Protection

2020 ◽  
pp. 170-204
Author(s):  
Luca Scholz
Keyword(s):  
Free Movement ◽  
Traffic Flows ◽  
The City ◽  
Emergency Measures ◽  
The Way

The protection of roads and rivers was often a precondition of mobility, but protection could also serve as an excuse for self-interested interference with traffic flows. This was the case on the River Weser, which was contested between the City of Bremen and the counts of Oldenburg. Bremen employed armed vessels to protect the river from privateers but also impeded Oldenburg from levying customs duties, to the point of a virtual ‘toll war’. Bremen also struggled to discipline its soldiers whose exactions sparked the protest of boatmen and the riverine population. The way in which safe conduct justified self-serving economic and political goals—on the Lower Weser as elsewhere—can be understood as a dynamic of ‘securitization’, a process in which an issue is presented as existentially threatened and requiring extraordinary emergency measures. In academic debates, some jurists sublimated these tensions into an exclusionary and selective conception of free movement.

Drezno w relacjach polskich osiemnastowiecznych peregrynantów. Rekonesans .

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 ◽  
pp. 26-43
Author(s):  
Marcin Pliszka
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Social Life ◽  
The City ◽  
The Way

The article analyses descriptions, memories, and notes on Dresden found in eighteenth-century accounts of Polish travellers. The overarching research objective is to capture the specificity of the way of presenting the city. The ways that Dresden is described are determined by genological diversity of texts, different ways of narration, the use of rhetorical repertoire, and the time of their creation. There are two dominant ways of presenting the city: the first one foregrounds the architectural and historical values, the second one revolves around social life and various kinds of games (redoubts, performances).

Introduction

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Konstan
Keyword(s):  
Interpersonal Relations ◽  
Classical Antiquity ◽  
Ancient Ethics ◽  
Other Regarding ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The City ◽  
The Way

This chapter examines the tension in classical thought between reciprocity and altruism as the two fundamental grounds of interpersonal relations within the city and, to a lesser extent, between citizens and foreigners. It summarizes the chapters that follow, and examines in particular the ideas of altruism and egoism and defends their application to ancient ethics. Various attempts to reconcile the two, especially in respect to Aristotle’s conception of virtue as other-regarding, are considered, and with the relationship to modern concepts of “egoism” and “altruism” is explored. The introduction concludes by noting that one of the premises of the book is that, in classical antiquity, love was deemed to play a larger role in the way people accounted for motivation in a number of domains, including friendship, loyalty, gratitude, grief, and civic harmony.

scholarly journals Branding in practice, or how an Amsterdam publisher used the city to promote Gerbrand Bredero (1585–1618)

Urban History ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-23
Author(s):  
Jeroen Jansen
Keyword(s):  
Maximum Benefit ◽  
The City ◽  
The Way

Abstract This article explores how the publisher Cornelis vander Plasse managed to promote the literary career of the Dutch playwright Gerbrand Bredero (1585–1618) by using Amsterdam as a place. It is concerned with the way in which this Amsterdam-based publisher took decisions both to comply with Bredero's work and to derive maximum benefit from its publication. One of his strategies was to deploy the city as a recognizable trademark to Bredero's work. By using the advantages that the ‘place’ of Amsterdam offered him, he proved himself an expert in marketing and advertising, laying the foundation of Bredero's reputation as both an Amsterdam-based and national author in the centuries to follow.

TripRes

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-21
Author(s):  
Xiaolong Xu ◽  
Zijie Fang ◽  
Lianyong Qi ◽  
Xuyun Zhang ◽  
Qiang He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Flow ◽  
Discrete Distribution ◽  
Resource Provisioning ◽  
Path Selection ◽  
Urban Traffic ◽  
Traffic Flows ◽  
Multimedia Services ◽  
Traffic Flow Prediction ◽  
The City ◽  
Multimedia Surveillance

The Internet of Vehicles (IoV) connects vehicles, roadside units (RSUs) and other intelligent objects, enabling data sharing among them, thereby improving the efficiency of urban traffic and safety. Currently, collections of multimedia content, generated by multimedia surveillance equipment, vehicles, and so on, are transmitted to edge servers for implementation, because edge computing is a formidable paradigm for accommodating multimedia services with low-latency resource provisioning. However, the uneven or discrete distribution of the traffic flow covered by edge servers negatively affects the service performance (e.g., overload and underload) of edge servers in multimedia IoV systems. Therefore, how to accurately schedule and dynamically reserve proper numbers of resources for multimedia services in edge servers is still challenging. To address this challenge, a traffic flow prediction driven resource reservation method, called TripRes, is developed in this article. Specifically, the city map is divided into different regions, and the edge servers in a region are treated as a “big edge server” to simplify the complex distribution of edge servers. Then, future traffic flows are predicted using the deep spatiotemporal residual network (ST-ResNet), and future traffic flows are used to estimate the amount of multimedia services each region needs to offload to the edge servers. With the number of services to be offloaded in each region, their offloading destinations are determined through latency-sensitive transmission path selection. Finally, the performance of TripRes is evaluated using real-world big data with over 100M multimedia surveillance records from RSUs in Nanjing China.

Historic city, tourism performance and development: The balance of social behaviours in the city of Santiago de Compostela (Spain)

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 282-293 ◽  
Author(s):  
Belén Mª Castro Fernández ◽  
Rubén Camilo Lois González ◽  
Lucrezia Lopez
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Data ◽  
City Centre ◽  
City Development ◽  
Santiago De Compostela ◽  
Final Destination ◽  
City Tourism ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Historic City ◽  
The City ◽  
The Way

Santiago de Compostela is an iconic place. From the 9th century through to the present day the city has acted as the final destination of a major pilgrimage route named after it. In the article we ask ourselves how the contemporary reinvention of the pilgrimage and pilgrimages on the Way of St. James has boosted tourism development in the city. Development has been concentrated in the historic city centre and in the area around the cathedral. The importance of tourism has transformed the significance of the city itself, which acquires a magical component as a place of arrival and encounter for all kinds of visitors. The historic city has been set up in the 20th century as a destination for the Way and for cultural tourism. The buildings, particularly those connected with the pilgrimage route, become highly attractive and symbolic places and tourists carry out a number of rituals in them. They travel and enjoy Santiago as a unique experience. The study of tourism and of the tourist transformation of Santiago de Compostela is undertaken using a qualitative and quantitative method. The article analyses the heritage and symbolic value of the historic centre, together with the growth of its tourism activities. Numerical data are also provided on the perceptions and behaviour of visitors using surveys carried out by the city's Tourism Observatory.

The “Unspeakable Blessing”: Street Children, Reform Rhetoric, and Misery in Early Industrial Capitalism

1983 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 303-330 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce Bellingham
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Annual Report ◽  
Street Children ◽  
Industrial Capitalism ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Insurmountable Obstacle ◽  
The City ◽  
The Way

… surely there would be men enough, willing and glad to contribute to the regeneration of the poor outcasts of the city. It is no longer an experiment since the Children's Aid has removed of this class, in thirteen years, eleven thousand two hundred and seventy two! Who would not rejoice to aid in such an enterprise…? Money only is wanting. Shall that be an insurmountable obstacle in the way of accomplishing such an unspeakable blessing? New York Children's Aid Society, 1866 Annual Report

Discussion on the Intergration of Road Landscape Design and Urban Mining and Metallurgy Culture in Huangshi City

2013 ◽  
Vol 357-360 ◽  
pp. 2002-2004
Author(s):  
Ou Xie ◽  
Yuan Sheng Tu
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Landscape ◽  
Landscape Design ◽  
Natural Landscape ◽  
Urban Mining ◽  
Urban Road ◽  
Road Design ◽  
Urban Construction ◽  
The City ◽  
Public Environment ◽  
The Way

Road Landscape design does not exist independently in urban construction but intergrates into the urban cultures by design. This article discusses based on Huangshi Mining and Metallurgy culture the urban road design from the aspects of color, pavement, blind sidewalk, plants, and public environment facilities. Also it proposes the way of design that combines cultural landscape and natural landscape according to the city geographical features, therefore makes the urban road landscape design to be more cultural and representative.

Walking through the city soundscape: an audio-visual analysis of sensory experience for people with psychosis

2022 ◽  
pp. 147035722110526
Author(s):  
Sara Merlino ◽  
Lorenza Mondada ◽  
Ola Söderström
Keyword(s):  
Social Interaction ◽  
Conversation Analysis ◽  
Visual Analysis ◽  
Sensory Experience ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
Noisy Environments ◽  
Urban Context ◽  
Video Recordings ◽  
The City ◽  
The Way

This article discusses how an aspect of urban environments – sound and noise – is experienced by people walking in the city; it particularly focuses on atypical populations such as people diagnosed with psychosis, who are reported to be particularly sensitive to noisy environments. Through an analysis of video-recordings of naturalistic activities in an urban context and of video-elicitations based on these recordings, the study details the way participants orient to sound and noise in naturalistic settings, and how sound and noise are reported and reexperienced during interviews. By bringing together urban context, psychosis and social interaction, this study shows that, thanks to video recordings and conversation analysis, it is possible to analyse in detail the multimodal organization of action (talk, gesture, gaze, walking bodies) and of the sensory experience(s) of aural factors, as well as the way this organization is affected by the ecology of the situation.

The Google Ireland Case and the Legal Battle over Digital Taxes in the European Union

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 209-220
Author(s):  
Giulio Allevato ◽  
Fernando Pastor-Merchante
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Digital Economy ◽  
Free Movement ◽  
Preliminary Ruling ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Topical Issue ◽  
Member States ◽  
Court Of Justice ◽  
Legal Battle ◽  
The Way

The preliminary ruling of the Court of Justice of the European Union in the Google Ireland case turned on the compatibility with the rules on free movement of some of the administrative arrangements put in place by Hungary in order to administer its controversial advertisement tax (namely, the obligation to register and the penalties attached to the failure to comply with that obligation). The preliminary ruling offers some interesting insights on the way in which the Court assesses the compatibility with the freedom to provide services of national administrative arrangements aimed at ensuring the effective collection of taxes. This is a topical issue in the context of the recent efforts made by Member States to tax the digital economy more effectively.

The internalized vermin of exile in Montréal: Rawi Hage’s Cockroach

2016 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 168-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wisam Kh. Abdul-Jabbar
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
Divided Self ◽  
The City ◽  
The Way

This article argues that the protagonist in Hage’s Cockroach (2008) introjects the vermin as a representation of internalized antagonism. As the unnamed narrator struggles in an inhospitable city, he internalizes this unflinching feeling of estrangement through introjection. This process reveals how the loss of home entails the state of a vagabond who resists normalization and seeks the unruly life of the underground. The way the city of Montréal is portrayed as notorious for its indifference towards newcomers aggravates the condition of the divided self in exile, which necessitates the intrusion of the monstrous. In effect, not only does introjecting the cockroach signify a menacing presence but also suggests a decolonizing act of insubordination against a city whose hegemonic order, like its freezing weather, looms large.

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