Start-Ups’ Exit Strategies in the Market for Technology

2019 ◽  
pp. 221-243
Author(s):  
Hakki Doğan Dalay ◽  
Andrea Fosfuri
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
The Other ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Commercial Success ◽  
Specific Focus ◽  
Exit Strategies ◽  
Market For Technology ◽  
Entrepreneurial Decision ◽  
Start Ups

Technology start-ups face tough odds in their journey to commercial success. A key consideration in entrepreneurial decision making is whether and when to find a collaboration partner, in the form of an acquirer. The same decision also applies to the other side of the table, as buyers have to decide whether and when to engage in technology acquisitions through collaborations with start-ups. This chapter looks at the literature that uncovered some of the factors around the key decision of the timing of a collaboration, with specific focus on technology start-ups that also possess patents. For start-ups possessing patents, the recent development of markets for technology offers more opportunities to engage in collaboration and bring their ideas to fruition. The chapter discusses directions for future research in the conclusion.

Entrepreneurial decision-making: new conceptual perspectives

2019 ◽  
Vol 58 (7) ◽  
pp. 1283-1300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaylee De Winnaar ◽  
Frances Scholtz
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Business Environment ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Conceptual Approach ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Business Environments ◽  
Theoretical Perspectives ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
Entrepreneurial Decision

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to call for inclusion of alternative but complementary conceptual perspectives in entrepreneurial decision-making theory and practice. Design/methodology/approach A conceptual approach, drawing on two sets of theoretical perspectives relating to decision making of entrepreneurs, is adopted. Findings The paper presents a conceptual framework of entrepreneurial decision making utilising the intersection between a metacognitive model of the entrepreneurial mindset and the recognition-primed decision-making theory. The paper argues that the convergence of these theoretical viewpoints provides a selection of decision-making processes for entrepreneurs in an uncertain business environment. Practical implications Decision-making models and tools are available to entrepreneurs; however, the relevance and applicability are restrained by the complexity and uncertainty of business environments in which entrepreneurs operate. New and more inclusive conceptual perspectives are required to improve the accuracy of decision making. Originality/value The study offers a framework that integrates two diverse theoretical dimensions of entrepreneurial decision making. The findings of this study provide direction for practice and for future research on entrepreneurial decision making. The paper intends to encourage researchers to support a new combined theoretical approach and to help practitioners better understand the reasons for entrepreneurial decision failure.

scholarly journals Leiten oder leiten lassen? Gesprächsanalytische Beobachtungen zur interaktiven Aushandlung der Leitungsfunktion im Klassenrat

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-104
Author(s):  
Nadine Nell-Tuor ◽  
Nina Haldimann
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Interaction Analysis ◽  
The Other ◽  
School Life ◽  
Leadership Responsibility ◽  
Teaching Format ◽  
Specific Focus ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
The One ◽  
Do So

Abstract The class council is a teaching format which takes place regularly, aiming at the teacher stepping back from his/her conventional role as the organizing authority in order to allow the students to participate directly in decision-making processes concerning their everyday school life. This format results in a unique interactional constellation among the participants. In this article, we explore this interactional constellation from the perspective of conversation and interaction analysis. On the basis of videographies of class council sessions in which students and teachers occupy different participation roles, we ask how those roles are negotiated interactively. With a specific focus on the teacher and the moderator (student), we ask to what extent the teacher is able to delegate leadership responsibility among the group. It is shown that teachers are only partly able to do so. Often, teachers influence the interaction on a multimodal level. The challenge of organizing the class council lies in the need for the participants to accomplish different (and in part incompatible) interactional orders: on the one hand, teachers as well as students have to consider their specific participation roles; on the other hand, their participation roles are framed institutionally and cannot easily be changed.

scholarly journals Organizational Structure and Its Influence on Decision-Making

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 489-507
Author(s):  
Ainara Alícia Varjão dos Santos ◽  
Theophilo Alves De Souza Filho ◽  
Haroldo De Sá Medeiros ◽  
Rosália Maria Passos da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Public Administration ◽  
Ethical Decision ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
The Other ◽  
Management Decision ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Management Decision Making ◽  
Publication Time ◽  
Related Theme

This research aimed, through a bibliometric analysis, to generate a Bibliographic Portfolio of articles submitted for aligning organizational matters and taking public administration. National and international literature was used in order to contribute and facilitate the investigation of future research on the related theme. For the analysis, the Proknow-C methodology was used, with a publication time limit of 20 years, from 1999 to 2019, using Scopus, Web of Science and Spell as databases. A research resulted in the construction of a portfolio containing 4 research articles that shown alignment with the topic. Two articles aimed to build models to optimize management decision making in the complex environment of applicable technologies and resources, while the other articles analyze the decision making process, one article related to structured ethical decision and the other to public participation in decision making in four different countries. The content of the Bibliographic Portfolio allows a direction for future research, allowing the development of theoretical bases on the articles that stood out in the research.

scholarly journals EFFECTUATION VS. CAUSATION: CAN ESTABLISHED FIRMS USE START-UP DECISION-MAKING PRINCIPLES TO STAY INNOVATIVE?

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (01) ◽  
pp. 2050002 ◽  
Author(s):  
PASCAL HENNINGER ◽  
ALEXANDER BREM ◽  
FERRAN GIONES ◽  
PETER M. BICAN ◽  
CHRISTINE WIMSCHNEIDER
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Alternative Mechanism ◽  
Entrepreneurship Research ◽  
Start Up ◽  
Willingness To Change ◽  
Entrepreneurial Decision ◽  
Established Firms ◽  
High Flexibility ◽  
Start Ups ◽  
A Company

More and more, established companies try to cooperate with start-ups, build their own, or try to imitate their mindsets. But, do they make decisions like expert entrepreneurs? Effectuation theory describes entrepreneurial decision-making, it has been popular in entrepreneurship research for the last two decades, but still underexplored in contexts such as established company’s decision-making. Therefore, this study answers the question of which factors affect the use of effectuation in established companies. Furthermore, the current use of the start-up decision-making principle is investigated. The research results show a higher use of effectuation over causation (alternative mechanism) in established companies. However, decision-making principles like “Mean orientation” and “Contingency orientation” are still dominated by causation. Identified factors for implementing effectuation in established companies are divided into six categories. In particular, effectuation requires a high flexibility and willingness to change goals. Using the already available means and resources of a company to pursue new goals, is another argument for using effectuation. Additionally, a more open and transparent culture, encouraging the identification and admittance of mistakes, also supports the use of effectuation. Based on this research, established companies should be able to understand better on which factors the implementation of effectuation depends and where it makes sense to use it.

scholarly journals THE ENTREPRENEURIAL DECISION MAKING: USE OF EFFECTUATION AND RELATION WITH PERCEIVED FINANCIAL PERFORMANCEAND INNOVATION IN THE FIRM

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-22
Author(s):  
Subeika Rizvi ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Financial Performance ◽  
Small Firms ◽  
Important Variable ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Snowball Sampling ◽  
Research Areas ◽  
Mature Phase ◽  
Entrepreneurial Decision ◽  
Relationship Of

During the start of the venture entrepreneurs rely on a number of techniques and strategies to make decisions. Effectuation and causation are important modes of this decision making process. The theory on effectuation is advancing from an early to a mature phase globally thus it’s important to understand its dimensions and their influence on the firm’s performance. This study explores the use of this effectual logic in micro and small firms operating in Pakistan and its influence on the financial performance and level of innovation in these firms. Although few researches have been focused on the antecedents and dependents of effectuation but none have arrived at a consensus on the appropriate variables. In Pakistan, as it’s a relatively new concept although being applied, there is all the more need to assess the nature of effect these variables could have on some of the important outcomes of the firm. This research contributes to existing literature by providing relationship of effectuation with, another important, variable of innovation in the firm. In this empirical study, a sample of 166 micro and small firm entrepreneurs was used all operating businesses within Pakistan. A survey, through a questionnaire, was conducted using snowball sampling. Findings indicate that use of effectuation is positively correlated with both higher perceived financial performance and level of innovation employed in the firms. Also not all effectual constructs have uniform influence on the variables which explains the formative nature of the logic of effectuation. A few implications of this study and future research areas have also been identified.

Bringing in the “Other Side”: New Scholarship on the Vietnam Wars

2001 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 77-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fredrik Logevall
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Vietnam War ◽  
The Other ◽  
Future Research ◽  
The South ◽  
International Context ◽  
International History ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Vietnam War ◽  
Effective Use

The literature on the Vietnam War is large and getting larger. Much of it is ex-traordinarily valuable to students of the conflict. Until recently, however, the literature suffered from a U.S.-centric focus and a tendency to look solely at decision making in Washington. Too few studies have placed U.S. decision making into its wider international context;fewer still have given a voice to the “other side,” the Vietnamese who fought so long and hard to defeatfirst the French and then the South Vietnamese government and its American al-lies. The picture is beginning to change, however, and this article examines several new books that illuminate the Vietnamese side. Although many of the most important findings in these works come not from Vietnamese docu-mentary sources but from Western archives and publications, the authors ap-pear to have made effective use of what Vietnamese material is available. The volumes are worthy entries in the international history of the Indochina wars, and they help set the agenda for future research.

A Bird in the Hand Isn’t Good for Long

2018 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Scherbaum ◽  
Simon Frisch ◽  
Maja Dshemuchadse
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Cognitive Control ◽  
The Other ◽  
Decision Task ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Additional Time ◽  
Control Processes ◽  
Folk Wisdom ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
Insight Into

Abstract. Folk wisdom tells us that additional time to make a decision helps us to refrain from the first impulse to take the bird in the hand. However, the question why the time to decide plays an important role is still unanswered. Here we distinguish two explanations, one based on a bias in value accumulation that has to be overcome with time, the other based on cognitive control processes that need time to set in. In an intertemporal decision task, we use mouse tracking to study participants’ responses to options’ values and delays which were presented sequentially. We find that the information about options’ delays does indeed lead to an immediate bias that is controlled afterwards, matching the prediction of control processes needed to counter initial impulses. Hence, by using a dynamic measure, we provide insight into the processes underlying short-term oriented choices in intertemporal decision making.

Mental Contrasting of Future and Reality

2010 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 138-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriele Oettingen ◽  
Doris Mayer ◽  
Babette Brinkmann
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Everyday Life ◽  
Brief Intervention ◽  
Middle Level ◽  
The Other ◽  
Metacognitive Strategy ◽  
Mental Contrasting ◽  
Low Expectations

Mental contrasting of a desired future with present reality leads to expectancy-dependent goal commitments, whereas focusing on the desired future only makes people commit to goals regardless of their high or low expectations for success. In the present brief intervention we randomly assigned middle-level managers (N = 52) to two conditions. Participants in one condition were taught to use mental contrasting regarding their everyday concerns, while participants in the other condition were taught to indulge. Two weeks later, participants in the mental-contrasting condition reported to have fared better in managing their time and decision making during everyday life than those in the indulging condition. By helping people to set expectancy-dependent goals, teaching the metacognitive strategy of mental contrasting can be a cost- and time-effective tool to help people manage the demands of their everyday life.

Prophetic Leadership Model: Conceptualizing a Prophet’s Leadership Behaviour, Leader-Follower Mutuality and Altruism to Decision Making Quality

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 93
Author(s):  
Nik Maheran Nik Muhammad
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Social Network ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Complex Function ◽  
Spiritual Leadership ◽  
Leadership Theory ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Leadership Model ◽  
Leadership Behaviour ◽  
Current Leadership

This article advocates that research is lacking on the connection between leadership theory and social network theory. To date, little empirical research has been conducted on leadership and social networks. Thus, the proposition of this article goes beyond traditional leadership models to advocate for a fuller and more integrative focus that is multilevel, multi-component and interdisciplinary, while recognizing that leadership is a complex function of both the organisational leaders and the followers who perform tasks, all of which subsequently leads to decision making qualities. Indeed, the current leadership model focuses on leadership behaviour and the ability to gain followers mutuality, to achieve decision making quality involving the integration of leadership and social network theories. Given the apparent mutable palette of contemporary leadership theory, this emergent construct of the leadership paradigm can expand the poles of the leadership continuum and contribute to a richer and deeper understanding of the relationships and responsibilities of leaders and followers as they relate to decision making qualities. This new construct, which is termed prophetic leadership, explores the literature of the life experiences of the prophet in the ‘Abrahamic Faith’ religion. Drawing on a priori links between the personality trait and spiritual leadership that has recently garnered the interest of scholars, the present study asserts a normative leadership theory that links the personal quality of a leader, posture and principal (based on the Prophet’s leadership behaviour) to synergy and decision making quality. Altruism is proposed to enhance relationships between leadership behaviour and decision making quality. For future research, much work needs to be done specifically aiming to (a) achieve greater clarity of construct definitions, (b) address measurement issues, and (c) avoid construct redundancy.

Prophetic Leadership Model: Conceptualizing a Prophet’s Leadership Behaviour, Leader-Follower Mutuality and Altruism to Decision Making Quality

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 93
Author(s):  
Nik Maheran Nik Muhammad
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Social Network ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Complex Function ◽  
Spiritual Leadership ◽  
Leadership Theory ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Leadership Model ◽  
Leadership Behaviour ◽  
Current Leadership

This article advocates that research is lacking on the connection between leadership theory and social network theory. To date, little empirical research has been conducted on leadership and social networks. Thus, the proposition of this article goes beyond traditional leadership models to advocate for a fuller and more integrative focus that is multilevel, multi-component and interdisciplinary, while recognizing that leadership is a complex function of both the organisational leaders and the followers who perform tasks, all of which subsequently leads to decision making qualities. Indeed, the current leadership model focuses on leadership behaviour and the ability to gain followers mutuality, to achieve decision making quality involving the integration of leadership and social network theories. Given the apparent mutable palette of contemporary leadership theory, this emergent construct of the leadership paradigm can expand the poles of the leadership continuum and contribute to a richer and deeper understanding of the relationships and responsibilities of leaders and followers as they relate to decision making qualities. This new construct, which is termed prophetic leadership, explores the literature of the life experiences of the prophet in the ‘Abrahamic Faith’ religion. Drawing on a priori links between the personality trait and spiritual leadership that has recently garnered the interest of scholars, the present study asserts a normative leadership theory that links the personal quality of a leader, posture and principal (based on the Prophet’s leadership behaviour) to synergy and decision making quality. Altruism is proposed to enhance relationships between leadership behaviour and decision making quality. For future research, much work needs to be done specifically aiming to (a) achieve greater clarity of construct definitions, (b) address measurement issues, and (c) avoid construct redundancy.

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