Māyā’s Role in the Absolute Realm

2020 ◽  
pp. 94-122
Author(s):  
Gopal K. Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Internal Energy ◽  
Full Knowledge ◽  
The Absolute ◽  
Nuanced Understanding

This chapter explores māyā’s role in the absolute realm that is said to be a transformation of yoga-māyā, Kṛṣṇa’s internal energy, meaning the realm in which Kṛṣṇa personally resides along with his loving associates: those souls that want to live in full knowledge and remembrance of Kṛṣṇa (sambandha), that have chosen loving devotional service (bhakti) as the means (abhidheya), and that have found complete fulfillment and unlimited joy in unconditionally dedicating themselves to Kṛṣṇa’s happiness (prayojana). However, before journeying into that divine realm, this chapter first develops a nuanced understanding of the term bhakti. The chapter concludes that in the context of Kṛṣṇa’s līlā, māyā serves not as the potency of delusion, but rather as the energy that reconnects finite souls with the divine play of Kṛṣṇa. Instead of forgetting God, the souls now forget that he is God, so that they may play their role in relationship with him. Indeed, Kṛṣṇa himself voluntarily submits to the power of yoga-māyā, losing himself in this divine drama, thus increasing the intensity and intimacy of his devotees’ love for him.

scholarly journals Thermomechanical constraints and constitutive formulations in thermoelasticity

2003 ◽  
Vol 2003 (4) ◽  
pp. 153-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Baek ◽  
A. R. Srinivasa
Keyword(s):  
Internal Energy ◽  
Lagrange Multiplier ◽  
Temperature Response ◽  
Deformation Energy ◽  
Absolute Temperature ◽  
Affine Function ◽  
Temperature Constraint ◽  
The Absolute ◽  
Helmholtz Potential

We investigate three classes of constraints in a thermoelastic body: (i) a deformation-temperature constraint, (ii) a deformation-entropy constraint, and (iii) a deformation-energy constraint. These constraints are obtained as limits of unconstrained thermoelastic materials and we show that constraints (ii) and (iii) are equivalent. By using a limiting procedure, we show that for the constraint (i), the entropy plays the role of a Lagrange multiplier while for (ii) and (iii), the absolute temperature plays the role of Lagrange multiplier. We further demonstrate that the governing equations for materials subject to constraint (i) are identical to those of an unconstrained material whose internal energy is an affine function of the entropy, while those for materials subject to constraints (ii) and (iii) are identical to those of an unstrained material whose Helmholtz potential is affine in the absolute temperature. Finally, we model the thermoelastic response of a peroxide-cured vulcanizate of natural rubber and show that imposing the constraint in which the volume change depends only on the internal energy leads to very good predictions (compared to experimental results) of the stress and temperature response under isothermal and isentropic conditions.

scholarly journals WHO IS MY NEIGHBOUR? THE DUTY OF CARE IN THE IMMIGRATION CONTEXT: A PERSPECTIVE FROM CANADIAN CASE LAW

2017 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 117
Author(s):  
Sasha Baglay
Keyword(s):  
Tort Law ◽  
Case Law ◽  
The State ◽  
Duty Of Care ◽  
Power Imbalance ◽  
Private Law ◽  
Absolute Power ◽  
Host State ◽  
The Absolute ◽  
Nuanced Understanding

This article reviews and analyzes recent Canadian jurisprudence on immigration-related torts, situating it in the context of the contrasting logic of immigration and tort law. Immigration law’s focus on the absolute power of the state to control admission directs courts away from the recognition of the duty of care. In contrast, tort law theory does not preclude the possibility of private law duties to non-citizens, especially in light of the absence of other effective remedies to address the power imbalance between the host state and the non-citizen. The article examines how these two narratives were negotiated in cases of alleged negligence in immigration processing. It problematizes certain aspects of the current construction of the duty of care towards non-citizens and offers some suggestions for a more nuanced understanding of the factors considered under the Anns/Cooper test. Dans cet article, l’auteure examine et analyse la jurisprudence canadienne récente des délits civils relatifs à l’immigration en la situant dans le contexte de la logique d’opposition du droit de l’immigration et du droit de la responsabilité civile délictuelle. Le droit de l’immigration, qui est centré sur le pouvoir absolu de l’État de contrôler l’admission d’immigrants, fait oublier aux tribunaux la reconnaissance du devoir de diligence. En revanche, la théorie du droit de la responsabilité civile délictuelle n’écarte pas la possibilité d’obligations de droit privé envers des non-nationaux, surtout en l’absence d’autres recours applicables pour résoudre le déséquilibre de pouvoir entre l’État d’accueil et le non-national. Dans cet article, l’auteure étudie la manière dont ces deux discours ont été conciliés dans des cas de négligence présumée dans le traitement de demandes d’immigration. L’auteure définit le problème que posent certains aspects de l’interprétation actuelle du devoir de diligence envers des non-nationaux et présente quelques idées permettant une compréhension nuancée des facteurs pris en compte dans la cause type Anns/Cooper.

Bulk standards for low-temperature biological x-ray microanalysis

1984 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 282-283
Author(s):  
P. Echlin ◽  
M. McKoon ◽  
E.S. Taylor ◽  
C.E. Thomas ◽  
K.L. Maloney ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phase Separation ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Analytical Method ◽  
Salt Solutions ◽  
Absolute Concentration ◽  
Cooling Process ◽  
X Ray ◽  
The Absolute ◽  
Analytical Procedures ◽  
Electrical Conductors

Although sections of frozen salt solutions have been used as standards for x-ray microanalysis, such solutions are less useful when analysed in the bulk form. They are poor thermal and electrical conductors and severe phase separation occurs during the cooling process. Following a suggestion by Whitecross et al we have made up a series of salt solutions containing a small amount of graphite to improve the sample conductivity. In addition, we have incorporated a polymer to ensure the formation of microcrystalline ice and a consequent homogenity of salt dispersion within the frozen matrix. The mixtures have been used to standardize the analytical procedures applied to frozen hydrated bulk specimens based on the peak/background analytical method and to measure the absolute concentration of elements in developing roots.

A Quantitative Ultrastructural Study of Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes Containing Parallel Tubular Arrays in Epstein-Barr Virus and Cytomegalo-Virus Mononucleosis

1981 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
pp. 454-455
Author(s):  
C. M. Payne ◽  
P. M. Tennican
Keyword(s):  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Lymphocyte Count ◽  
Epstein Barr Virus ◽  
Absolute Lymphocyte Count ◽  
Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes ◽  
Clinical State ◽  
Barr Virus ◽  
The Absolute ◽  
Epstein Barr ◽  
Tubular Arrays

In the normal peripheral circulation there exists a sub-population of lymphocytes which is ultrastructurally distinct. This lymphocyte is identified under the electron microscope by the presence of cytoplasmic microtubular-like inclusions called parallel tubular arrays (PTA) (Figure 1), and contains Fc-receptors for cytophilic antibody. In this study, lymphocytes containing PTA (PTA-lymphocytes) were quantitated from serial peripheral blood specimens obtained from two patients with Epstein -Barr Virus mononucleosis and two patients with cytomegalovirus mononucleosis. This data was then correlated with the clinical state of the patient.It was determined that both the percentage and absolute number of PTA- lymphocytes was highest during the acute phase of the illness. In follow-up specimens, three of the four patients' absolute lymphocyte count fell to within normal limits before the absolute PTA-lymphocyte count.In one patient who was followed for almost a year, the absolute PTA- lymphocyte count was consistently elevated (Figure 2). The estimation of absolute PTA-lymphocyte counts was determined to be valid after a morphometric analysis of the cellular areas occupied by PTA during the acute and convalescent phases of the disease revealed no statistical differences.

Multimode light microscopy and fluorescence-based reagents as tools for the study of chemical and molecular dynamics of living cells and tissues

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 418-419
Author(s):  
D. L. Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Living Cells ◽  
Cellular Level ◽  
Molecular Techniques ◽  
Cellular Functions ◽  
Macromolecular Assemblies ◽  
Cell Functions ◽  
Molecular Events ◽  
Yield Information ◽  
Full Knowledge ◽  
Structural Methods

Cells function through the complex temporal and spatial interplay of ions, metabolites, macromolecules and macromolecular assemblies. Biochemical approaches allow the investigator to define the components and the solution chemical reactions that might be involved in cellular functions. Static structural methods can yield information concerning the 2- and 3-D organization of known and unknown cellular constituents. Genetic and molecular techniques are powerful approaches that can alter specific functions through the manipulation of gene products and thus identify necessary components and sequences of molecular events. However, full knowledge of the mechanism of particular cell functions will require direct measurement of the interplay of cellular constituents. Therefore, there has been a need to develop methods that can yield chemical and molecular information in time and space in living cells, while allowing the integration of information from biochemical, molecular and genetic approaches at the cellular level.

Polarity Determination in Sphalerite and Wurtzite Structures

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 500-501
Author(s):  
Stuart McKernan ◽  
C. Barry Carter
Keyword(s):  
Opposite Polarity ◽  
Single Domain ◽  
Polar Material ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Dynamical Interaction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Polarity Determination ◽  
The Absolute ◽  
Microscopic Techniques

The determination of the absolute polarity of a polar material is often crucial to the understanding of the defects which occur in such materials. Several methods exist by which this determination may be performed. In bulk, single-domain specimens, macroscopic techniques may be used, such as the different etching behavior, using the appropriate etchant, of surfaces with opposite polarity. X-ray measurements under conditions where Friedel’s law (which means that the intensity of reflections from planes of opposite polarity are indistinguishable) breaks down can also be used to determine the absolute polarity of bulk, single-domain specimens. On the microscopic scale, and particularly where antiphase boundaries (APBs), which separate regions of opposite polarity exist, electron microscopic techniques must be employed. Two techniques are commonly practised; the first [1], involves the dynamical interaction of hoLz lines which interfere constructively or destructively with the zero order reflection, depending on the crystal polarity. The crystal polarity can therefore be directly deduced from the relative intensity of these interactions.

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