Terrorism and Counterterrorism

2019 ◽  
pp. 639-658
Author(s):  
Juliette Bird
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
Data Sharing ◽  
Small Groups ◽  
Terrorist Attacks ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Regional Organizations ◽  
New Thinking ◽  
Underlying Causes ◽  
Trusted Data

Terrorists force us to change long-established lifestyles. The reactions of civil society, nations, regional organizations and the UN constitute a broad-ranging counterterrorism effort. Relations between civil groups and governments can be tricky for both sides but are essential; nations must provide public reassurance, avoid alienating society or reinforcing stereotypes, and tackle both terrorist attacks and their underlying causes. Small groups of nations or regional organizations struggle to avoid duplication and ensure coordination. Practical results can be hard to assess. The UN, burdened by multitudinous bodies and relationships, finds implementation uphill work. Promisingly, the bottom-up (civil society) approach is now meeting the global top-down (UN) drive. The future should bring not only incremental improvements but new thinking to meet long-term challenges including trusted data-sharing, metrics for projects, matching needs and offers of support and, importantly, societal awareness of the deeper issues surrounding terrorism.

Georgia

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erica Marat
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
Reference Point ◽  
Window Of Opportunity ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Police Reform ◽  
The Public ◽  
Police Accountability

This chapter focuses on police reform efforts in Georgia. After years of top-down police reform in Georgia, led by president Saakashvili, brutal violence in Gldani prison in 2012 generated public outcry against policing regimes in the country. The new government elected in the aftermath of the scandal promised sweeping changes. Georgian NGOs have been able to use this window of opportunity to challenge the new government to reduce its reliance on surveillance of political opponents and on militarized police units to contain antigovernment protests. New venues for collaboration between the ministry and civil society emerged from the process of drafting new police legislation. This experience became an important reference point for measuring the degree of police accountability to the public in the long term, even as civil society was gradually distanced from the Interior Ministry’s day-to-day work.

The Myth of a Migration Crisis in France

2018 ◽  
pp. 126-144
Author(s):  
Isabelle Rigoni
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
National Security ◽  
Ethnic Diversity ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Terrorist Attacks ◽  
Modes Of Action ◽  
Security Context ◽  
Migration Crisis ◽  
Institutional Actors

France is an old immigration country but has been slow to recognize itself as such. Since 2000, the Western security context has produced a new stage in migration and asylum policies. The tragic and traumatic nature of terrorist attacks in France and other European countries has legitimized the strengthening of national security laws, fueled more conservative attitudes regarding cultural and ethnic diversity, and fed into debates on communitarianism, multiculturalism, and universalism. This chapter analyzes how migratory dynamics have been constructed as a crisis in contemporary France and examines the initiatives of civil society towards what politics and media consider to be a migration crisis. Finally, it analyzes the modes of action used by various social and institutional actors in the context of an imagined migration crisis.

scholarly journals Long‐term study reveals top‐down effect of crabs on a California salt marsh

Ecosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathryn M. Beheshti ◽  
Kerstin Wasson ◽  
Christine Angelini ◽  
Brian R. Silliman ◽  
Brent B. Hughes
Keyword(s):  
Salt Marsh ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Term Study ◽  
Long Term Study

scholarly journals A Mixed-Methods Investigation into Barriers for Sharing Geospatial and Resilience Flood Data in the UK

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 1235
Author(s):  
Luke Waterman ◽  
Mónica Rivas Casado ◽  
Emma Bergin ◽  
Gary McInally
Keyword(s):  
Data Sharing ◽  
Local Politics ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Third Sector ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Average Temperature ◽  
Third Sector Organisations ◽  
Data Points ◽  
The Uk

With increases in average temperature and rainfall predicted, more households are expected to be at risk of flooding in the UK by 2050. Data and technologies are increasingly playing a critical role across public-, private- and third-sector organisations. However, barriers and constraints exist across organisations and industries that limit the sharing of data. We examine the international context for data sharing and variations between data-rich and data-sparse countries. We find that local politics and organisational structures influence data sharing. We focus on the case study of the UK, and on geospatial and flood resilience data in particular. We use a series of semi-structured interviews to evaluate data sharing limitations, with particular reference to geospatial and flood resilience data. We identify barriers and constraints when sharing data between organisations. We find technological, security, privacy, cultural and commercial barriers across different use cases and data points. Finally, we provide three long-term recommendations to improve the overall accessibility to flood data and enhance outcomes for organisations and communities.

scholarly journals Authoritarian resilience through top-down transformation: making sense of Myanmar's incomplete transition

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 193-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefano Ruzza ◽  
Giuseppe Gabusi ◽  
Davide Pellegrino
Keyword(s):  
Political Reform ◽  
The Political ◽  
Political Transformation ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Ongoing Process ◽  
Making Sense ◽  
Divide And Rule ◽  
Events Data

AbstractStarting from the imperfect nature of Myanmar's democracy, this paper aims to answer two questions. First, can Myanmar's transition be defined as a case of democratization, or is it, rather, a case of authoritarian resilience? To state this differently: is the progress enjoyed by Myanmar's polity the outcome of an ongoing process that is supposed to lead to a fully fledged democracy, or, rather, an attempt to enshrine elements of authoritarian governance under a democratic guise? Second, if the balance leans towards the latter instead of the former, how did authoritarian resilience work in Myanmar? The transition is analysed from a long-term perspective, moving from the 1988 pro-democracy uprising up to the most recent events. Data were collected from available published sources and from three fieldworks conducted by the authors in Myanmar. The paper concludes that Myanmar's transition is better understood as a case of authoritarian resilience than as democratization and highlights three core traits of Myanmar's authoritarian resilience: first, the very top-down nature of the political transformation; second, the incumbents’ ability to set the pace of political reform through the use of repression and political engineering; and third, the divide-and-rule strategy used as a means to keep contestations separated and local.

LONG TERM EFFECTS OF THYROID STIMULATING HORMONE AND INSULIN ON INTRACELLULAR pH IN FRTL-5 CELLS

1992 ◽  
Vol 133 (2) ◽  
pp. R9-R11
Author(s):  
A.M. Wood ◽  
S.P. Bidey ◽  
J. Soden ◽  
W.R. Robertson
Keyword(s):  
Intracellular Ph ◽  
Small Groups ◽  
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Ph Sensitive ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Bicarbonate Ions ◽  
Chronic Effects ◽  
Petri Dishes ◽  
Presence And Absence

ABSTRACT We have studied the chronic effects of TSH (100μU/ml) and insulin (10μg/ml) on intracellular pH (pHi) in FRTL-5 cells using the pH sensitive probe 2′7-bis (2-carboxyethyl-5′-6′) carboxyfluorescein. FRTL-5 cells were cultured on Petri dishes either in the presence of 4H, ie. Coons F-12 containing cortisol (10nM), transferrin (0.5μg/ml), glycyl-histidyl lysine acetate (10ng/ml) and somatostatin (10μg/ml), or with 4H+insulin (5H), 4H+TSH, or 4H+TSH+insulin (6H). pHi was measured in small groups of cells by microspectrofluorimetry both in the presence and absence of bicarbonate ions after cells had been deprived of serum for at least a day. In

Reformation und politisch-gesellschaftliche Emanzipation

2014 ◽  
Vol 74 (2) ◽  
pp. 118-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernd Oberdorfer
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
Learning Processes ◽  
Priesthood Of All Believers ◽  
Pluralistic Society ◽  
Protestant Churches ◽  
The Reformation ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Church ◽  
Modern Sense

AbstractThe relevance of the reformation for the development of modern liberty rights is much debated. Although the Protestant Reformers fought for the »Freedom of a Christian« against religious patronization, they were not tolerant in a modern sense of the term. However, the Reformation released long-term impulses which contributed to the origin and formation of a modern civil society, e. g. the respect for the autonomy of the individual over against the church, the passion for education, the emphasis on the »universal priesthood of all believers«, and the appreciation of civil professions. Long historical learning processes were necessary, though, until the Protestant churches acknowledged and adopted modern liberty rights, a participatory democracy and a pluralistic society as genuine forms of expression of a Protestant ethos.

Making the unfamiliar personal: arts-based ethnographies as public-engaged ethnographies

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 402-413 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lydia N Degarrod
Keyword(s):  
Social Justice ◽  
Embodied Knowledge ◽  
Art Making ◽  
The Public ◽  
New Thinking ◽  
Public Exhibition ◽  
Forms Of Knowledge

I present the installation Geographies of the Imagination, an arts-based ethnography about long-term exile, as a form of public ethnography that unveils the acquisition and transmission of ethnographic knowledge as interactive, emergent, and creative. I will show how the methods of collaboration and art making created bodily forms of knowledge among the participants and the audience at the exhibition of the installation that have the potential for stimulating new thinking. The use of these methods advanced the acquisition of ethnographic knowledge, and heightened the development of empathy among the participants and the researcher. Furthermore, the public exhibition of this installation allowed the participants to exercise social justice, and created a setting for socially experiencing embodied knowledge.

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