC and SO2 exposure. GC was significantly associated with long-term SO2 exposure, with adjusted odds ratio (95% confidence interval) = 1.56 (1.10–2.21) and 1.81 (1.07–3.06) for a per interquartile range increase in the past 10 and 15 years, respectively. Sensitivity analysis showed that different groups reacted in different ways to long-term SO2 exposure. We concluded that long-term exposure to high concentration of industrial pollutant, SO2 is associated with the development of GC. This finding has implications for the prevention and reduction of GC.

The Final Score

2020 ◽  
pp. 201-210
Author(s):  
Steven M. Ortiz
Keyword(s):  
Lived Experience ◽  
Longitudinal Research ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Professional Athlete ◽  
The Past ◽  
Personal Empowerment ◽  
Final Score ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Over Time

The conclusion provides some final observations about the longitudinal research itself and its short- and long-term effects on the women involved. It briefly touches on the few areas of the sport marriage that have seen improvement in the past few decades, discusses the conscious decisions the women make to continue normalizing the career-dominated marriage, and reports on how the marriages fared over time. It also describes the women’s personal empowerment as a result of their participation in the research. Finally, it summarizes the advice and suggested keys to a successful sport marriage that the wives in both studies offered, based on their lived experience. This overview essentially describes how and why the wife of a male professional athlete must adapt to realities if she wants her marriage to survive her husband’s career and retirement.

Use of the Internet for Long-Term Clinical Follow-Up*

1998 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 371-374 ◽  
Author(s):  
JOHN A. AUCAR ◽  
CHARLES R. DOARN ◽  
ASHOT SARGSYAN ◽  
DALE A. SAMUELSON ◽  
MANUS J. ODONNELL ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
The Internet ◽  
Use Of The Internet

The effects of air pollution on vegetation from a geographic perspective

2000 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eunmi Chang ◽  
Valery J. Terwilliger
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Atmospheric Chemistry ◽  
Community Dynamics ◽  
Research Output ◽  
Physical Geography ◽  
Atmospheric Emissions ◽  
The Past ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Holistic Research

Researchers in many fields seek to understand the effects of anthropogenic changes in atmospheric chemistry on vegetation distributions. Particularly important needs for information from a pragmatic perspective include (1) relationships between short-and long-term metabolic consequences of pollutant uptake to vegetation distributions, and (2) indirect influences of air pollution on plant-community dynamics. Biogeography would be the appropriate discipline to make the most powerful contributions to these needs. This does not only mean gathering research output to show a broader picture. In addition, it means introducing new approaches from various fields in order to deepen understanding of spatial phenomena in the past and present, and to better predict patterns of the future. We review developments in both reductionist and holistic research approaches that have effectively enhanced knowledge of how atmospheric emissions affect vegetation. Limitations of these approaches are also discussed. We assume that the contributions of Geographic Information Systems and remote sensing to this line of inquiry are sufficiently appreciated by the bio- and physical geography community to be de-emphasized here. Instead, other approaches better known in more specialized disciplines that are leading to powerful insights from a more restricted sector of the biogeographical community are emphasized. A synthetic core role for physical and biogeography that more fully embraces developments in related disciplines is then proposed.

scholarly journals THE PANDEMIC AND THE ‘ENVIRONMENTALISATION’ OF GEOGRAPHY. AN EPISTEMIC-POLITICAL CHALLENGE

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (31) ◽  
pp. 65-85
Author(s):  
Marcelo Souza
Keyword(s):  
Social Research ◽  
Physical Geography ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Academic World ◽  
The Past ◽  
Environmental Geography ◽  
Political Challenge ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Epistemic Objects

The purpose of this article is to extract from the COVID-19 pandemic a lesson for geographers: although without intending (or being possible) to simply go back to the past, it is necessary to re-value, nevertheless, the very quintessence of the identity of the geographical discourse, which has been characterised by a way of building epistemic objects that is committed to a dialogue between social research (represented by what we usually call‘human geography’) and natural research (represented by what we usually call ‘physical geography’). This project, presently called ‘environmentalisation,’ does not aim at anything overly ambitious: there is no case here for an exclusionary thesis in the style ‘geography should be this, and nothing else’; in fact, it just defends the idea that an approach such as that of environmental geography, resulting from an attempt at ‘environmentalisation,’ must have its place assured. Environmental geography, being committed to the construction of hybrid epistemic objects, allows us to mobilise the interfaces and knowledge necessary to deal with complex tasks such as the analysis of the short and long-term effects of the pandemic (among many other issues). However, the environmental geography project not only has to deal with intellectual challenges (integrating what knowledge, how and for what purpose?), but, in the end, it must also face political obstacles: the concrete power relations in the academic world and the zeal with which ‘borders’ and ‘territories’ are patrolled and defended, not to mention the resistance of many researchers to leave their thematic and theoretical-methodological comfort zones.

scholarly journals Rural Poverty and Land Degradation: A Review of the Current State of Knowledge

1998 ◽  
Vol 37 (4II) ◽  
pp. 1053-1070 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sohail Jehangir Malik ◽  
Hina Nazli
Keyword(s):  
World Bank ◽  
Land Degradation ◽  
Rural Poverty ◽  
The Past ◽  
Current State ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
Resource Degradation ◽  
The World ◽  
Short And Long Term

By highlighting the lack of rigorous evidence and calling for a greater understanding of the interaction of the two processes, a recent study [Nelson et al. (1997)] has called into question the strong perception that poverty is both a consequence as well as a cause of resource degradation.1 This perception which is widely held is strongly evident in the writings of the multilateral development agencies such as the World Bank (1990) and IFAD (1992) and exists despite extensive reviews which indicate that the short- and long-term implications of land degradation are not very clear [see Scherr and Yadav (1995)]. Similarly, while knowledge about poverty is expanding rapidly, thanks in large parts to the massive international focus and resources brought to bear on its understanding in the past ten.........................

Autoimmune Encephalitis—Antibody Targets and Their Potential Pathogenicity in Immunotherapy-responsive Syndromes

US Neurology ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 09 (01) ◽  
pp. 55
Author(s):  
Katarzyna D Bera ◽  
Angela Vincent ◽  
Sarosh R Irani ◽  
◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Autoimmune Encephalitis ◽  
Acid Decarboxylase ◽  
Cell Surface Molecules ◽  
Surface Molecules ◽  
The Past ◽  
Important Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Relative Response ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Potential Pathogenicity

Autoimmune encephalitis (AIE) associated with neural autoantibodies is increasingly recognized as a cause of subacute onset amnesia, confusion, and seizures. In the past decade, several key antibody targets have been identified in AIE. These include the N-methyl D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors, voltage-gated potassium channel complexes—in particular leucine-rich glioma inactivated 1 (LGI1) and glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD). There is accumulating clinical and laboratory evidence that antibodies targeting the extracellular domains of cell-surface molecules are directly pathogenic. Each antibody target associates with a spectrum of clinical features and relative response to immunotherapies. These immunotherapies have been shown to improve short- and long-term clinical outcomes in affected patients. AIE is an important differential diagnosis to consider in patients presenting with symptoms of encephalitis as early diagnosis can lead to successful treatment.

scholarly journals Public interest in Cannabis during election season: a Google Trends analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Trevor Torgerson ◽  
Will Roberts ◽  
Drew Lester ◽  
Jam Khojasteh ◽  
Matt Vassar
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Public Interest ◽  
Presidential Election ◽  
Presidential Elections ◽  
Google Trends ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Internet Search ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Us

Abstract Introduction Given that 72% of internet users seek out health information using an internet search engine (Google being the most popular); we sought to investigate the public internet search interest in cannabis as a health topic when cannabis legislation appeared on state ballots and during presidential elections. Materials and methods We searched Google Trends for “cannabis” as a health topic. Google Trends data were extracted during the time period of May 1, 2008 to May 1, 2019 for the United States (US) and select states (18) within the US including: Alaska, Arizona, Arkansas, California, Colorado, Florida, Maine, Massachusetts, Michigan, Missouri, Nevada, North Dakota, Ohio, Oregon, Oklahoma, South Dakota, Utah, and Washington when cannabis was on the ballot. These state elections were referenda, not legislative votes. We then compared the internet search interest for cannabis before and after each election. To evaluate whether any associations with changes in the volume of cannabis internet searches were specific to the cannabis topic, or also occurred with other topics of general interest during an election year, the authors ran additional analyses of previously popular debated policies during Presidential Elections that may act as control topics. These policies included Education, Gun Control, Climate Change, Global Warming, and Abortion. We used the autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) algorithm to forecast expected relative internet search interests for the 2012 and 2016 Presidential Elections. Individual variables were compared using a linear regression analysis for the beta coefficients performed in Stata Version 15.1 (StataCorp). Results Public internet search interest for “cannabis” increased during the voting month above the previous mean internet search interest for all 18 bills. For the US, observed internet search interest during each Presidential Election was 26.9% [95% CI, 18.4–35.4%] greater than expected in 2012 and 29.8% [95% CI, 20.8–38.8%] greater than expected in 2016. In 2016, significant state-level findings included an increase in relative internet search rates for cannabis in states with higher usage rates of cannabis in the past month (Coeff (95% CI), 3.4 (2.8–4.0)) and past month illicit drug use except cannabis rates (Coeff (95% CI), 17.4 (9.8–25.0)). Relative internet search rates for cannabis from 2008 to 2019 were also associated with increased cannabis usage in the past month (Coeff (95% CI), 3.1 (2.5–3.7)). States with higher access to legal cannabis were associated with higher relative internet search volumes for cannabis (Coeff (95% CI), 0.31 (0.15–0.46)). Of the five additional policies that were searched as topics, only two showed an increase in internet search interest during each Presidential Election. Climate Change increased by 3.5% [95% CI, − 13-20%] in 2012 and 20.1% [95% CI, 0–40%] in 2016 while Global Warming increased by 1.1% [95% CI, − 19-21%] in 2012 and 4.6% [95% CI, − 6-15%] in 2016. Conclusion Based on these results, we expect public interest in cannabis will spike prior to the Presidential election in 2020. Of the five selected control policies, only two showed an increase in internet search interest during both Presidential Elections and neither exceeded the internet search increase of cannabis. These results may indicate the growing awareness of cannabis in the US and mark a possible target for the timely dissemination of evidence-based information regarding cannabis and its usage/side-effects during future elections. Consequently, the results of this study may be important to physicians since they will likely receive an increased volume of questions relating to cannabis and its therapeutic uses during election season from interested patients. We recommend establishing a cannabis repository of evidence-based information, providing physician education, and a dosing guide be created to enable physicians to provide high quality care around the issue of cannabis.

scholarly journals Management of diabetes during natural emergencies

2014 ◽  
Vol 02 (02) ◽  
pp. 067-069 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mintu Baruah ◽  
K.V.S. Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Hurricane Katrina ◽  
Disaster Preparedness ◽  
The Past ◽  
Gas Leak ◽  
Patients With Diabetes ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Long Term Consequences ◽  
Chronic Disorders ◽  
The Impact

AbstractDisaster preparedness is an important but often a neglected part in the management of chronic disorders. India is facing an epidemic of diabetes and the patients with diabetes are also exposed to the risk of natural disaster along with other members of the society. India faced many disasters in the past including the Bhopal gas leak, Gujarat earthquake and Andaman tsunami. These disasters exposed the lacunae in the disaster preparedness and lead to devastating health consequences. Previous research focused more on the immediate, traumatic aspects of the disasters and neglected the impact on chronic disorders. The experience of managing diabetes after Hurricane Katrina gave important insights into the short and long term consequences of a disaster. Our article provides information about the impact of disasters on diabetes, difficulties in the management and suggested measures at various levels to improve the disaster preparedness.

Genocide Prevention in the New Global Architecture

2005 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 469-484 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amitai Etzioni
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
Humanitarian Intervention ◽  
Global Order ◽  
The Past ◽  
Humanitarian Interventions ◽  
Short And Long Term

Where do future humanitarian interventions fit into the evolving post-9/11 new global architecture? To answer this question I ask: what are the main features of this architecture? In what directions is it propelled? Could these expected developments accommodate more forthcoming and more effective humanitarian interventions than we have seen in the past? And, in what ways would these future humanitarian interventions differ from past ones, so that they would both find a home in the new global architecture and be more effective? To proceed, the article first explores short and long-term developments in the role legitimacy plays in international relations; it then examines the new global order and its quest for enhanced legitimacy; and it then places humanitarian intervention within this changing context.

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