Open Questions on Balancing in the GDPR

2020 ◽  
pp. 390-416
Author(s):  
Jef Ausloos
Keyword(s):  
Data Protection ◽  
Information Society ◽  
Critical Appraisal ◽  
Functional Approach ◽  
Open Questions ◽  
The Right ◽  
Key Questions

This chapter discusses some of the loose ends that remain after the previous two chapters in Part II on Fair Balancing and Data Protection. In particular, it tries to frame answers to—or at the very least nuances—key questions arising from right-to-erasure-induced-balancing-acts in the information society service (ISS) context. After a critical appraisal of open-ended fair balancing in the data protection context, the chapter tackles questions such as how far ISS controllers’ responsibility to balance goes; whether the GDPR defines a balance that is biased towards data subjects; and whether the framework is not essentially ‘privatizing’ fair balancing. The last half of the chapter is dedicated to some important elements that nuance the aforementioned questions, and the debate on GDPR balancing by ISS controllers more broadly. It emphasizes the importance of taking into account the size and broader context in which large ISS providers operate; makes a critical appraisal of the merits and pitfalls of a granular and functional approach; shows how the GDPR essentially defers fair balancing; and explains the right to erasure should not be looked at as a binary (ie full erasure v unrestrained processing).

Scope of the Right to Erasure

2020 ◽  
pp. 117-195
Author(s):  
Jef Ausloos
Keyword(s):  
Data Protection ◽  
Information Society ◽  
Personal Data ◽  
Functional Approach ◽  
Scope Of Application ◽  
The Right

Having laid the foundation of data protection empowerment in Chapter 2, this chapter zooms in on the GDPR’s scope of application in particular. It examines the territorial, material, and personal scope respectively, with a focus on the latter two because of their particular relevance in light of the book’s overall focus. What becomes very clear is how malleable and dynamic the nature of (personal) data is, something which will prove to be important with regard to making the right to erasure work in practice. This chapter also fleshes out the concept of controller, particularly in the context of information society services (ISS) with many different actors involved in processing the same personal data. It appears that from data subjects’ perspective, ISS providers will practically always be approachable with a right to erasure/object, even if not ultimately responsible or liable. Chapter 3 ends with describing four key derogations and exemptions in the GDPR, which may effectively lead to the inapplicability of the right to erasure. What appears from this chapter overall, is the importance of a granular and functional approach when determining the GDPR’s scope of application. This is all the more important in light of the growing complexity of the ecosystem, with many moving elements.

scholarly journals ESSENCE OF THE RIGHT TO PROTECTION OF PERSONAL DATA

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhivka Mateeva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Data Protection ◽  
Information Society ◽  
Personal Data ◽  
Modern Life ◽  
Personal Data Protection ◽  
The Right To Privacy ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Right

In the age of the information society, the possibilities for problems of personal data protection related to the danger and threat of adverse consequences for the individual are extremely high. Violation of the right of the individual in connection with the disclosure of personal data is an encroachment on privacy. This paper examines the nature of the right to the protection of personal data, which is an integral part of the right to privacy. On the basis of the analysis of the right to protection of personal data, its essential features, characteristic for the basic human rights, are derived. On this basis, the role of the right to personal data protection is outlined, finding application in various spheres of modern life.

El derecho a ser informado como elemento esencial del derecho a la protección de datos. Una visión crítica de la jurisprudencia del Tribunal Constitucional y de su cambio de doctrina en la STC 39/2016

2016 ◽  
pp. 191-216
Author(s):  
Miguel Ángel CABELLOS ESPIÉRREZ
Keyword(s):  
Video Surveillance ◽  
Data Protection ◽  
Case Law ◽  
Fundamental Rights ◽  
Constitutional Court ◽  
Surveillance Systems ◽  
Control Technology ◽  
Specific Regulation ◽  
The Right

LABURPENA: Lan eremuan bideozaintzaren erabilerak ondorio garrantzitsuak dakartza funtsezko eskubideei dagokienez, esate baterako intimitateari eta datu pertsonalen babesari dagokienez. Hala eta guztiz ere, oraindik ez daukagu araudi zehatz eta espezifikorik kontrol-teknika hori lan eremuan erabiltzeari buruz. Horrek behartuta, errealitate horri araudi-esparru anitz eta generikoa aplikatzeko modua auzitegiek zehaztu behar dute, kontuan hartuta, gainera, Espainiako Konstituzioaren 18.4 artikulua alde horretatik lausoa dela. Konstituzio Auzitegiak, datuen babeserako funtsezko eskubidea aztertzean, datuen titularraren adostasuna eta titular horri eman beharreko informazioa eskubide horretan berebizikoak zirela ezarri zuen; hortik ondorioztatzen da titularraren adostasuna eta hari emandako informazioa mugatuz gero behar bezala justifikatu beharko dela. Hala ere, Konstituzio Auzitegiak, duela gutxiko jurisprudentzian, bere doktrina aldatu du. Aldaketa horrek, lan eremuan, argi eta garbi langileak informazioa jasotzeko duen eskubidea debaluatzea dakar, bere datuetatik zein lortzen ari diren jakiteari dagokionez. RESUMEN: La utilización de la videovigilancia en el ámbito laboral posee importantes implicaciones en relación con derechos fundamentales como los relativos a la intimidad y a la protección de datos personales. Pese a ello, carecemos aún de una normativa detallada y específica en relación con el uso de dicha técnica de control en el ámbito laboral, lo que obliga a que sean los tribunales los que vayan concretando la aplicación de un marco normativo plural y genérico a esa realidad, dada además la vaguedad del art. 18.4 CE. El TC, al analizar el derecho fundamental a la protección de datos, había establecido el carácter central en él del consentimiento del titular de los datos y de la información que debe dársele a éste, de donde se sigue que cualquier limitación del papel de ambos deberá estar debidamente justificada. Sin embargo, en su más reciente jurisprudencia el TC ha realizado un cambio de doctrina que supone, en el ámbito laboral, una clara devaluación del derecho a la información por parte del trabajador en relación con qué datos suyos se están obteniendo. ABSTRACT : T he use of video surveillance systems within the work sphere has major implications for fundamental rights such as privacy and data protection. Nonetheless, we still lack of a detailed and specific regulation regarding the use of that control technology within the work sphere, which obliges courts to define the application of a plural and generic normative framework to that issue, given the vagueness of art. 18.4 of the Constitution. The Constitutional Court, when analyzing the fundamental right to data protection, had settled the centralityof the consent of the data rightholder and of the information to be provided to the latter, and from this it followed that any restriction on the role of both rights should be duly justified. However, in its most recent case law the Constitutional Court has changed its doctrine which means, within the work sphere, a clear devaluation of the right of information by the employee regarding the obtained data of him/her.

scholarly journals A Healthy Sense of Trust

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (Suppl. 1) ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Denis Horgan
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Big Data ◽  
Data Protection ◽  
Fast Moving ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Personalised Medicine ◽  
Drug Pricing ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Eu

In the fast-moving arena of modern healthcare with its cutting-edge science it is already, and will become more, vital that stakeholders collaborate openly and effectively. Transparency, especially on drug pricing, is of paramount importance. There is also a need to ensure that regulations and legislation covering, for example the new, smaller clinical trials required to make personalised medicine work effectively, and the huge practical and ethical issues surrounding Big Data and data protection, are common, understood and enforced across the EU. With more integration, collaboration, dialogue and increased trust among each and every one in the field, stakeholders can help mould the right frameworks, in the right place, at the right time. Once achieved, this will allow us all to work more quickly and more effectively towards creating a healthier - and thus wealthier - European Union.

scholarly journals Transnational Feminisms, Nonideal Theory, and “Other” Women’s Power

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Serene J Khader
Keyword(s):  
Amartya Sen ◽  
Gender Justice ◽  
Nonideal Theory ◽  
Epistemic Practices ◽  
Just Culture ◽  
Multiple Strategies ◽  
Women's Power ◽  
Women's Oppression ◽  
The Right ◽  
Key Questions

Postcolonial and transnational feminists’ calls to recognize “other” women’s agency have seemed to some Western feminists to entail moral quietism about women’s oppression. Here, I offer an antirelativist framing of the transnational feminist critiques, one rooted in a conception of transnational feminisms as a nonideal theoretical enterprise. The Western feminist problem is not simple ethnocentrism, but rather a failure to ask the right types of normative questions, questions relevant to the nonideal context in which transnational feminist praxis occurs. Instead of asking which forms of power are gender-justice-enhancing, Western feminists are fixated on contrasting “other” cultures to an idealized Western culture. A focus on ideal theorizing works together with colonial epistemic practices to divert Western feminist attention from key questions about what will reduce “other” women’s oppression under conditions of gender injustice and ongoing imperialism. Western feminists need to ask whether “other” women’s power is resistant, and answering this question requires a focus on what Amartya Sen would call “justice enhancement” rather than an ideal of the gender-just culture. I show how a focus on resistance, accompanied by a colonialism-visibilizing hypothesis and a normative vision that allows multiple strategies for transitioning out of injustice, can guide Western feminists toward more appropriate questions about “other” women’s power.

scholarly journals Doing good vs. avoiding bad in prosocial choice: A refined test and extension of the morality preference hypothesis

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ben M Tappin ◽  
Valerio Capraro
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Social Preferences ◽  
Dictator Game ◽  
Psychological Theory ◽  
Judgment And Decision Making ◽  
Open Questions ◽  
Self Interest ◽  
The Right ◽  
Human Social Life

Prosociality is fundamental to human social life, and, accordingly, much research has attempted to explain human prosocial behavior. Capraro and Rand (Judgment and Decision Making, 13, 99-111, 2018) recently provided experimental evidence that prosociality in anonymous, one-shot interactions (such as Prisoner’s Dilemma and Dictator Game experiments) is not driven by outcome-based social preferences – as classically assumed – but by a generalized morality preference for “doing the right thing”. Here we argue that the key experiments reported in Capraro and Rand (2018) comprise prominent methodological confounds and open questions that bear on influential psychological theory. Specifically, their design confounds: (i) preferences for efficiency with self-interest; and (ii) preferences for action with preferences for morality. Furthermore, their design fails to dissociate the preference to do “good” from the preference to avoid doing “bad”. We thus designed and conducted a preregistered, refined and extended test of the morality preference hypothesis (N=801). Consistent with this hypothesis, our findings indicate that prosociality in the anonymous, one-shot Dictator Game is driven by preferences for doing the morally right thing. Inconsistent with influential psychological theory, however, our results suggest the preference to do “good” was as potent as the preference to avoid doing “bad” in this case.

scholarly journals Practicing patients’ rights in Iran: a review of evidence

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tahere Sharifi ◽  
Ehsan Shamsi-Gooshki ◽  
Ali Mohammad Mosadeghrad ◽  
Ebrahim Jaafaripooyan
Keyword(s):  
Critical Appraisal ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Patient Rights ◽  
Healthcare Organizations ◽  
Patients Rights ◽  
The Right To Privacy ◽  
Critical Appraisal Skills ◽  
The Right ◽  
Privacy And Confidentiality

Protection of patients' rights is critical in improving healthcare quality, and hence this study aimed at reviewing patient rights’ practices in healthcare organizations of Iran. Using systematic search, this review was conducted based on Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocols (PRISMA-P). Several keywords, including "patient rights", "patient bills of rights" and "patients rights’ charter" were searched bilingually in the databases of SID, Magiran, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science from 2010 to 2021, and then, following a three-tier screening using the Critical Appraisal Skills Program (CASP) checklists, 76 articles were extracted. The degree of compliance with the Patients' Rights Charter (PRC) in healthcare organizations was 60.88% on average. As to the observance of the PRC dimensions, respectively, the highest and lowest scores were related to the "right to privacy and confidentiality" (70.16%) and "right to access an efficient complaining system" (53.01 %). Respect for patients' rights in organizations was assessed at a moderate level, and some aspects of patients' rights should be attended to immediately. Therefore, discrepancies in the dimensions of patients' rights and their implementation by organizations should be on the agenda of healthcare managers and policymakers.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document