The Impact of Host-states and Places Within Them on Diaspora Mobilizations

2021 ◽  
pp. 243-277
Author(s):  
Maria Koinova
Keyword(s):  
Trade Unions ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Clear Cut ◽  
Interest Representation ◽  
Methodological Nationalism ◽  
Units Of Analysis ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Field Perspective ◽  
The Impact

Closer focused on host-states in which diaspora entrepreneurs live, Chapter 10 presents a comparative discussion. The empirical chapters (4–9) have demonstrated that analysts cannot make clear-cut comparisons of host-states, unless considering a transnational social field perspective: the UK has been the hub for mobilization for Palestinians, France for Armenians, and Switzerland and Germany for Kosovo Albanians in Europe, apart from the US. The chapter argues that host-states are not to be treated as units of analysis for controlled comparisons but should be considered as contexts of embeddedness that empower diaspora entrepreneurs in specific ways. Such approach is in line with scholarly efforts to analyse beyond methodological nationalism. The chapter argues, while a diaspora entrepreneur’s contextual embeddedness is not powerful enough to explain the contentiousness of diaspora mobilizations, it shapes the socio-spatial positionality of individual diaspora entrepreneurs. The discussion focuses on three dimensions: migration incorporation regimes, systems of interest representation, and decentralization patterns of these host-states. Empirical evidence from the Albanian, Armenian, and Palestinian diasporas shows that diaspora entrepreneurs are shaped in their migrant integration experiences, engagement through federal vs unitary systems of states, with trade unions, host-land political parties, and protest politics. Also, certain places within these host-states, such as London and Sheffield in the UK, Berlin and Stuttgart in Germany, Malmö and Gothenburg in Sweden, The Hague in the Netherlands, Paris in France, and Zurich and Geneva in Switzerland, play an important role for diaspora mobilizations but do not explain their contentiousness.

Back to the Westminster model? The Brexit process and the UK political system

2021 ◽  
pp. 019251212096737
Author(s):  
Gianfranco Baldini ◽  
Edoardo Bressanelli ◽  
Emanuele Massetti
Keyword(s):  
Political System ◽  
Party System ◽  
Political Process ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Executive Power ◽  
The Political ◽  
Westminster Model ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Quantitative Indicators ◽  
The Impact

This article investigates the impact of Brexit on the British political system. By critically engaging with the conceptualisation of the Westminster model proposed by Arend Lijphart, it analyses the strains of Brexit on three dimensions developed from from Lijphart’s framework: elections and the party system, executive– legislative dynamics and the relationship between central and devolved administrations. Supplementing quantitative indicators with an in-depth qualitative analysis, the article shows that the process of Brexit has ultimately reaffirmed, with some important caveats, key features of the Westminster model: the resilience of the two-party system, executive dominance over Parliament and the unitary character of the political system. Inheriting a context marked by the progressive weakening of key majoritarian features of the political system, the Brexit process has brought back some of the traditional executive power-hoarding dynamics. Yet, this prevailing trend has created strains and resistances that keep the political process open to different developments.

Minimising medical litigation: a review of key tort and legal reforms

2009 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 179-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harold Tan
Keyword(s):  
Medical Malpractice ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Economic Sustainability ◽  
Legal Reforms ◽  
The Us ◽  
Tort System ◽  
Medical Litigation ◽  
Tort Reforms ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Impact

The traditional tort system in medical malpractice is increasingly perceived as being incapable of addressing the mismatch between claims and negligent injuries. Tort reforms have been introduced in various developed countries in an attempt to bring about greater fairness and economic sustainability in the compensation of medical injuries and to reduce the overall rate of medical litigation. This paper reviews the key tort reforms that have been used in various countries, notably the US and the UK, and discusses the arguments that had been put forth by advocates and opponents of such reforms. The impact of these tort reforms, where studied and available, is also reviewed and discussed in the paper.

Early Intervention

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Schillig
Keyword(s):  
Early Intervention ◽  
Financial Institutions ◽  
Financial Stability ◽  
Corrective Action ◽  
Viable Alternative ◽  
Prompt Corrective Action ◽  
Systemic Risks ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Impact

The Financial Stability Board recommended that all national supervisors should have the mandate and powers to identify risks and intervene early in order to prevent unsound practices and take appropriate measures to reduce the impact of potential stresses on financial institutions and to safeguard against systemic risks. Accordingly, the BRRD and SRM contain new powers for the competent authorities to intervene early before an institution’s financial and economic situation has deteriorated to a point where resolution is the only viable alternative. The chapter starts with some theoretical reflections, focusing on the incentives of the actors involved. It then discusses the early intervention framework under BRRD and SRM and national transposition in the UK and Germany. It also covers the US prompt corrective action framework and early remediation under Dodd–Frank.

Sources of Increasing Inequality

2021 ◽  
pp. 172-190
Author(s):  
Francis Teal
Keyword(s):  
Two Dimensions ◽  
Labour Markets ◽  
Living Standards ◽  
The Political ◽  
Poor Countries ◽  
Unskilled Labour ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Rich Countries ◽  
The Impact

While all the evidence we have points to the rising living standards for most of the very poorest, the wages of unskilled labour in poor countries remain a fraction of those in rich countries. Those potential workers are seen as a threat to the living standards of the unskilled in rich countries and the political impetus to limit their access to those labour markets has been, and remains, one of the most potent issue in the politics of rich countries. This aversion to immigration as a threat to the wages of the unskilled often transmutes into a hostility to trade, as goods, which use a lot of unskilled labour, can be imported more cheaply. Both immigration and trade are seen as a threat to the unskilled. Two dimensions of this threat are examined in this chapter—the impact of Chinese exports on wages in the US and the impact of immigration on the UK economy.

The Impact of Non-trading Periods on the Measurement of Volatility

2010 ◽  
Vol 13 (04) ◽  
pp. 607-620 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yaw-Huei Wang ◽  
Yu-Jen Hsiao
Keyword(s):  
Relevant Information ◽  
The Other ◽  
Day Trading ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The Us ◽  
Macro News ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Impact

Based upon the theory of the "arrival of news", the main purpose of this paper is to investigate the impact of non-trading periods on the measurement of volatility for the S&P 500, FTSE 100, and TAIEX indices. Using an adaptation of the GJR (1,1) model, we find that both weekday holiday periods and half-day trading periods have significant impacts on the estimation of volatility for the S&P 500 and FTSE 100 indices. On the other hand, weekends have significant impacts for the TAIEX index. Our findings imply that for the UK and US markets, much less relevant information is produced during weekends, while more relevant information continues to be produced during other types of non-trading periods. However, the weekend volatility of the Taiwan market is specially driven because the US macro news is announced on Fridays and the trading time of the US market is later than that of the Taiwan market without any overlapping.

Cost Impact of Switching Histamine2-Receptor Antagonists to Nonprescription Status

2002 ◽  
Vol 36 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 1135-1141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle D Furler ◽  
Mark S Rolnick ◽  
Kathleen S Lawday ◽  
Miranda W Mak ◽  
Thomas R Einarson
Keyword(s):  
Market Share ◽  
Insurance Coverage ◽  
Consumer Price Index ◽  
Population Data ◽  
Status Change ◽  
Prescribing Practices ◽  
Receptor Antagonists ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Impact

BACKGROUND: There is a recent trend to switching medications from prescription to nonprescription status. Often, such switches are accompanied by dramatic changes in utilization due to increased availability or decreased insurance coverage. The histamine2-receptor antagonists (H2RAs) underwent such status change in the UK in 1994, the US in 1995, and Canada in 1996. OBJECTIVE: To examine the impact of the status change for H2RAs on the market for gastrointestinal (GI) agents in the US, UK, and Canada. METHODS: IMS market sales data from 1992 to 1997 were procured. All costs were converted to 1997 US dollars using the consumer price index. Per capita sales figures were determined using population data from the US Census Bureau's International Database. RESULTS: Overall spending on GI remedies increased in all 3 markets between 1992 and 1997; however, the contribution of prescription sales and number of prescriptions varied across the 3 countries. An increased market share for nonprescription H2RAs occurred in the US, correlating with a decline in prescription numbers for GI remedies. The opposing trend occurred in the UK, where market share of nonprescription H2RAs was minimal and use of prescription H2RAs increased. Prescription and nonprescription H2RA sales could not be differentiated for Canada. CONCLUSIONS: The impact of the H2RA status change varied across countries. Differences in utilization may be attributed to many factors such as differing healthcare systems, patient convenience, and physician prescribing practices. Further research is required to identify the reasons for differences in utilization and to quantify the potential clinical impact.

The World Economy: The impact of rising oil prices and weak equity markets on global growth

2008 ◽  
Vol 205 ◽  
pp. 8-13
Author(s):  
Ray Barrell
Keyword(s):  
Central Bank ◽  
World Economy ◽  
Financial Innovation ◽  
Oil Prices ◽  
Output Growth ◽  
Sequence Of Events ◽  
The Us ◽  
The World ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Impact

In interesting times several things may happen simultaneously, and they may have connected roots. The financial turmoil that developed initially in the US banking sector had its roots in financial innovation that had made available cheap finance and increased demand for housing. This wave of low cost finance had spread to Europe, and house prices rose in a correlated way. The increase in demand in the world economy that resulted from strong growth in lending and high asset values helped raise output growth outside the OECD, and this in turn put upward pressure on oil prices. Markets sometimes work slowly, and the effects of the increase in demand on prices appear to be coming through just as the asset bubble is collapsing. The sequence of events was not inevitable, as low personal sector saving in the US and the UK as well as elsewhere could have been offset by tighter fiscal policy, and better prudential regulation of lenders would also definitely have helped. The desire to move financial regulation from the central bank, as in the UK, may have been for good, competition based, reasons, but it has meant that financial sector oversight has not taken account of the macroeconomic implications of a wave of lending that rested on risky financial innovation and therefore it has not properly addressed the issue of systemic risk (see Barrell and Davis, 2005). The resulting financial turmoil has meant that banks have made losses, and have been unable to trust each other's solvency when making deals. As a result three month interbank rates have risen well above central bank intervention rates, as can be seen in figure 1.

London

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Roberts
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Financial Services ◽  
Financial Regulation ◽  
Global Financial Crisis ◽  
Services Sector ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Global Financial Crisis ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Eu

At the onset of the Global Financial Crisis in 2007 London was one of the two foremost global financial centres, along with New York. London experienced a 12 per cent fall in wholesale financial services jobs in 2008–9, but a recovery got underway in 2010 and London’s wholesale financial services sector staged a wavering advance. But now there were new challenges, in particular the avalanche of financial regulation coming from the UK, the EU, the US and the G20. Fintech engendered new uncertainties. The impact of Brexit was uncertain, but mostly expected to be negative, at least in the short-term. Furthermore, there was growing competition from Asian and other financial centres. Nevertheless, London remained pre-eminent as one of the two largest global concentrations of wholesale financial services activity and at the top of the Global Financial Centres Index.

scholarly journals Assessment and Management of Dysphagia in Acute Stroke: An Initial Service Review of International Practice

Geriatrics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 4
Author(s):  
Carol A. Fairfield ◽  
David G. Smithard
Keyword(s):  
Acute Phase ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Post Stroke ◽  
Effortful Swallow ◽  
The Us ◽  
Screening Assessment ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Management Of Dysphagia ◽  
The Impact

The international approach to the assessment and management of dysphagia in the acute phase post stroke is little studied. A questionnaire was sent to clinicians in stroke services that explored the current practice in dysphagia screening, assessment, and management within the acute phase post stroke. The findings from four (the UK, the US, Canada, and Australia) of the 22 countries returning data are analysed. Consistent approaches to dysphagia screening and the modification of food and liquid were identified across all four countries. The timing of videofluoroscopy (VFS) assessment was significantly different, with the US utilising this assessment earlier post stroke. Compensatory and Postural techniques were employed significantly more by Canada and the US than the UK and Australia. Only food and fluid modification, tongue exercises, effortful swallow and chin down/tuck were employed by more than fifty percent of all respondents. The techniques used for assessment and management tended to be similar within, but not between, countries. Relationships were found between the use of instrumental assessment and the compensatory management techniques that were employed. The variation in practice that was found, may reflect the lack of an available robust evidence base to develop care pathways and identify the best practice. Further investigation and identification of the impact on dysphagia outcome is needed.

scholarly journals Variegated Europeanization and urban policy: Dynamics of policy transfer in France, Italy, Spain and the UK

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 227-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliet Carpenter ◽  
Moneyba González Medina ◽  
María Ángeles Huete García ◽  
Sonia De Gregorio Hurtado
Keyword(s):  
Urban Policy ◽  
Policy Transfer ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Sustainable Urban Development ◽  
Comparative Approach ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Member States ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Eu

This paper explores the dynamics of urban policy transfer in the European Union (EU), critically examining the process of Europeanization in relation to urban issues. The paper takes a comparative approach, analysing the evolution of urban policy and Europeanization in four member states: France, Italy, Spain and the UK from the 1990s up to the current Cohesion Policy period (2014–2020). Using an analytical framework based on three dimensions of Europeanization (direction, object and impact), we examine the extent to which urban policies are moving towards an integrated approach to sustainable urban development, as supported by the EU. The paper highlights the contradictions between processes of convergence through Europeanization, and path-dependent systems and trajectories that forge alternative paths. In doing so, it advances wider debates on the impact of Europeanization in a neo-liberal context by arguing that member states more likely to be affected by Europeanization are those most impacted by national austerity measures. A process of ‘variegated Europeanization’ is proposed to capture the differential practices taking place within the EU with regard to the circulation of the EU’s approach to urban policy.

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