Prisons

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Perry Zurn
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Analysis ◽  
Harm Reduction ◽  
Structural Violence ◽  
Feminist Methodology ◽  
Conceptual Frameworks ◽  
Philosophical Work ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Alternative Strategies ◽  
Feminist Work

This chapter offers an account of central issues and themes in feminist philosophical work on prisons, examples of important contributions, and future directions for feminist work in the field. It does so, however, in a way that consciously deploys a feminist methodology that resists the replication of hierarchical norms and structural violence in the very doing of theory and history. In this spirit, it emphasizes the record of struggle across the prison’s history, the resistance efforts that live behind individual academic theories, and the conceptual frameworks generated by groups bearing the brunt of carcerality, and it investigates alternative strategies of harm reduction developed across those communities. The chapter closes with an explicit exploration of prison abolitionism, which works not only to radically rethink punishment but also to shift the locus of voice and leadership. In so doing, the chapter aims to review, as much as to create anew, a feminist theoretical analysis of prisons.

scholarly journals Hoots and harm reduction: a qualitative study identifying gaps in overdose prevention among women who smoke drugs

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Geoff Bardwell ◽  
Tamar Austin ◽  
Lisa Maher ◽  
Jade Boyd
Keyword(s):  
Harm Reduction ◽  
Illicit Drugs ◽  
Structural Violence ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Overdose Prevention ◽  
Polysubstance Use ◽  
Reduction Strategies ◽  
Prevention Interventions ◽  
Negative Health Outcomes ◽  
Mixed Gender

Abstract Background Smoking or inhaling illicit drugs can lead to a variety of negative health outcomes, including overdose. However, most overdose prevention interventions, such as supervised consumption services (SCS), prohibit inhalation. In addition, women are underrepresented at SCS and are disproportionately impacted by socio-structural violence. This study examines women’s experiences smoking illicit drugs during an overdose epidemic, including their utilization of a women-only supervised inhalation site. Methods Qualitative research methods included on-site ethnographic observation and semi-structured interviews with 32 participants purposively recruited from the women-only site. Data were coded and analyzed using NVivo 12 and thematic analysis was informed by gendered and socio-structural understandings of violence. Results Participants had preferences for smoking drugs and these were shaped by their limited income, inability to inject, and perceptions of overdose risk. Participants expressed the need for services that attend to women’s specific experiences of gendered, race-based, and structural violence faced within and outside mixed-gender social service settings. Results indicate a need for sanctioned spaces that recognize polysubstance use and drug smoking, accommodated by the women-only SCS. The smoking environment further fostered a sociability where participants could engage in perceived harm reduction through sharing drugs with other women/those in need and were able to respond in the event of an overdose. Conclusions Findings demonstrate the ways in which gendered social and structural environments shape women’s daily experiences using drugs and the need for culturally appropriate interventions that recognize diverse modes of consumption while attending to overdose and violence. Women-only smoking spaces can provide temporary reprieve from some socio-structural harms and build collective capacity to practice harm reduction strategies, including overdose prevention. Women-specific SCS with attention to polysubstance use are needed as well as continued efforts to address the socio-structural harms experienced by women who smoke illicit drugs.

Pragmatism

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erin McKenna ◽  
Maurice Hamington
Keyword(s):  
Care Ethics ◽  
Feminist Philosophy ◽  
Intellectual Tradition ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
American Pragmatism ◽  
Jane Addams ◽  
Utopian Thinking ◽  
History Of ◽  
American Intellectual ◽  
Feminist Work

This chapter offers an account of central issues and themes in feminist philosophical engagements with the uniquely American intellectual tradition often referred to as American pragmatism. After introducing pragmatism, the foundational feminist work and influence of Jane Addams is presented, followed by a discussion of other noteworthy contributors to feminist pragmatism. Significant themes in feminist pragmatism including race and identity, epistemology, care ethics, utopian thinking, and environmentalism are explored. The chapter addresses the extent to which feminist work has changed or entered the mainstream of the American pragmatism, as well as current and future directions of feminist pragmatism. In addition to offering a history of the development of feminist pragmatism, the chapter considers how feminism is a resource for pragmatism and how pragmatism is a resource for feminist philosophy.

scholarly journals Immunotherapy in gastroesophageal cancers: Current state and future directions

2020 ◽  
pp. 107815522096353
Author(s):  
Hira Shaikh ◽  
Amir Kamran ◽  
Dulabh K Monga
Keyword(s):  
Patient Outcomes ◽  
Molecular Targeted Therapy ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Cell Cycle Checkpoints ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Alternative Strategies ◽  
Current State ◽  
Dismal Prognosis ◽  
The World ◽  
Improve Patient

While gastroesophageal (GE) cancers are one of the most common cancers worldwide, unfortunately, the mortality remains high. Commonly used treatment options include surgical resection, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and molecular targeted therapy, which improve survival only minimally; thus, affirming the dire need for exploring alternative strategies to improve patient outcomes. Immunotherapy, which has revolutionized the world of oncology, has somewhat lagged behind in GE malignancies. Tumor-associated microenvironment and regulatory T cells, alongside cell cycle checkpoints, have been proposed by various studies as the mediators of carcinogenesis in GE cancers. Thus, inhibition of each of these could serve as a possible target of treatment. While the approval of pembrolizumab has provided some hope, it is not enough to override the dismal prognosis that this disease confers. Herein, we discuss the prospects of immunotherapy in this variety of cancer.

scholarly journals The Mechanical Bidomain Model: A Review

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bradley J. Roth
Keyword(s):  
Cell Membrane ◽  
Theoretical Analysis ◽  
Cardiac Tissue ◽  
Elastic Behavior ◽  
Bidomain Model ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Open Questions ◽  
Model Predictions ◽  
Tissue Surface ◽  
Primary Advantage

The mechanical bidomain model is a new mathematical description of the elastic behavior of cardiac tissue. Its primary advantage over previous models is that it accounts for forces acting across the cell membrane arising from differences in the displacement of the intracellular and extracellular spaces. In this paper, I describe the development of the mechanical bidomain model. I emphasize new predictions of the model, such as the existence of boundary layers at the tissue surface where the membrane forces are large, and pressure differences between the intracellular and extracellular spaces. Although the theoretical analysis is quite mathematical, I highlight the types of experiments that could be used to test the model predictions. Finally, I present open questions about the mechanical bidomain model that may be productive future directions for research.

Health promotion among Latino adults: Conceptual frameworks, relevant pathways, and future directions.

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 83-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leticia Arellano-Morales ◽  
John P. Elder ◽  
Erica T. Sosa ◽  
Barbara Baquero ◽  
Carmela Alcántara
Keyword(s):  
Health Promotion ◽  
Conceptual Frameworks ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Latino Adults

New Feminist Work on Knowledge, Reason and Objectivity

Hypatia ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 140-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Ruddick
Keyword(s):  
Political Commitment ◽  
Social Character ◽  
Philosophical Work ◽  
The Social ◽  
Linda Alcoff ◽  
Feminist Epistemologies ◽  
Feminist Work

The contributors to two new anthologies A Mind of One's Own: Feminist Essays on Reason and Objectivity (edited by Louise Antony and Charlene Witt) and Feminist Epistemologies (edited by Linda Alcoff and Elizabeth Potter) are philosophers for whom feminism is an intellectual as well as political commitment and they produce original, valuable feminist and philosophical work. I focus on differences between the anthologies and on two themes: the social character of knowledge and the allegedly oppressive “masculinism” of epistemological ideals.

Islamic Ritual

2020 ◽  
pp. 539-554
Author(s):  
Richard Gauvain
Keyword(s):  
Religious Identity ◽  
Cohesive Force ◽  
Social Hierarchies ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Alternative Strategies ◽  
Study Section ◽  
Political Realities ◽  
Enduring Power

This chapter begins by introducing readers to the five “pillars of Islam” (arkan al-Islam), as well as to other essential aspects of Islamic ritual (section 1). By so doing, it recognizes the enduring power of these rituals, in particular, to provide all Muslims—despite their differences in historical, socio-cultural and political realities—with a shared sense of religious identity. The following section (2) nuances this presentation of Islamic ritual as intrinsically a cohesive force, which necessarily relies heavily on canonical Sunni legal sources and authorities, by exploring five alternative strategies to ritual: Shi’i, esoteric, folk, rationalist, and reformist. Thereafter, it briefly discusses the potential of Islamic ritual in a variety of sources and contexts to both reflect and generate social hierarchies (section 3). It concludes by reflecting on Western scholarly approaches to Islamic ritual and by suggesting future directions for its study (section 4).

Feminist Philosophy of Human Rights

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana Tietjens Meyers
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Global Justice ◽  
Feminist Philosophy ◽  
Bodily Integrity ◽  
Philosophical Work ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Feminist Theories ◽  
Global North ◽  
The Right ◽  
Feminist Practice

This chapter offers an account of central issues and themes in feminist philosophical work on human rights, including examples of important contributions to this discussion, as well as current and future directions. Major feminist theories of the grounding of human rights are presented together with feminist critiques of human rights as a basis for feminist practice. Genocidal rape and the right to bodily integrity, the right to care and the care drain from the Global South to the Global North, and the feminization of poverty in the context of global justice are discussed in detail. Issues concerning women’s agency within diverse cultural contexts punctuate these discussions.

Analytical Feminist Ethics

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samantha Brennan
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Analysis ◽  
Feminist Ethics ◽  
Analytical Philosophy ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Normative Analysis ◽  
Tools And Techniques ◽  
Feminist Work ◽  
Ethics Reflection

Feminist ethics is that branch of ethics that is concerned first and foremost with understanding the oppression of women and developing a normative analysis of its wrongness. Analytical feminist ethics uses the tools and techniques of analytical philosophy, such as conceptual analysis, to further understand the injustices revealed by feminist approaches to ethics. The chapter surveys analytic themes, trends, and tendencies within feminist ethics taking a broad lens on what counts. The chapter offers an account of central issues and themes in analytic feminist philosophical engagements with ethics, reflection on examples of important contributions to this discussion, a discussion the extent to which feminist work has changed or entered the mainstream of the field, and current and future directions in analytic feminist ethics.

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