scholarly journals Catch-up and Learning in Taiwan

2019 ◽  
pp. 107-124
Author(s):  
Wan-wen Chu
Keyword(s):  
Import Substitution ◽  
High Tech ◽  
The West ◽  
Industrial Upgrading ◽  
Industrial Policies ◽  
Substitution Policy ◽  
Catch Up ◽  
1960S And 1970S ◽  
Post War ◽  
The 1960S

Taiwan’s post-war economic growth record has been phenomenal. This chapter examines how Taiwan managed to develop rapidly and catch up with the West. It shows that the state has played an important role and practised successful industrial policies. Industrial learning started with the import-substitution policy of the 1950s, then moved to export promotion in the 1960s and 1970s, and to entry into the high-tech sector from the 1980s. At every turn successful industrial upgrading was achieved due to suitable and adaptive industrial policies, in response to the changing environment.

How Taiwan Managed to Grow

2019 ◽  
pp. 570-590
Author(s):  
Wan-wen Chu
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Average Rate ◽  
Import Substitution ◽  
Economic Transformation ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Industrial Policies ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
1960S And 1970S ◽  
Post War ◽  
The 1960S

This chapter examines how Taiwan transformed its economy in the post-war era, focusing on four different periods: import-substitution industrialization in the 1950s, export promotion and secondary import substitution in the 1960s and 1970s, entry into the high tech sector from the 1980s, and liberalization and globalization in the 1990s. Taiwan’s economic transformation was successful mainly due to suitable industrial policies which were adaptive to the changing situation. The country has emerged from being a low income to being a high income economy in the post-war period because it was able to sustain its quick pace of development throughout these decades. Its GDP and per capita GNP grew at an average rate of 9.2 and 5.8 per cent each year, respectively, in the first three decades of the postwar period, 1951–1980, and 6.3 and 4.9 per cent during 1981–2014. Despite encountering various challenges along the way, Taiwan experienced several rounds of structural transformation.

scholarly journals Islamic Affinities with New Sciences and Technologies

ICR Journal ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 184-185
Author(s):  
Eric Winkel
Keyword(s):  
Popular Culture ◽  
Science And Technology ◽  
Natural World ◽  
The West ◽  
Newtonian Physics ◽  
Technological Tools ◽  
Catch Up ◽  
1960S And 1970S ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Lewis Mumford

Science and Technology (ST) understood as mechanical Newtonian physics and industry has indeed bypassed Muslim societies - and that’s a good thing. Because with the new ST Muslims can become full participants rather than passive recipients. From the 1960s and 1970s, a few Muslim thinkers sounded the alarm about ST (e.g., Seyyed Hossein Nasr, Ismail Faruqi, and Syed Muhammad Naquib al-Attas). They were aware that Muslim societies were trying to catch up and join a system of knowledge and technological tools that were both ontologically opposed to Islam and harmful to Muslim cultures. At the same time, thinkers in the West were horrified at the implications of ST for the natural world and for human freedom (e.g., Theodore Roszak, Jerry Mander, Lewis Mumford, Jacques Ellul). Today, from intellectual discourse to popular culture and movies, the idea that the old science and technology has gone wrong is easy to find and accept.

scholarly journals An analysis of the reality of authoritarianism in pedagogy: A critique based on the work of Deleuze, Guattari and Bhaskar

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
David R Cole ◽  
Mehri Mirzaei Rafe
Keyword(s):  
Critical Realism ◽  
The Other ◽  
Intellectual Work ◽  
The West ◽  
The Past ◽  
1960S And 1970S ◽  
Post War ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Combined Work ◽  
Different Levels

When analysing authoritarianism in pedagogy, one is immediately faced with a question: How real is the authoritarianism that one is describing? There is an inevitable «loop» or mode of reciprocation between the object of investigation; i.e. authoritarianism, and one’s own subjective projections about what authoritarianism is, how one has felt it in the past, and connected it to education. Certainly, societies in the West have, in general, changed in their attitudes to pedagogic authoritarianism since the 1960s and 1970s, perhaps under the influence of the mores of post-War, mass education. This article takes two paths of explication to these changes, one through the combined work of Deleuze andand Guattari, the other through the critical realism of Roy Bhaskar. The theoretical and intellectual work of Deleuze andand Guattari points to and makes plain the ways in which authoritarianism in education is continually under threat and being undermined by a myriad of «minor» forces, for example, exemplified by the relations between the authoritarian teacher and his/her students. In contrast, the critical realism of Roy Bhaskar enacts a critical and realist investigation into authoritarianism in pedagogy, as the name of his approach implies. The point of this analysis is not to simply compare the two approaches, but to try to understand the reality of the authoritarianism in pedagogy that we are presently confronted with in variant degrees and at different levels.

scholarly journals Don’t Smoke, Take Drink in Moderation, Do Walk a Lot and Do Not Gorge Yourself beyond Your Satiation: Health Education by Television in West Germany from the 1960s to the 1980s

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (18) ◽  
pp. 112
Author(s):  
Susanne Vollberg
Keyword(s):  
Health Education ◽  
Lifestyle Changes ◽  
West Germany ◽  
German Population ◽  
The West ◽  
Health Initiatives ◽  
1960S And 1970S ◽  
Post War ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Public Health Initiatives

This article discusses health education through television in West Germany, with a focus on nutrition and physical activity. Public health initiatives on television contributed to the fitness boom of the late 1960s and 1970s that aimed to counterbalance post-war lifestyle changes within the West German population. The article uses individual TV programme formats and campaigns as examples to show that the 1970s marked the beginning of behaviour-oriented health education in West Germany. The ZDF health telemagazine Gesundheitsmagazin Praxis gave advice, for example on proper food and conveyed how the audience was increasingly requested to actively participate, in order to encourage health-conscious behaviour.

Book Reviews

2015 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 88-107
Author(s):  
Louise K. Davidson-Schmich ◽  
Jennifer A. Yoder ◽  
Friederike Eigler ◽  
Joyce M. Mushaben ◽  
Alexandra Schwell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Print Media ◽  
Forced Migration ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
The West ◽  
Politics Of Memory ◽  
German State ◽  
East German ◽  
1960S And 1970S ◽  
The 1960S

Konrad H. Jarausch, United Germany: Debating Processes and Prospects Reviewed by Louise K. Davidson-Schmich Nick Hodgin and Caroline Pearce, ed. The GDR Remembered:Representations of the East German State since 1989 Reviewed by Jennifer A. Yoder Andrew Demshuk, The Lost German East: Forced Migration and the Politics of Memory, 1945-1970 Reviewed by Friederike Eigler Peter H. Merkl, Small Town & Village in Bavaria: The Passing of a Way of Life Reviewed by Joyce M. Mushaben Barbara Thériault, The Cop and the Sociologist. Investigating Diversity in German Police Forces Reviewed by Alexandra Schwell Clare Bielby, Violent Women in Print: Representations in the West German Print Media of the 1960s and 1970s Reviewed by Katharina Karcher Michael David-Fox, Peter Holquist, and Alexander M. Martin, ed., Fascination and Enmity: Russia and Germany as Entangled Histories, 1914-1945 Reviewed by Jennifer A. Yoder

Structural Transformation and Inclusive Growth

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andy Sumner
Keyword(s):  
Structural Transformation ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Focal Point ◽  
Import Substitution ◽  
National Development ◽  
Inclusive Growth ◽  
1960S And 1970S ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
The One ◽  
Import Substitution Industrialization

This chapter reviews currents in theory with a focus on modernization and neoclassical statements of comparative advantage on the one hand, and structuralism, dependency, and other theories of underdevelopment on the other. The latter theories of underdevelopment hit their zenith in the policies of the import-substitution industrialization of the 1960s and 1970s. They were largely dismissed in the 1980s as the limits of import-substitution industrialization became apparent and as East Asia industrialized, undermining any argument that structural transformation was problematic in the periphery. This chapter theorizes that neither orthodox nor heterodox theories of structural transformation adequately explain the development of late developers because of the heterogeneity of contemporary capitalism. That said, heterodox theories, which coalesce around the nature of incorporation of developing countries into the global economy, do retain conceptual usefulness in their focal point, ‘developmentalism’, by which we mean the deliberate attempts at national development led by the state.

Conclusion

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aled Davies
Keyword(s):  
International Monetary System ◽  
The State ◽  
Real Economy ◽  
Social Democratic ◽  
Monetary System ◽  
1960S And 1970S ◽  
Post War ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
City Of London ◽  
The City

The aim of this book has been to evaluate the relationship between Britain’s financial sector, based in the City of London, and the social democratic economic strategy of post-war Britain. The central argument presented in the book was that changes to the City during the 1960s and 1970s undermined a number of the key post-war social democratic techniques designed to sustain and develop a modern industrial economy. Financial institutionalization weakened the state’s ability to influence investment, and the labour movement was unable successfully to integrate the institutionalized funds within a renewed social democratic economic agenda. The post-war settlement in banking came under strain in the 1960s as new banking and credit institutions developed that the state struggled to manage. This was exacerbated by the decision to introduce competition among the clearing banks in 1971, which further weakened the state’s capacity to control the provision and allocation of credit to the real economy. The resurrection of an unregulated global capital market, centred on London, overwhelmed the capacity of the state to pursue domestic-focused macroeconomic policies—a problem worsened by the concurrent collapse of the Bretton Woods international monetary system. Against this background, the fundamental social democratic assumption that national prosperity could be achieved only through industry-led growth and modernization was undermined by an effective campaign to reconceptualize Britain as a fundamentally financial and commercial nation with the City of London at its heart....

The Politics of Banking and Social Democracy

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aled Davies
Keyword(s):  
Banking System ◽  
Social Democracy ◽  
The Political ◽  
Social Democratic ◽  
Industrial Economy ◽  
The Social ◽  
1960S And 1970S ◽  
Post War ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Political Demand

This chapter concerns the politics of managing the domestic banking system in post-war Britain. It examines the pressures brought to bear on the post-war settlement in banking during the 1960s and 1970s—in particular, the growth of new credit creating institutions and the political demand for more competition between banks. This undermined the social democratic model for managing credit established since the war. The chapter focuses in particular on how the Labour Party attempted in the 1970s to produce a banking system that was competitive, efficient, and able to channel credit to the struggling industrial economy.

Industrial Exports and Peronist Economic Policies in Post-War Argentina

2012 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 285-317 ◽  
Author(s):  
CLAUDIO BELINI
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Import Substitution ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Economic Policies ◽  
World War ◽  
Foreign Markets ◽  
Industrial Policies ◽  
Manufactured Goods ◽  
Post War ◽  
Second World

AbstractThis article studies the growth and decline of Argentine exports of manufactured goods during the 1940s and 1950s. In a context that was favourable due to the global scarcity of manufactured goods, Argentine industry managed to sell its products in several foreign markets, especially in Latin America, during the Second World War. In the post-war period, however, exports declined and returned to the levels of the 1930s. After 1950 the Peronist administration again tried to stimulate exports through the use of various incentives, but they did not revive. The article examines the reasons for this decline, the role played by the economic, commercial and industrial policies of the Peronist era, and the problems that Argentine industry faced in remaining competitive. Based on this analysis, the paper questions the interpretation that argues that exporting manufactured goods was a viable path for development for import substitution industrialisation countries in the post-war world. In this respect the paper contributes to the discussion of different paths towards economic development in Latin America.

The foundations and prerequisites of imagology

2021 ◽  
pp. 65-74
Author(s):  
Valerii P. Trykov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Engineering ◽  
Dominant Strategy ◽  
The Other ◽  
Special Role ◽  
The West ◽  
European Culture ◽  
Post War ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
The One ◽  
Eu Project

The article examines the conceptual foundations and scientific, sociocultural and philosophical prerequisites of imagology, the field of interdisciplinary research in humanitaristics, the subject of which is the image of the “Other” (foreign country, people, culture, etc.). It is shown that the imagology appeared as a response to the crisis of comparatives of the mid-20th century, with a special role in the formation of its methodology played by the German comparatist scientist H. Dyserinck and his Aachen School. The article analyzes the influence on the formation of the imagology of post-structuralist and constructivist ideological-thematic complex (auto-reference of language, discursive history, construction of social reality, etc.), linguistic and cultural turn in the West in the 1960s. Shown is that, extrapolated to national issues, this set of ideas and approaches has led to a transition from the essentialist concept of the nation to the concept of a nation as an “imaginary community” or an intellectual construct. A fundamental difference in approaches to the study of an image of the “Other” in traditional comparativism and imagology, which arises from a different understanding of the nation, has been distinguished. It is concluded that the imagology studies the image of the “Other” primarily in its manipulative, socio-ideological function, i.e., as an important tool for the formation and transformation of national and cultural identity. The article identifies ideological, socio-political factors that prepared the birth of the imagology and ensured its development in western Humanities (fear of possible recurrences of extreme nationalism and fascism in post-war Europe, the EU project, which set the task of forming a pan-European identity). It is concluded that the imagology, on the one hand, has actualized an important field of scientific research — the study of the image of the “Other”, but, on the other hand, in the broader cultural and historical perspective, marked a departure not only from the traditions of comparativism and historical poetics, but also from the humanist tradition of the European culture, becoming part of a manipulative dominant strategy in the West. To the culture of “incorporation” into a “foreign word” in order to understand it, preserve it and to ensure a genuine dialogue of cultures, the imagology has contrasted the social engineering and the technology of active “designing” a new identity.

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