Putting Things Together

2019 ◽  
pp. 65-89
Author(s):  
Richard Corry
Keyword(s):  
Great Success ◽  
Causal Powers ◽  
Reductive Explanation

This chapter brings together the discussions of the previous chapters in order to develop a model of reductive explanation that clarifies the role of causal powers and causal influences, and identifies a number of metaphysical assumptions made by the method of reductive explanation. These assumptions are metaphysical in the sense that they bear on issues of traditional concern to metaphysicians. In so far as the model presented here is an accurate account of how reductive explanation works, the great success of the reductive approach will be evidence for the truth of these presuppositions, and so will give us an empirical handle on various metaphysical questions. The presuppositions unearthed in this chapter will inform the metaphysical picture that is developed in subsequent chapters.

scholarly journals Role of Dispersion Attraction in Differential Geometry Based Nonpolar Solvation Models

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhan Chen
Keyword(s):  
Differential Geometry ◽  
Electrostatic Interactions ◽  
Polar Component ◽  
Great Success ◽  
Free Energies ◽  
Dispersion Interactions ◽  
Solvation Models ◽  
Nonpolar Solvation ◽  
Solvation Analysis

AbstractDifferential geometry (DG) based solvation models have shown their great success in solvation analysis by avoiding the use of ad hoc surface definitions, coupling the polar and nonpolar free energies, and generating solvent-solute boundary in a physically self-consistent fashion. Parameter optimization is a key factor for their accuracy, predictive ability of solvation free energies, and other applications. Recently, a series of efforts have been made to improve the parameterization of these new implicit solvent models. In thiswork, we aim at studying the role of dispersion attraction in the parameterization of our DG based solvation models. To this end, we first investigate the necessity of van derWaals (vdW) dispersion interactions in the model and then carry out systematic parameterization for the model in the absence of electrostatic interactions. In particular, we explore how the changes in Lennard-Jones (L-J) potential expression, its decomposition scheme, and choices of some fixed parameter values affect the optimal values of other parameters as well as the overall modeling error. Our study on nonpolar solvation analysis offers insights into the parameterization of nonpolar components for the full DG based models by eliminating uncertainties from the electrostatic polar component. Therefore, it can be regarded as a step towards better parameterization for the full DG based model.

Military-Industrial Complex of Israel: Role of Arms Exports

2010 ◽  
pp. 57-63
Author(s):  
S. Belousov
Keyword(s):  
High Technology ◽  
Great Success ◽  
Industrial Complex ◽  
Technical Cooperation ◽  
Present Stage ◽  
Military Industrial Complex ◽  
Foreign Countries ◽  
Arms Exports ◽  
The Military

The article covers different aspects of the Israeli military-industrial complex and military-technical cooperation with foreign countries. At the present stage, the development of Israeli military-industrial complex depends significantly on its export operations. The innovative high-technology production focus, diversification of consumers, active positions uptake abroad allows Israel to achieve a great success in the military-technical sphere and join in the top five leading world actors at the international world arms market.

scholarly journals Elmélkedés, hitvita, káté Károlyi Péter Az halalrol, fel tamadasrol es az örök eletröl című munkájában

2013 ◽  
Vol 52 (3-4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tünde Móré
Keyword(s):  
16Th Century ◽  
Good Death ◽  
Great Success ◽  
Short Introduction ◽  
Reformed Church ◽  
Changing Role

Since Imre Bán’s paper on 16th century rhetoric and poetic handbooks from 1971 only a few scholars have made further inquiries into the oeuvre of Péter Károlyi. Following a short introduction to the scholarly works of the the author, the article focuses on meditations in 16th century Hungary. The first half the paper describes Károlyi’s preface written for Erzsébet Bocskai, and covers such themes as the concept of death, remembering and forgetting, while outlining the changing role of the author as a preacher in the text. The second half of the essay is devoted to examining the possible polemic contexts of this work, concentrating on the conflicts between the Reformed Church and Unitarianism in the 1570s. The paper points out various characteristics of Károlyi’s text which are combined together with great success in describing the art of good death.

scholarly journals 100 Years after Suffrage: Just How Far Have Women Come?

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Laura Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Women Of Color ◽  
Jim Crow ◽  
Women In Politics ◽  
Great Success ◽  
Public Office ◽  
Suffrage Movement ◽  
Right To Vote ◽  
The Right ◽  
Jim Crow South

Women earned the right to vote 100 years ago with the ratification of the 19th Amendment, effectively ending the suffrage movement that had transpired over generations. Their hard-won victory doubled the American electorate and provided women with an essential right of citizenship of which they had long been deprived. Not all women were welcomed at the polling place, though, and the exclusion of women of color, particularly in the Jim Crow South, revealed yet another barrier to eventually be struck down. In the 100 years since women earned their right to vote, they have begun “outvoting” their male counterparts and emerged as candidates for office in every branch and at every level of government. Despite great success, women are still underrepresented in public office, however. This article examines the role of women in politics from the decades prior to suffrage to the months leading up to the 2020 election and reminds us that although women have made tremendous strides, there is still a long way to go.

scholarly journals Nittsū’s Company History as a Guide to the Early Modern Origins of Japan’s Modern Communications

2012 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles Andrews
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Early Modern Period ◽  
Human Interaction ◽  
Great Success ◽  
History Plays ◽  
Modern Period ◽  
Early Twenty ◽  
Postal Services ◽  
Late Twentieth

Historians of the future will no doubt focus on the transformative role of Internet-based communications as they have changed human interaction in the late twentieth and early twenty-first centuries.  The introduction of modern postal services in Japan and elsewhere in the nineteenth century produced effects no less profound: citizens were connected to each other and their governments by reliable and relatively speedy delivery of letters, newspapers, and parcels.  Japan’s postal system was a great success, but the communications practices of the Japanese prior to the establishment of the post played an important role in that success.  Courier services—the so-called hikyakuya—of the early modern period survived and ultimately became today’s Nippon Tsūun (Nittsū), and global logistical corporation.  This article surveys the development of early modern Japanese communications, demonstrating the indispensible role that Nittsū’s company history plays in understanding that development.

scholarly journals A Forgotten Corner in Cancer Immunotherapy: The Role of Lipids

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Yu ◽  
Lei Gao ◽  
Yunpeng Wang ◽  
Bo Xu ◽  
Ewetse Paul Maswikiti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Cancer Immunotherapy ◽  
Tumour Microenvironment ◽  
Metabolic Reprogramming ◽  
Great Success ◽  
The Past ◽  
Cancer Immunity ◽  
Molecular Forces

In the past decade, cancer immunotherapy has achieved great success owing to the unravelling of unknown molecular forces in cancer immunity. However, it is critical that we address the limitations of current immunotherapy, including immune-related adverse events and drug resistance, and further enhance current immunotherapy. Lipids are reported to play important roles in modulating immune responses in cancer. Cancer cells use lipids to support their aggressive behaviour and allow immune evasion. Metabolic reprogramming of cancer cells destroys the equilibrium between lipid anabolism and catabolism, resulting in lipid accumulation within the tumour microenvironment (TME). Consequently, ubiquitous lipids, mainly fatty acids, within the TME can impact the function and phenotype of infiltrating immune cells. Determining the complex roles of lipids and their interactions with the TME will provide new insight for improving anti-tumour immune responses by targeting lipids. Herein, we present a review of recent literature that has demonstrated how lipid metabolism reprogramming occurs in cancer cells and influences cancer immunity. We also summarise the potential for lipid-based clinical translation to modify immune treatment.

scholarly journals Incorporating Source-Side Phrase Structures into Neural Machine Translation

2019 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 267-292 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akiko Eriguchi ◽  
Kazuma Hashimoto ◽  
Yoshimasa Tsuruoka
Keyword(s):  
Machine Translation ◽  
Syntactic Structure ◽  
Statistical Machine Translation ◽  
Training Data ◽  
Great Success ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Neural Machine Translation ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Source Sentence

Neural machine translation (NMT) has shown great success as a new alternative to the traditional Statistical Machine Translation model in multiple languages. Early NMT models are based on sequence-to-sequence learning that encodes a sequence of source words into a vector space and generates another sequence of target words from the vector. In those NMT models, sentences are simply treated as sequences of words without any internal structure. In this article, we focus on the role of the syntactic structure of source sentences and propose a novel end-to-end syntactic NMT model, which we call a tree-to-sequence NMT model, extending a sequence-to-sequence model with the source-side phrase structure. Our proposed model has an attention mechanism that enables the decoder to generate a translated word while softly aligning it with phrases as well as words of the source sentence. We have empirically compared the proposed model with sequence-to-sequence models in various settings on Chinese-to-Japanese and English-to-Japanese translation tasks. Our experimental results suggest that the use of syntactic structure can be beneficial when the training data set is small, but is not as effective as using a bi-directional encoder. As the size of training data set increases, the benefits of using a syntactic tree tends to diminish.

The role of Microstructure, Nanostructure and Composition in the Brilliant Red Slip of Roman Terra Sigillata Pottery from Southern Gaul

2004 ◽  
Vol 852 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philippe Sciau ◽  
Sabrina Relaix ◽  
Yolande Kihn ◽  
Christian Roucau
Keyword(s):  
Glass Matrix ◽  
Roman Period ◽  
Great Success ◽  
Metallic Ions ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Orange Colour ◽  
Xrd Techniques

ABSTRACTTerra sigillata ceramic is a fine ware produced during the Roman period. Its great success was due to its remarkable gloss, also called slip, which provides a bright deep red aspect. TEM-EELS and XRD techniques were used to understand the sub-microscopic origins of this singular aspect. Analysis investigations on five samples of two important Gaul workshops are described here. It appears that those samples have the same slip structure: sub-microscopic hematite and corundum crystals in a glass matrix. The matrix does not contain metallic ions, hematite is substituted in Al and Ti while corundum is substituted in Fe. The two crystal populations are homogeneously dispersed in the matrix and, together, give the specific red-orange colour to the sigillata.

The Age of the Sign: New Light on the Role of the Fourteenth Century in the History of Semiotics

Dialogue ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 509-516 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ludger Kaczmarek
Keyword(s):  
Academic Discipline ◽  
The Other ◽  
Great Success ◽  
Scientific Interest ◽  
Linguistic Turn ◽  
History Of ◽  
Getting Lost ◽  
The One ◽  
Definition Of

Semiotics, the age-old investigation of signs, is still striving for acknowledgement as a scientific (and academic) discipline. Though the ‘linguistic turn’ in the philosophical disciplines seemed to be followed by a ‘semiotic turn’ in many sciences during the 1970s, efforts were not crowned by great success. When seen from a certain distance, a definition of semiotics as a discipline can only be obtained from its history. Research into the sources of the human pre-occupation with signs, and with concepts or conceptions of signs, is really desirable and even necessary when a field of considerable scientific interest at the brink of being awarded the rank of a discipline runs the risk of getting lost between the unificationism of the Morris-type and the elegance of pseudo-mathematical empty classificationism (such as demonstrated in the late Max Bense's Stuttgart School) on the one side, and profitable exploitation of the sign's popularized design qualities on the other.

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