scholarly journals The Commodification of Knowledge and Information

2018 ◽  
pp. 378-400
Author(s):  
Tomás Rotta ◽  
Rodrigo Teixeira
Keyword(s):  
Average Cost ◽  
Marxist Theory ◽  
Current Debate ◽  
Immaterial Labor ◽  
Value Of Knowledge ◽  
Cost Approach ◽  
Empirical Estimates ◽  
Reproduction Cost ◽  
Commodification Of Knowledge

This entry presents an analysis of the commodification of knowledge and information in contemporary capitalism. We provide a consistent account of how information as a commodity effects the workings of both capitalism and of Marxist theory. The first part of the chapter critically revisits Marx’s own writings on the commodification of knowledge and how the immaterial labor hypothesis initially interpreted these writings. Based on the new categories knowledge-commodity and knowledge-rent, we then present our own approach in response to the challenges raised by the immaterial labor hypothesis. Lastly, there is an analysis of the more recent contributions on the commodification of knowledge and information within the Marxist literature. The current debate on the value of knowledge has been divided between two camps: the reproduction cost approach and the average cost approach. Finally, there is a look at empirical estimates of the magnitudes of knowledge-rents.

scholarly journals Imperialism and the Question of System Stability

2018 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-51
Author(s):  
Marcelo Fernandes
Keyword(s):  
Political Stability ◽  
Great Powers ◽  
Marxist Theory ◽  
System Stability ◽  
Current Debate ◽  
World Peace ◽  
Economic Stability ◽  
Central Idea ◽  
Capitalist System ◽  
Private Corporations

Abstract One of the main controversies within the Marxist theory of imperialism centres on the capacity of the capitalist system to organise itself economically and politically. Ultimately, this argument is linked to the notion of system stability: the end of economic crises, and lasting world peace. The famous polemic between Lenin and Kautsky in the early 20th century about whether capitalism could be peacefully managed by the great powers and private corporations that compete for global wealth persists in much of the current debate. Some authors emphasise economic stability, while others highlight political stability, using terms such as globalisation, transnational capital and Empire, but the central idea remains that of a more disciplined capitalist system. This implies that the Marxist concepts of interstate competition and imperialism have become outdated. This article examines the Marxist literature on imperialism which holds that capitalism has become more organised, to the point of overcoming the rivalries between the great powers. It concludes that the argument that capitalism has reached a degree of organisation which invalidates the concept of imperialism is questionable and does not recognise some fundamental features of the capitalist system.

Suicidal Ideation and Self-Determination in Institutionalized Elderly

Crisis ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrée Fortin ◽  
Sylvie Lapierre ◽  
Jacques Baillargeon ◽  
Réal Labelle ◽  
Micheline Dubé ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Self Determination ◽  
Current Debate ◽  
Elderly Persons ◽  
Rational Suicide ◽  
Institutionalized Elderly ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Social Subscale ◽  
Civil Status ◽  
The Right ◽  
Taking Action

The right to self-determination is central to the current debate on rational suicide in old age. The goal of this exploratory study was to assess the presence of self-determination in suicidal institutionalized elderly persons. Eleven elderly persons with serious suicidal ideations were matched according to age, sex, and civil status with 11 nonsuicidal persons. The results indicated that suicidal persons did not differ from nonsuicidal persons in level of self-determination. There was, however, a significant difference between groups on the social subscale. Suicidal elderly persons did not seem to take others into account when making a decision or taking action. The results are discussed from a suicide-prevention perspective.

Exploration-Stage Implementation Variation

2014 ◽  
Vol 222 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie Romney ◽  
Nathaniel Israel ◽  
Danijela Zlatevski
Keyword(s):  
Parent Training ◽  
Average Cost ◽  
Cost Savings ◽  
Training Group ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Triple P ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Parent Training Program ◽  
A Site ◽  
The Cost

The present study examines the effect of agency-level implementation variation on the cost-effectiveness of an evidence-based parent training program (Positive Parenting Program: “Triple P”). Staff from six community-based agencies participated in a five-day training to prepare them to deliver a 12-week Triple P parent training group to caregivers. Prior to the training, administrators and staff from four of the agencies completed a site readiness process intended to prepare them for the implementation demands of successfully delivering the group, while the other two agencies did not complete the process. Following the delivery of each agency’s first Triple P group, the graduation rate and average cost per class graduate were calculated. The average cost-per-graduate was over seven times higher for the two agencies that had not completed the readiness process than for the four completing agencies ($7,811 vs. $1,052). The contrast in costs was due to high participant attrition in the Triple P groups delivered by the two agencies that did not complete the readiness process. The odds of Triple P participants graduating were 12.2 times greater for those in groups run by sites that had completed the readiness process. This differential attrition was not accounted for by between-group differences in participant characteristics at pretest. While the natural design of this study limits the ability to empirically test all alternative explanations, these findings indicate a striking cost savings for sites completing the readiness process and support the thoughtful application of readiness procedures in the early stages of an implementation initiative.

World Economic Crisis and Scenarios of Post-crisis Development: Marxist Analysis

2009 ◽  
pp. 119-132
Author(s):  
A. Buzgalin ◽  
A. Kolganov
Keyword(s):  
State Regulation ◽  
Marxist Theory ◽  
Financial Capital ◽  
Late Capitalism ◽  
World Crisis ◽  
Social Interests ◽  
Marxist Analysis ◽  
World Economic ◽  
First World ◽  
World Economic Crisis

Implications of the modern Marxist theory create the opportunity to show the inevitability, the reasons and the main features of the first world crisis of the XXI century. It has been generated by deregulation of economy, which caused the ‘classical’ crisis of overproduction, and by the new contradictions of late capitalism, in particular, by persistent over-accumulation of capital and by the excessive development of the transactional sector, of the fictitious financial capital and its isolation from the real sector. Marxist analysis of social interests and contradictions shows that anti-crisis measures require not only increasing of state regulation, but also determining on behalf of whom and in the interests of what social groups this regulation will be realized. The authors propose to do this on behalf of the financial capital and in the interests of citizens, but also formulate the neoconservative scenario of post-crisis development.

Economic effects of monetary policy in Russia: What do large datasets tell us?

2020 ◽  
pp. 31-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna A. Pestova ◽  
Natalia A. Rostova
Keyword(s):  
Monetary Policy ◽  
Interest Rate ◽  
Interest Rates ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Global Financial Crisis ◽  
Exchange Rate Regime ◽  
Aggregate Demand ◽  
Economic Effects ◽  
Theoretical Concepts ◽  
Empirical Estimates

Is the Bank of Russia able to control inflation and, at the same time, manage aggregate demand using its interest rate instruments? In other words, are empirical estimates of the effects of monetary policy in Russia consistent with the theoretical concepts and experience of advanced economies? This paper is aimed at addressing these issues. Unlike previous research, we employ “big data” — a large dataset of macroeconomic and financial data — to estimate the effects of monetary policy in Russia. We focus exclusively on the period after the 2008—2009 global financial crisis when the Bank of Russia announced the abandoning of its fixed ruble exchange rate regime and started to gradually transit to an interest rate management. Our estimation results do not confirm standard responses of key economic activity and price variables to tightening of monetary policy. Specifically, our estimates do not reveal a statistically significant restraining effect of the Bank of Russia’s policy of high interest rates on inflation in recent years. At the same time, we find a significant deteriorating effect of the monetary tightening on economic activity indicators: according to our conservative estimates, each of the key rate increases occurred in March and December 2014 had led to a decrease in the industrial production index by about 0.2 percentage points within a year.

Karl Marx’s Legacy: The Historical Overview

2007 ◽  
pp. 87-103
Author(s):  
R. Nureev
Keyword(s):  
Marxist Theory ◽  
Neoclassical Economic ◽  
Historical Overview ◽  
Economic Theories ◽  
The Future ◽  
History Of ◽  
Western Marxism

The article is devoted to the history of reception and interpretation of the ideas of Marx and Engels. The author considers the reasons for divergence between Marxist and neoclassical economic theories. He also analyzes the ways of vulgarization of Marx’s theory and the making of Marxist voluntarism. It is shown that the works of Marx and Engels had a certain potential for their over-simplified interpretations. The article also considers academic ("Western") Marxism and evaluates the prospects of Marxist theory in the future.

PENERAPAN KURIKULUM 2013 DALAM MENINGKATKAN KETERAMPILAN, SIKAP, DAN PENGETAHUAN

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 389
Author(s):  
Otang Kurniaman ◽  
Eddy Noviana
Keyword(s):  
Action Research ◽  
Learning Outcomes ◽  
Learning Process ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Student Knowledge ◽  
Learning Materials ◽  
Value Of Knowledge ◽  
The Third ◽  
Self Confidence ◽  
Classroom Action Research

Implementation of the 2013 curriculum is very different from the previous curriculum, there are still many obstacles that we know greatly affect the learning outcomes, both in terms of media used, the assessment in the 2013 curriculum is more complicated than the previous curriculum then the methods used to convey the learning materials that want to be taught not effective or even incompatible with the material to be conveyed. This research method is a classroom action research conducted in improving the learning process, with four meetings. The assessment taken in this study is an evaluation evaluation of each meeting in the form of attitudinal value, value of knowledge and skill value based on teacher's book on theme 4 "Healthy is Important" with sub theme 1 "Importance of Health and Environment". On the attitudes that appear attitude of self-confidence, curiosity and independence Already entrusted by 20.68% confidence, and curiosity while mandated 6.2% lower because students are still not familiar with the implementation of the curriculum 2013. Results of student knowledge seen the development in excellent value at the first meeting of 36.4%, at the second meeting decreased to 30.3%, while at the third meeting experienced a 52.25% increase again. While on the results of these students' skills on four meetings emerged every meeting with a very good category at the first meeting of 18.1%, at the second meeting increased to 27.3%, the third meeting decreased to 20.68%, while at the fourth meeting increased again by 65.62%.

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