Russkoye Bogatstvo (Russian Wealth): Narodniki’s Magazine and the World Economic Crisis of 2020

Russia was proud of Russkoye Bogatstvo (Russian Wealth) magazine for a long while. It was among the most reputable and influential periodicals in the country. Not only had many Russians known of the magazine, but they were also its dedicated readers. On the one hand, the interest in Russkoye Bogatstvo could have been justified by the excellent selection of its authors among the best Russian writers and scientists. On the other hand, its publishers were Russias most famous critics, publicists, and outstanding literary figures recognized in the cultural and scientific circles. The magazine publications stood out due to their excellent style and availability for people of various social levels: both educated readers and those without profound knowledge of literature, science, and arts. The readers pool included older and experienced people and very young students. Later, the name of the magazine became a symbol of the great intellectual wealth of Russia.

Démonok az aranykorban - A foglalkoztatási környezet és a gazdasági aktivitás alakulása a világjárvány előtt

Magyarországon az elmúlt évtized második fele bizonyos értelemben "aranykornak" tekinthető. Ekkorra a gazdaság már kilábalt a kétezres évek végén ránk tört világgazdasági válságból, ugyanakkor konjunkturális haladás indult el. Ezzel szoros összefüggésben a munkaerőpiacon folytatódtak a kedvező fejlemények. A mostani évtized nyitásakor ránk támadt koronavírus okozta egészségügyi világjárvány mélyen érinti a gazdasági-társadalmi viszonyainkat. Elemzésünkben arra vállalkozunk, hogy az említett aranykor demográfiai, gazdasági, továbbá munkaerő-piaci főbb tényezőit számba vegyük, annak érdekében, hogy ezen tényezők válság utáni helyzetének, alakulásának látásához egyfajta lehetséges támasztékot, bázist adjunk. Emellett éppen az egészségügyi járvány, illetve annak hatásai majdani elemzése érdekében, mintegy természetes módon kiemelten foglalkozunk a válság előtti időszak lakossági egészségességi állapotának egyes főbb jellemzőivel.In Hungary, the second part of the latest decade can in some sense called a „golden era”. By this time, the economy had recovered from the world economic crisis burst out in the late 2000s, and conjunctural development started. In close relation to this, favourable improvements appeared on the labour market. The world pandemic caused by Corona virus having attacked us at the opening of this decade is having a deep impact on our socio-economic circumstances. In this analysis, I undertake to consider the main demographic, economic and labour market factors of the mentioned golden era in order to provide a base for the picture of the evolution of these elements after the crisis. In addition, exactly for the sake of the future analyzation of the crisis and its impacts, I highlight the main characteristics of the people’s health conditions before the crisis.

Towards a Sustainable Reset in the EU. What Comes After the Lisbon Strategy, EUROPE 2020 and ... COVID-19?

The aim of the paper is to present and compare the three major European Union (EU) strategies/instruments designed to promote the dynamic economic development of the EU. Since the beginning of the 21st century, the EU has clearly demonstrated its ambitions related to economic growth, competitiveness and sustainability. Despite the progressive ideas reflected in the Lisbon Strategy, its limitations have logically resulted in only partial success. The 2008 world economic crisis has led to important changes, reflected in the Europe 2020 Strategy, but – despite certain progress – no spectacular success was seen. 2020 will not be remembered as the closing year of the Europe 2020 Strategy, but as the (first) year of the world-wide shock caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. The changes caused by this shock can be seen in EU actions, as well: the Next Generation EU instrument is an innovation that could not have been imagined without such a shock. The paper discusses the potential ways of changes of the EU’s approach to the objectives of economic growth, competitiveness and sustainability as a result of the COVID-19 shock.

Strategi Usaha Menengah Kecil Dan Mikro Bertahan Di Era Pandemi-19

Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) are one of the businesses that really support economic activity, especially in conditions of the world economic crisis due to the Covid-19 pandemic. The increase in MSMEs shows how this sector is still a mainstay for the people's economy. The economic turnover is clearly visible in this sector. This is in line with the information conveyed by the Director General of Small and Medium Industry of the Ministry of Industry Euis Saedah that the prospects for small business businesses are still very good, given the very large population in Indonesia, around 250 million people. This research uses the literature study method, where the librarian study is all the efforts made by the researcher to gather information that is relevant to the topic or problem to be or is being researched. Email marketing is the most effective way to build connections with potential customers and turn them into loyal customers. Email marketing is also a personal way to communicate with customers.

CORPORATISM: RECENT APPROACHES TO THE HISTORICAL ANALYSIS OF THE ITALIAN FASCIST CORPORATIVE SYSTEM

The article deals with some new approaches the fascist corporative system by modern italians historians the fascist corporative system - theory and practice of the organisation of society. The italian corporatism is analysing equally the others teories and practices to get over difficulties of the world economic crisis 1929-1933, regarding historical perspectives of the economic regulation within capitalist system.

THE WAY UKRAINIANS LEARNT THE CZECH LANGUAGE IN CZECHOSLOVAKIA OR UKRAINIAN INTERWAR IMMIGRATION IN THE NEW LINGUISTIC FIELD (1918-1939)

The phenomenon of cross-linguistic homonymy is the result of closely related languages’ interaction, confusing the same or similar sounding words which have different meanings in different languages. The Ukrainian immigrant community in the interwar Czechoslovakia is no exception. The life of the people of Ukrainian origin in the interwar Czechoslovakia can be conditionally divided into four periods. The first one dates back to 1918-1921 when the detachments of Ukrainian Galicia Army entered the territory of the First Czechoslovak Republic: “Hirska Brygada”, “Stary Tabir”, “Hlyboka”, “Krukenychy”. This first period for the people of Ukrainian origin in the interwar First Czechoslovak Republic is characterized by the lack of interest in learning the Czech language in general as far as most of the campers, who had conversational fluency in German and Polish, were waiting for settling the status of Eastern Galicia, the fate of the Western Ukrainian People’s Republic and solving the conflict in Cieszyn Silesia. The second period dates back to 1921-1925 when the majority of antibolshevik immigration arrived in the interwar First Czechoslovak Republic. Especially this period is characterized by the active learning of the Czech language. The immigrants had two ways of mastering the language. The official way was acquiring the high education in the Czech and Ukrainian educational establishments. However, the most widespread way was the unofficial one, when the language was learnt in the shops, restaurants, bars or other working places where unskilled manual labour was required (for example, at Tomash Batia’s shoe factory, different plants and enterprises); right in the streets after all within different communication situations. The third period in the life of the people of Ukrainian origin on the territory of the interwar First Czechoslovak Republic took place in 1925-1929 and was called “povorontnytstvo”. During this period there was no way of speaking about mastering the Czech language and using cross-linguistic homonyms. In the 1930s due to the world economic crisis and shutting down the access to the Czechoslovak labour market for the people of Ukrainian origin the issue of learning the Czech language was not raised at all. The majority of the people of Ukrainian origin who stayed in Prague and its suburbs or moved to Transcarpathia had already mastered the Czech language by that time. Thus, on the one hand the provocative similarity created a number of obstacles, misunderstandings, it caused tragic and sometimes comic situations. On the other hand, it spiced up the everyday lives of the people of Ukrainian origin.

DIGITALIZATION OF BUSINESS UNDER GLOBAL CHALLENGES

The articlefocuses attention on prospects for the development of Ukraine’s economy taking into account the potential of social processes and business digitalization. We accentuated the global tendencies of economic relations digitalization, which create progressive forms and methods of business processes for small and medium enterprises. The article determined priorities of development for small and medium businesses of Ukraine under the conditions of the pandemic, world economic crisis, and digital transformation of eco­nomic relations.