Feeding and Eating Disorders

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Talya Feldman ◽  
Cristin D. Runfola ◽  
James Lock
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Eating Disorder ◽  
Dialectical Behavior Therapy ◽  
Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Cognitive Remediation ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Dissemination And Implementation ◽  
Feeding And Eating Disorders ◽  
Randomized Controlled Studies ◽  
Family Based

Eating disorders are severe, life-threatening psychological disorders that frequently manifest in children and adolescents. This chapter provides an overview of the prevalence, epidemiology, assessment, and treatment of the six child and adolescent feeding and eating disorders covered by the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders: pica, rumination disorder, avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder, anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, binge-eating disorder, and other specified feeding or eating disorder. Existing research is limited, but the most evidenced treatments, depending on disorder, are applied behavioral analysis; individualized behavior plans; family-based therapy; cognitive behavioral therapy; and self-help. Given the limited number of randomized controlled studies and the moderate (at best) recovery rates, future research should investigate possible adjunctive treatments (i.e., cognitive remediation therapy, dialectical behavior therapy); adaptations for specific populations; and dissemination and implementation improvements (i.e., phone or Internet delivered interventions).

Eating Disorders

2014 ◽  
pp. 391-409
Author(s):  
Robyn Sysko ◽  
G. Terence Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Eating Disorder ◽  
American Psychiatric Association ◽  
Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Pharmacological Treatments ◽  
Statistical Manual ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
Not Otherwise Specified ◽  
Dsm Iv

The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV; American Psychiatric Association, 1994) describes two eating disorder diagnoses, anorexia nervosa (AN) and bulimia nervosa (BN). Provisional criteria are also provided in DSM-IV for binge eating disorder (BED), which is an example of an eating disorder not otherwise specified. This chapter presents a summary and synthesis of research related to the clinical features and treatment of AN, BN, and BED, including studies of prevalence, common comorbidities, and treatment efficacy. Both psychological and pharmacological treatments are reviewed, including cognitive-behavioral therapy, interpersonal psychotherapy, family therapy, and the use of antidepressant medications. Recommendations are made for future research across the eating disorders.

Psychopharmacology in the Treatment of Eating Disorders

2018 ◽  
pp. 384-403
Author(s):  
Lindsay J. Moskowitz ◽  
Benson Ku ◽  
Shervin Shadianloo ◽  
Victor M. Fornari
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Anorexia Nervosa ◽  
Eating Disorder ◽  
Bulimia Nervosa ◽  
Binge Eating ◽  
Binge Eating Disorder ◽  
Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Mood Stabilizers ◽  
United States Food ◽  
Family Based

Given the high morbidity and mortality rates associated with eating disorders (EDs), many studies have examined the use of medications to treat these disorders. However, with the exception of fluoxetine (for those 12 years and older with bulimia nervosa) and lisdexamfetamine (for adults with moderate-to-severe binge eating disorder), no other medications have been approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration to treat any eating disorder. This article will review many of the positive and negative studies for use of medication in the treatment of eating disorders, including anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, atypical anorexia nervosa, avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder, and binge eating disorder. Various classes of medication will be reviewed, including antidepressants, antipsychotics, mood stabilizers, and anxiolytics. Although the information in this article is important in the education of both patients and their parents, medications should be used cautiously in those with EDs. It should be emphasized that to date, therapy—family-based therapy and enhanced cognitive behavioral therapy—is the mainstay of treatment, with nutrition therapy and correction of malnutrition as the crucial first step in treatment.

Interpersonal Psychotherapy for the Treatment of Eating Disorders

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natasha L. Burke ◽  
Anna Karam ◽  
Marian Tanofsky-Kraff ◽  
Denise E. Wilfley
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Clinical Care ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Interpersonal Psychotherapy ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Dissemination And Implementation ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Future Research Directions

Interpersonal psychotherapy (IPT) is a focused, time-limited treatment that targets interpersonal problem(s) associated with the onset and/or maintenance of eating disorders. It is supported by substantial empirical evidence documenting the role of interpersonal factors in the onset and maintenance of eating disorders. Interpersonal psychotherapy is a viable alternative to cognitive-behavioral therapy for the treatment of bulimia nervosa and binge eating disorder. The effectiveness of IPT for the treatment of anorexia nervosa requires further investigation. The utility of IPT for the prevention of obesity is promising. Future research directions include enhancing the delivery of IPT for eating disorders, increasing the availability of IPT in routine clinical care settings through dissemination and implementation efforts, exploring IPT adolescent and parent-child adaptations in diverse and high-risk groups, and further exploring IPT for the prevention of eating and weight-related problems that may promote full-syndrome eating disorders or obesity.

Management and treatment of feeding and eating disorders

2020 ◽  
pp. 1087-1095
Author(s):  
Susan L. McElroy ◽  
Anna I. Guerdjikova ◽  
Nicole Mori ◽  
Paul L. Houser ◽  
Paul E. Keck
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Anorexia Nervosa ◽  
Eating Disorder ◽  
Behavioural Therapy ◽  
Lisdexamfetamine Dimesylate ◽  
Interpersonal Therapy ◽  
Feeding And Eating Disorders ◽  
Cognitive Behavioural ◽  
Weight Restoration ◽  
Family Based

This chapter reviews the management and treatment of feeding and eating disorders. The cornerstone of managing anorexia nervosa (AN) is refeeding, nutritional rehabilitation, and weight restoration. Evidence of efficacy is strongest for family-based psychotherapy for adolescents with AN. Other forms of psychotherapy have less evidence of efficacy. No medication has regulatory approval for the treatment of AN; agents with possible efficacy are zinc, olanzapine, and dronabinol. For bulimia nervosa, there is evidence of efficacy for cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT), interpersonal therapy (IPT), antidepressants, and topiramate. For binge eating disorder, there is evidence of efficacy for CBT, IPT, lisdexamfetamine dimesylate, topiramate, and antidepressants. Less is known about the management and treatment of pica, rumination disorder, avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder, and other specified feeding or eating disorders. As feeding and eating disorders often co-occur with medical and other psychiatric disorders, the management and treatment of these conditions must also be addressed.

Eating Disorders

2010 ◽  
pp. 387-405 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robyn Sysko ◽  
G. Terence Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Eating Disorder ◽  
American Psychiatric Association ◽  
Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Pharmacological Treatments ◽  
Statistical Manual ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
Not Otherwise Specified ◽  
Dsm Iv

The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV; American Psychiatric Association, 1994) describes two eating disorder diagnoses, anorexia nervosa (AN) and bulimia nervosa (BN). Provisional criteria are also provided in DSM-IV for binge eating disorder (BED), which is an example of an eating disorder not otherwise specified. This chapter presents a summary and synthesis of research related to the clinical features and treatment of AN, BN, and BED, including studies of prevalence, common comorbidities, and treatment efficacy. Both psychological and pharmacological treatments are reviewed, including cognitive-behavioral therapy, interpersonal psychotherapy, family therapy, and the use of antidepressant medications. Recommendations are made for future research across the eating disorders.

Body Dysmorphic Disorder and Eating Disorders

2017 ◽  
pp. 112-125
Author(s):  
Danyale McCurdy-McKinnon ◽  
Jamie D. Feusner
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Body Image ◽  
Eating Disorder ◽  
Disordered Eating ◽  
Body Dysmorphic Disorder ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Body Image Concern ◽  
Core Feature ◽  
Visuospatial Processing

This chapter addresses the comorbid presentation of body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) and disordered eating. BDD affects approximately 2% of the population and involves perceived defects of appearance along with obsessive preoccupation and repetitive, compulsive-like behaviors. The prevalence of comorbid BDD and eating disorders is high: Approximately one–third of those with BDD will have a comorbid eating disorder, and almost half of those with an eating disorder will have comorbid BDD. There are complicating diagnostic and treatment factors that arise when an individual experiences both. A core feature of these disorders is body image concern, which may be explained by both shared and unique aberrancies in visual and visuospatial processing that have neurobiological underpinnings. Understanding shared and unique pathophysiology may help inform and guide treatment, as well as open up lines of future research into their etiology.

Imaging of feeding and eating disorders

2020 ◽  
pp. 1075-1086
Author(s):  
Natalie Kurniadi ◽  
Christina E. Wierenga ◽  
Laura A. Berner ◽  
Walter H. Kaye
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Diffusion Tensor ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Neural Pathways ◽  
Eating Behaviours ◽  
Feeding And Eating Disorders ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
And Diffusion

The conceptual framework regarding the aetiology of eating disorders (EDs) has changed dramatically in recent decades. Cutting-edge neuroimaging techniques have led to advancements in understanding the underlying neurobiology of anorexia nervosa (AN), bulimia nervosa (BN), and binge eating disorder (BED). Techniques such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), positron emission tomography (PET), and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) allow the opportunity to examine not only structural, but also functional, abnormalities that contribute to extreme eating behaviours characteristic of these life-threatening disorders. Furthermore, research using imaging paradigms suggests that variations in neurobiology are associated with traits that persist after recovery. This chapter will provide insights regarding neural pathways involved in the processing of appetite, reward, mood, body perception, and cognitive inhibition as they pertain to EDs. Findings relevant to feeding disorders will also be discussed. Conclusions will include considerations of treatment applications and directions for future research.

Feminist-Informed Protective Factors for Subthreshold Eating Disorders

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (10) ◽  
pp. 1546-1560
Author(s):  
Emily C. Wacker ◽  
Megan L. Dolbin-MacNab
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Grounded Theory ◽  
Eating Disorder ◽  
Protective Factors ◽  
Theory Model ◽  
Constructivist Grounded Theory ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Sociocultural Context ◽  
Research And Practice ◽  
Tangible Support

Despite knowledge that the larger sociocultural context contributes to the development of eating disorders, few studies have examined protective factors for women with subthreshold eating disorders. Using feminist-informed constructivist grounded theory methodology, 15 women (ages 18–25 years) with subthreshold eating disorders were interviewed. Results suggest that participants spoke of their subthreshold eating disorders in an externalized way and used protective factors to guide decision making toward their preferred values. A grounded theory model was developed to illustrate this process. Protective factors included (a) people who provide emotional and tangible support, (b) support people who challenge the eating disorder, (c) personal sense of agency, and (d) community activism and involvement. Participants experiencing subthreshold eating disorders demonstrated a capacity to distinguish their own thoughts and values from those of the “eating disorder voice,” and protective factors facilitated this process. Implications for future research and practice are discussed.

Cognitive-Behavior Therapy With Eating Disorders: The Role of Medications in Treatment

2007 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wayne A. Bowers ◽  
Arnold E. Andersen
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Anorexia Nervosa ◽  
Eating Disorder ◽  
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Bulimia Nervosa ◽  
Binge Eating ◽  
Binge Eating Disorder ◽  
Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Combined Treatment ◽  
Comprehensive Treatment

Cognitive-behavioral therapy has demonstrated efficacy in the treatment of bulimia nervosa, but there is less empirical data on its usefulness with anorexia nervosa or binge-eating disorder. The use of cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) is recommended as the first line of treatment for bulimia nervosa and strongly recommended in combination when medications alone have not been effective. Combined treatment also improves symptoms such as anxiety, depression, and dietary restriction. Empirical studies support the usefulness of CBT with binge-eating disorder and suggest higher remission rates with combined treatment. No single psychotherapy or medicine alone is effective in treating anorexia nervosa. CBT is typically used as part of a comprehensive treatment program with nutritional rehabilitation and prudent use of medication. Both CBT and medication may have benefits in maintaining gains for anorexia nervosa patients after inpatient treatment. More research on CBT alone and in combination with medication is needed to adequately understand the respective roles of these therapies in a comprehensive treatment of eating disorders.

scholarly journals What is OSFED? The predicament of classifying ‘other’ eating disorders

BJPsych Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zoe M. Jenkins ◽  
Serafino G. Mancuso ◽  
Andrea Phillipou ◽  
David J. Castle
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Anorexia Nervosa ◽  
Eating Disorder ◽  
Binge Eating ◽  
Treatment Seeking ◽  
Clinical Feature ◽  
Dsm 5 ◽  
Feeding And Eating Disorders ◽  
Dsm Iv

The transition from DSM-IV to DSM-5 relaxed diagnostic criteria for anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa, and recognised a third eating disorder, binge eating disorder. However, a large proportion of cases remain in the ill-defined category of ‘other specified feeding and eating disorders’. We sought to investigate the utility of a proposed solution to classify this group further, subdividing based on the dominant clinical feature: binge eating/purging or restraint. Cluster analysis failed to identify clusters in a treatment-seeking sample based on symptoms of restraint, binge eating, purging and over-evaluation of shape and weight. Further investigation of this highly heterogeneous group is required.

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