Community Prosecution and Building Trust Across a Racial Divide

2021 ◽  
pp. 412-428
Author(s):  
Ronald F. Wright
Keyword(s):  
Minority Groups ◽  
Criminal Proceedings ◽  
Negative Experiences ◽  
The Public ◽  
Use Of Data ◽  
History Of ◽  
Data Transparency ◽  
Racial Divide ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Criminal Courtroom

Community prosecution seeks input from local groups to shape the priorities of the prosecutor’s office. Prosecutors who listen to the community aim to develop a relationship of trust between the community and the local prosecutor’s office; such outreach is especially valuable in connection with racial minority groups with a history of negative experiences with criminal justice actors. A community prosecution strategy calls for the office to work with community partners both upstream and downstream from the criminal courtroom. The upstream efforts involve diversion of defendants out of criminal proceedings and into treatment and accountability programs outside the courts. Downstream efforts include programs to promote the smooth re-entry of people returning to the community after serving a criminal sentence. Community prosecution is best accomplished in offices committed to collection and use of data, transparency, and accountability to the public.

scholarly journals Public views and recommendations on the use of linked data for research: preliminary results from a public deliberation engagement

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jack Teng ◽  
Kim McGrail ◽  
Colene Bentley ◽  
Michael Burgess ◽  
Kieran O'Doherty
Keyword(s):  
Linked Data ◽  
Minority Groups ◽  
Data Access ◽  
Public Deliberation ◽  
Multiple Perspectives ◽  
Public Interests ◽  
The Public ◽  
Use Of Data ◽  
Research Risks ◽  
Public Views

IntroductionThe use of linked data for research is increasing, including in complexity of requests. Rules around access to and use of data necessarily trade-off risks related to privacy to achieve social benefits. Including informed and civic-minded public recommendations that consider different perspectives on privacy and benefit will improve related policy. Objectives and ApproachPopulation Data BC is conducting a deliberative public engagement regarding the use of complex linked data for research. Members of the public will be provided with written materials and hear speakers outlining considerations from multiple perspectives in data access and use, including benefits for health research, risks to privacy, and implications for disability and minority groups. Participants in the deliberation will then discuss questions about the use of linked data and ideas around principles for that use in small and large groups, and develop recommendations for data sharing policies. ResultsWe will be sharing our preliminary analysis of the public deliberation results at the conference. The public deliberation encourages the participants to develop policy recommendations that respect diversity of perspectives while negotiating constructive advice. It asks the group to make recommendations and to identify and explore issues on which the group has persistent disagreement. We will discuss insights into how the public values the use of data linkage and under what conditions such use becomes problematic. For example, we are hoping to gain insight about how publics determine if a project is in the public interest, or conversely, how a project may pose unacceptable harm. Conclusion/ImplicationsChanges in available data and increasing ability to link data makes it essential to include public views in systems of data access governance. Understanding the hopes and concerns of the public regarding the use of linked data for research will help develop data access regulations that reflect wide public interests.

scholarly journals Age estimation for Asian Cymbidium (Orchidaceae: Epidendroideae) with implementation of fossil data calibration using molecular markers (ITS2 & matK) implying phylogeographic inference

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Devendra K Biswal ◽  
Jean V Marbaniang ◽  
Pramod Tandon
Keyword(s):  
Land Plants ◽  
Tropical Regions ◽  
The Public ◽  
Plant Group ◽  
History Of ◽  
Bayesian Relaxed Clock ◽  
The Tropics ◽  
Fossil Data ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
First Time

Abstract: Intercontinental dislocations between tropical regions harboring two-thirds of the flowering plants have always drawn attention from taxonomists and bio-geographers. The focus had always been on woody land plants rather than on herbs. Orchidaceae is one such family belonging to angiosperms, with an herbaceous habit and high species diversity in the tropics. Here, we investigate the evolutionary and bio-geographical history of the genus Cymbidium, which represents a monophyletic subfamily (Epidendroideae) of the orchids and comprises 50 odd species that are disjunctly distributed in tropical to temperate regions. A relatively well-resolved and highly supported phylogeny of Cymbidiums was reconstructed based on sequence analyses of internal transcribed spacer (ITS2) regions and maturaseK (matK) from the chloroplast region available on the public domain in GenBank at NCBI. Crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) is one of the photosynthetic pathways regarded as adaptation to water stress in land plants. Hardly any information exists on correlations among the level of CAM activity, habitat, life form, and phylogenetic relationship of a plant group from an evolutionary perspective. This study examines a genus level analyses by integrating ITS and matK data to all fossil data available on orchids in a molecular Bayesian relaxed clock employed in BEAST and assessed divergence times for the genus Cymbidium with a focus on evolutionary plasticity of photosynthetic characters. Our study has enabled age estimations for the genus Cymbidum (12Ma) for the first time using BEAST by addition of previously analyzed two internal calibration points.

scholarly journals GENDER IN THE HISTORY OF EARLY MODERN POLITICAL THOUGHT

2017 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 843-863 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANNA BECKER
Keyword(s):  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Early Modern ◽  
Political Thought ◽  
The Political ◽  
History Of Political Thought ◽  
The Public ◽  
Modern Politics ◽  
History Of ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractIn the history of early modern political thought, gender is not well established as a subject. It seems that early modern politics and its philosophical underpinnings are characterized by an exclusion of women from the political sphere. This article shows that it is indeed possible to write a gendered history of early modern political thought that transcends questions of the structural exclusion of women from political participation. Through a nuanced reading of fifteenth- and sixteenth-century commentaries on Aristotle's practical philosophy, it deconstructs notions on the public/political and private/apolitical divide and reconstructs that early modern thinkers saw the relationship of husband and wife as deeply political. The article argues that it is both necessary and possible to write gender in and into the history of political thought in a historically sound and firmly contextual way that avoids anachronisms, and it shows – as Joan Scott has suggested – that gender is indeed a ‘useful category’ in the history of political thought.

Enlightenment and Utility: Informational Film as Useful Cinema

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Claire Thomson
Keyword(s):  
Interest Groups ◽  
The State ◽  
Scholarly Work ◽  
Research Methodologies ◽  
Moving Image ◽  
The Public ◽  
History Of ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

This chapter outlines recent scholarly work on film made for purposes other than entertainment: to persuade, instruct and inform. Throughout the history of the moving image, governments, businesses and other interest groups have used film to educate their workers and the public, establishing networks and mechanisms to produce, screen and distribute predominantly short and narrow-gauge films, often on an international scale, and outside the theatrical cinema circuit. Such filmmaking has been termed ‘useful cinema’; this chapter explains how and why scholarly interest in the phenomenon has increased since the late 2000s, discusses the taxonomy of its various sub-genres, and outlines emerging research methodologies. The chapter also situates Danish informational film within this critical and historical framework. A brief outline is provided of the Danish institutions involved in producing and distributing informational cinema from the 1930s to the 1960s, including Dansk Kuturfilm and Ministeriernes Filmudvalg, covering extant scholarship in the field, and the relationship of the commissioned film and the state.

THE UNION AND THE MILITARY, 1801–c.1830

2000 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 329-351
Author(s):  
Allan Blackstock
Keyword(s):  
Public Service ◽  
British Army ◽  
The Public ◽  
British Military ◽  
Military Background ◽  
History Of ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Military ◽  
The Church

AbstractWHEN writing his monumental history of the British army, Sir John Fortescue devoted just two paragraphs to the military implications of the Union. He noted that Union greatly simplified British military affairs in general and that this was an excellent thing for historians, driven to distraction by the confusing archival situation produced by the pre-Union military relationship of the two countries. The Irish military historian, Sir Henry McAnally, was equally succinct, merely remarking that `military matters had not bulked largely in the Union debates'. In ways they were both right. Although none of the eight articles of the Union refer to the army, it was understood that the assimilation principle, which regulated other branches of the public service and the church, would apply to the army. Yet, beneath and perhaps because of the delusive brevity of these bare facts, lies a seriously under-researched subject with wider ramifications, both in the short and longer term. Before these issues can be developed, it is first necessary to set the context by describing the pre-Union military background Ireland and then outlining the formal changes wrought by the Union.

The Resistance of Memories and the Story of Resistance

2019 ◽  
pp. 436-448
Author(s):  
Fadime Dilber
Keyword(s):  
Mass Media ◽  
New Media ◽  
The Public ◽  
The People ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Media ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Republic Of Turkey ◽  
Coup Attempt

This study focused on the relationship of cross-media and social movements. The role of the new media in social mobility has gained a universal qualification though not directly but with the function as a communication platform between individuals by informing and guiding them all. Coup attempt on July 15, 2016 is one of the most important events in the history of the Republic of Turkey. In this coup attempt, the media, contrary to other coups, moved with the people who went out to the streets as an anti-coup. President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan invited the public to social movement by using the mass media and new media in the prevention of the coup attempt of July 15th. When the attitude of the national media is supported by citizens and mass media, new media and those struggling against the coup have gained strength and helped to make the coup attempt unsuccessful. This chapter examines the story structure of struggle exhibited against the July 15 coup attempt in the transmedia.

The Resistance of Memories and the Story of Resistance

2020 ◽  
pp. 124-136
Author(s):  
Fadime Dilber
Keyword(s):  
Mass Media ◽  
New Media ◽  
The Public ◽  
The People ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Media ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Republic Of Turkey ◽  
Coup Attempt

This study focused on the relationship of cross-media and social movements. The role of the new media in social mobility has gained a universal qualification though not directly but with the function as a communication platform between individuals by informing and guiding them all. Coup attempt on July 15, 2016 is one of the most important events in the history of the Republic of Turkey. In this coup attempt, the media, contrary to other coups, moved with the people who went out to the streets as an anti-coup. President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan invited the public to social movement by using the mass media and new media in the prevention of the coup attempt of July 15th. When the attitude of the national media is supported by citizens and mass media, new media and those struggling against the coup have gained strength and helped to make the coup attempt unsuccessful. This chapter examines the story structure of struggle exhibited against the July 15 coup attempt in the transmedia.

scholarly journals Esensi Dan Sinkronisasi Pengaturan Mengenai Persetujuan Presiden Dalam Proses Pidana Anggota DPR, Hakim Agung, Hakim Konstitusi, Dan Anggota BPK

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 141-161
Author(s):  
Novianto Murti Hantoro
Keyword(s):  
Judicial Review ◽  
House Of Representatives ◽  
Constitutional Court ◽  
Presidential Approval ◽  
Criminal Proceedings ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Supreme Court ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Synchronization Problems

The laws governing the House of Representatives, the Supreme Court, the Constitutional Court, and the Supreme Audit Board, each require the need for presidential approval in criminal proceedings against state officials in that institution. The public spotlight is more often directed at politicians by looking at the petition for judicial review submitted, even though the provision also applies to supreme judges, constitutional judges, and members of the Supreme Audit Board. The problem to be studied in this paper is what is the essence of the president's approval in the criminal process of members of the House of Representatives, supreme judge, constitutional judge, and members of the Supreme Audit Agency, as well as how to synchronize these arrangements. The essence of the president's approval was reviewed based on the opinion of the Constitutional Court stated in its decision, the history of the regulation in the law, and the reference to the norm in the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia. Based on the results of the study, it is difficult to obtain certainty of the essence of the approval of the president, except in the context of maintaining the continuity of the wheels of government which is not appropriate if it is then carried out by giving authority to the president to give approval in criminal proceedings. The results of the study also found six points of synchronization problems. Based on the results of the study, three options are recommended, namely removing these provisions and looking for the options to establishing a forum previligiatum; regulate in separate laws, or be included as part of criminal procedural law.AbstrakUndang-undang yang mengatur Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat, Mahkamah Agung, Mahkamah Konstitusi, dan Badan Pemeriksa Keuangan, masing-masing mensyaratkan perlunya persetujuan presiden dalam proses pidana terhadap pejabat negara yang berada di lembaga tersebut. Sorotan masyarakat lebih sering ditujukan kepada politisi. Hal ini terlihat dari permohonan uji materi yang diajukan, padahal ketentuan tersebut juga berlaku untuk hakim agung, hakim konstitusi, dan anggota Badan Pemeriksa Keuangan. Permasalahan yang ingin dikaji dalam tulisan ini adalah apa esensi persetujuan presiden dalam proses pidana anggota Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat, hakim agung, hakim konstitusi, dan anggota Badan Pemeriksa Keuangan, serta bagaimana sinkronisasi pengaturan tersebut. Esensi persetujuan presiden dikaji berdasarkan pendapat MK yang tertuang dalam pertimbangan putusannya, sejarah pengaturan dalam undang-undang, dan rujukan norma tersebut di Undang Undang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 1945. Sinkronisasi pengaturan dilihat berdasarkan peristilahan, tindak pidana yang dikecualikan, dan pelaku penegakan hukum pidana. Berdasarkan hasil kajian, sulit mendapatkan kepastian esensi dari persetujuan presiden, kecuali dalam konteks untuk menjaga keberlangsungan roda pemerintahan yang itu pun tidak tepat apabila kemudian dilakukan dengan memberikan kewenangan kepada presiden untuk memberikan persetujuan dalam proses pidana. Hasil kajian juga menemukan adanya 6 (enam) ketidaksinkronan pengaturan mengenai persetujuan presiden tersebut. Berdasarkan hasil kajian tersebut direkomendasikan 3 (tiga) opsi, yaitu menghapus ketentuan persetujuan presiden tersebut dan mengkaji kemungkinan pembentukan forum previligiatum; mengatur dalam undang-undang tersendiri, atau dimasukkan sebagai bagian dari undang-undang hukum acara pidana.

scholarly journals Age estimation for Asian Cymbidium (Orchidaceae: Epidendroideae) with implementation of fossil data calibration using molecular markers (ITS2 & matK) implying phylogeographic inference

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Devendra K Biswal ◽  
Jean V Marbaniang ◽  
Pramod Tandon
Keyword(s):  
Land Plants ◽  
Tropical Regions ◽  
The Public ◽  
Plant Group ◽  
History Of ◽  
Bayesian Relaxed Clock ◽  
The Tropics ◽  
Fossil Data ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
First Time

Abstract: Intercontinental dislocations between tropical regions harboring two-thirds of the flowering plants have always drawn attention from taxonomists and bio-geographers. The focus had always been on woody land plants rather than on herbs. Orchidaceae is one such family belonging to angiosperms, with an herbaceous habit and high species diversity in the tropics. Here, we investigate the evolutionary and bio-geographical history of the genus Cymbidium, which represents a monophyletic subfamily (Epidendroideae) of the orchids and comprises 50 odd species that are disjunctly distributed in tropical to temperate regions. A relatively well-resolved and highly supported phylogeny of Cymbidiums was reconstructed based on sequence analyses of internal transcribed spacer (ITS2) regions and maturaseK (matK) from the chloroplast region available on the public domain in GenBank at NCBI. Crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) is one of the photosynthetic pathways regarded as adaptation to water stress in land plants. Hardly any information exists on correlations among the level of CAM activity, habitat, life form, and phylogenetic relationship of a plant group from an evolutionary perspective. This study examines a genus level analyses by integrating ITS and matK data to all fossil data available on orchids in a molecular Bayesian relaxed clock employed in BEAST and assessed divergence times for the genus Cymbidium with a focus on evolutionary plasticity of photosynthetic characters. Our study has enabled age estimations for the genus Cymbidum (12Ma) for the first time using BEAST by addition of previously analyzed two internal calibration points.

Automated Annotations for AI Data and Model Transparency

2022 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Saravanan Thirumuruganathan ◽  
Mayuresh Kunjir ◽  
Mourad Ouzzani ◽  
Sanjay Chawla
Keyword(s):  
Open Data ◽  
Ease Of Use ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Data Governance ◽  
Policy Compliance ◽  
The Public ◽  
Use Of Data ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Data Transparency

The data and Artificial Intelligence revolution has had a massive impact on enterprises, governments, and society alike. It is fueled by two key factors. First, data have become increasingly abundant and are often available openly. Enterprises have more data than they can process. Governments are spearheading open data initiatives by setting up data portals such as data.gov and releasing large amounts of data to the public. Second, AI engineering development is becoming increasingly democratized. Open source frameworks have enabled even an individual developer to engineer sophisticated AI systems. But with such ease of use comes the potential for irresponsible use of data. Ensuring that AI systems adhere to a set of ethical principles is one of the major problems of our age. We believe that data and model transparency has a key role to play in mitigating the deleterious effects of AI systems. In this article, we describe a framework to synthesize ideas from various domains such as data transparency, data quality, data governance among others to tackle this problem. Specifically, we advocate an approach based on automated annotations (of both data and the AI model), which has a number of appealing properties. The annotations could be used by enterprises to get visibility of potential issues, prepare data transparency reports, create and ensure policy compliance, and evaluate the readiness of data for diverse downstream AI applications. We propose a model architecture and enumerate its key components that could achieve these requirements. Finally, we describe a number of interesting challenges and opportunities.

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