The Economics of Health in Brazil

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Carlos Coelho Campino ◽  
Maria Dolores Montoya Diaz ◽  
Flavia Mori Sarti
Keyword(s):  
Health System ◽  
Population Characteristics ◽  
Historical Background ◽  
Health Coverage ◽  
Current State ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
Economics Of Health ◽  
Research Population ◽  
State Of Research ◽  
Brazilian Health System

This chapter examines the historical background to the Brazilian health system and analyzes its characteristics from an economic perspective, considering the magnitude and evolution of inequities in health outcomes and the utilization of health services provided through universal health coverage policies in Brazil during recent decades. It also looks at questions regarding financial protection provided to the population by the Brazilian health system, and challenges for the future. The analysis encompasses information on the current state of research, population characteristics, attributes of the health system, evidence on health disparities, and challenges relating to the management of health care in the country. Demographic transition has compelled the country toward an incomplete epidemiological transition, marked by the coexistence of infectious diseases (traditional unresolved illnesses and emerging maladies) and chronic non-communicable diseases derived from technological advances and income growth (obesity, diabetes, hypertension, among others), without benefits from sustainable economic development.

scholarly journals The Brazilian health system at crossroads: progress, crisis and resilience

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. e000829 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adriano Massuda ◽  
Thomas Hone ◽  
Fernando Antonio Gomes Leles ◽  
Marcia C de Castro ◽  
Rifat Atun
Keyword(s):  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Health System ◽  
Health Resources ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Health Financing ◽  
Healthcare Services ◽  
Health Coverage ◽  
Structural Problems ◽  
Political Crises ◽  
Brazilian Health System

The Unified Health System (Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS)) has enabled substantial progress towards Universal Health Coverage (UHC) in Brazil. However, structural weakness, economic and political crises and austerity policies that have capped public expenditure growth are threatening its sustainability and outcomes. This paper analyses the Brazilian health system progress since 2000 and the current and potential effects of the coalescing economic and political crises and the subsequent austerity policies. We use literature review, policy analysis and secondary data from governmental sources in 2000–2017 to examine changes in political and economic context, health financing, health resources and healthcare service coverage in SUS. We find that, despite a favourable context, which enabled expansion of UHC from 2003 to 2014, structural problems persist in SUS, including gaps in organisation and governance, low public funding and suboptimal resource allocation. Consequently, large regional disparities exist in access to healthcare services and health outcomes, with poorer regions and lower socioeconomic population groups disadvantaged the most. These structural problems and disparities will likely worsen with the austerity measures introduced by the current government, and risk reversing the achievements of SUS in improving population health outcomes. The speed at which adverse effects of the current and political crises are manifested in the Brazilian health system underscores the importance of enhancing health system resilience to counteract external shocks (such as economic and political crises) and internal shocks (such as sector-specific austerity policies and rapid ageing leading to rise in disease burden) to protect hard-achieved progress towards UHC.

The SS in heavy metal lyrics

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 359-374 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henning Pieper
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Time Span ◽  
Historical Background ◽  
Accurate Analysis ◽  
Current State ◽  
State Of Research ◽  
Over Time

The article seeks to examine why heavy metal bands used history and imagery associated with the ‘Schutzstaffel’ (SS). This includes the reasons for the focus on this particular organization as well as the intentions behind it: are compositions about historical facts or rather fictitious topics, that is, are they an accurate analysis, a provocation or just entertainment? The article takes a closer look at the historical background and the content of the songs; it also questions the awareness of the criminal character of the SS displayed by the musicians. The time span covered by the songs in question reaches from the mid-1980s to the early 2000s. Thus, it can be asked if the attitude of musicians changed over time and if they included the current state of research in their lyrics.

The Promise of Eye-Tracking Methodology in Organizational Research: A Taxonomy, Review, and Future Avenues

2017 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 590-617 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Meißner ◽  
Josua Oll
Keyword(s):  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Integrative Taxonomy ◽  
Widespread Application ◽  
Organizational Research ◽  
Current State ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
Prior Literature ◽  
Scope Of Application ◽  
State Of Research ◽  
Organizational Science

Technological advances in recent years have greatly lowered the barriers for using eye tracking (ET) as a research tool in laboratory and field settings. However, despite its potential and widespread application in other disciplines, the use of ET in organizational research remains sparse. This article therefore aims to introduce ET, and thus a new mode of behavioral data, to the field of organizational research. Based on a synthesis of prior literature, we propose an integrative taxonomy that unravels the methodological potential of ET as well as its scope of application. Building on our proposed taxonomy, we systematically review the use of ET in leading management journals and reflect on the current state of research. We further illustrate future avenues for ET in the domains of strategic management, entrepreneurship, and human resources to contribute to the method’s future dissemination and to the advancement of organizational science as well.

Endovascular management of ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysms and acute aortic dissections

VASA ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-46
Author(s):  
Stephen Hofmeister ◽  
Matthew B. Thomas ◽  
Joseph Paulisin ◽  
Nicolas J. Mouawad
Keyword(s):  
Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms ◽  
Rapid Identification ◽  
Aortic Aneurysms ◽  
Endovascular Interventions ◽  
Current State ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
Abdominal Aortic ◽  
Ruptured Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms ◽  
Vascular Emergencies ◽  
Aortic Dissections

Abstract. The management of vascular emergencies is dependent on rapid identification and confirmation of the diagnosis with concurrent patient stabilization prior to immediate transfer to the operating suite. A variety of technological advances in diagnostic imaging as well as the advent of minimally invasive endovascular interventions have shifted the contemporary treatment algorithms of such pathologies. This review provides a comprehensive discussion on the current state and future trends in the management of ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysms as well as acute aortic dissections.

Culturally Responsive Pedagogy in Mathematics

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 145-158
Author(s):  
Kenta Nagasawa
Keyword(s):  
Professional Development ◽  
Teacher Education ◽  
Culturally Responsive ◽  
Latino Students ◽  
Culturally Responsive Pedagogy ◽  
Mathematics Teacher Education ◽  
Development Program ◽  
Current State ◽  
Responsive Pedagogy ◽  
State Of Research

Purpose: This paper is a thematic literature review to examine the current state of research about Culturally Responsive Pedagogy in mathematics. The main themes are students’ perception, teacher education for pre-service teacher and professional development for teachers. Research methods/ approach: Literature was collected from Eric, which is a research engine of the education field. Also, Google Scholar is used to find articles of major scholars introduced by Dr. Rich Milner, who is the instructor of this course. Findings: Students faced microaggressions in mathematics class, which discouraged them to learn mathematics. The effect of teacher education was inconsistent in terms of the awareness of culturally responsive pedagogy and lesson plans. Research of professional development mentioned that mathematics was cultural. Implications for research and practice: It is more interesting to conduct long term or follow-up research to find the teacher’s practice after a taking professional development program. Also, it is critical to expand research scope besides African American and Latino students. Finally, evidence-based research is needed to change the political situation. Keywords: culturally responsive teaching, mathematics, teacher education, professional development, student’s perception

TERRITORY OF VICHEVA SQUARE AND PROBLEMS OF ITS ARCHITECTURAL RENOVATION

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (2) ◽  
pp. 214-219
Author(s):  
Kryvoruchko O. ◽  
◽  
Plesnytskyi D. ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Historical Background ◽  
Current State

The article is devoted to the historical features of the formation of Vicheva Square in Lviv and its current state. The work focuses on the historical background of the square planning, its development during Soviet times and degradation as space nowadays. The main tasks are architectural approaches and ways of the renovation of the area.

Editorial

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
João José Pinto Ferreira ◽  
Anne-Laure Mention ◽  
Marko Torkkeli
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Education Research ◽  
Research And Development ◽  
Research Integrity ◽  
Academic Community ◽  
Human Knowledge ◽  
Academic Institutions ◽  
Current State ◽  
State Of Research ◽  
Successive Generations

The expansion of human knowledge in all areas is largely the outcome of the activity of academic institutions and the result of their mission to contribute to the cultural, intellectual and economic development of the society, involving education, research and university extension activities. For many years, the academic community has been organizing itself in all different ways to respond to current and future needs, ensuring research integrity and recognition, and building on successive generations of peers to validate and support the launching and development of novel research streams. We owe the current state of research and development of our society to generations of scholars and scientists that have brought all of us here.(...)

ORGANOPHOSPHORUS NEUROTOXINS

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariya Andriyanova ◽  
Aslanli Aslanli ◽  
Nataliya Basova ◽  
Viktor Bykov ◽  
Sergey Varfolomeev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crop Protection ◽  
Chemical Warfare Agents ◽  
Agricultural Crop ◽  
Current State ◽  
Physicochemical Biology ◽  
Chemical Agents ◽  
Warfare Agents ◽  
History Of ◽  
Physicochemical Methods ◽  
State Of Research

The collective monograph is devoted to discussing the history of creation, studying the properties, neutralizing and using organophosphorus neurotoxins, which include chemical warfare agents, agricultural crop protection chemical agents (herbicides and insecticides) and medicines. The monograph summarizes the results of current scientific research and new prospects for the development of this field of knowledge in the 21st century, including the use of modern physicochemical methods for experimental study and theoretical analysis of biocatalysis and its mechanisms based on molecular modeling with supercomputer power. The book is intended for specialists who are interested in the current state of research in the field of organophosphorus neurotoxins. The monograph will be useful for students, graduate students, researchers specializing in the field of physical chemistry, physicochemical biology, chemical enzymology, toxicology, biochemistry, molecular biology and genetics, biotechnology, nanotechnology and biomedicine.

scholarly journals Health needs: a temporary analysis of the social representations of the concept

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
M Winckler ◽  
F Zioni ◽  
G Johson
Keyword(s):  
Political Participation ◽  
Health System ◽  
Social Representations ◽  
Public Policies ◽  
Civil Society Organizations ◽  
Health Needs ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Right ◽  
Brazilian Health System ◽  
Universal Health

Abstract Background This study aims to analyse the social representations of health needs in a Brazilian municipality, questioning the capacity that public policies developed and implemented by the Brazilian Health System (SUS) had to meet these needs. Methods Qualitative case study in which the data were analysed by: 1) the Health Needs Taxonomy (Matsumoto, 1999), as an instrument for assessing health needs, formatting the interview guide and organizing the empirical data; 2) the Theory of Social Representations (Jovchelovitch, 2000), to capture health needs; 3) Content Analysis (Bardin, 2004), as an instrument of analysis and comparison of perceived needs. The methodological path used was the same in the two moments in which this research is based (2009 and 2016). The entire municipal territory was analyzed and 26 representatives of civil society organizations were interviewed. Results Based on the results given, we state that health is a permanent and timeless need, but the mediations for its satisfaction have changed historically. The interface between quantitative indicators and subjectivity in assessing needs reveals the authoritarian architecture of its decision-making process, which has ruined the necessary democracy for prioritising and meeting those needs. The asymmetrical relationships present in the Brazilian society have both undermined the collective character of health needs and promoted the distance between who care and who are cared for. Most of the priorities listed by the interviewees in 2009 remain composing the social context of the municipality in 2016. Conclusions The challenges for comprehensive health care remain critical given both the decrease in popular political participation and in institutional spaces, which leads to the annulment of the right to a universal health. Interdisciplinary and participatory diagnostics remain essential to understand the complexity of social changes and the challenges for the consolidation of meeting health needs. Key messages The capacity that public policies developed and implemented by the Brazilian Health System (SUS) had to meet these needs. The challenges for meeting health needs remain critical given both the decrease in political participation and in institutional spaces, which leads to the annulment of the right to a universal health.

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