On Urines
This chapter focuses on the group of illustrated case histories narrated in John’s On Urines. An introductory section on clinical narratives provides the necessary background and emphasizes that John’s clinical accounts had no counterpart in the Greek-speaking world after Galen. It is argued that John’s case histories could function as didactic material for readers with specialist knowledge, while at the same time they could be used as self-promotional material to impress the specialist and non-specialist alike with the physician’s skills in diagnosing, prognostication, and his self-proclaimed ability to treat his patients successfully. The largest part of the chapter focuses on physician–patient encounters. It explores the significance of John’s acquaintance with the patients and the patient’s socio-economic background, but also their experience of the physician’s professional expertise. It is shown that the visual aspect of the urine vial constitutes a recurrent element of symbolic significance, which helps the patients decipher the physician’s actions and shows the latter’s awareness of the need for individualized patient care.