LONG TERM EFFECTS OF THYROID STIMULATING HORMONE AND INSULIN ON INTRACELLULAR pH IN FRTL-5 CELLS

1992 ◽  
Vol 133 (2) ◽  
pp. R9-R11
Author(s):  
A.M. Wood ◽  
S.P. Bidey ◽  
J. Soden ◽  
W.R. Robertson
Keyword(s):  
Intracellular Ph ◽  
Small Groups ◽  
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Ph Sensitive ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Bicarbonate Ions ◽  
Chronic Effects ◽  
Petri Dishes ◽  
Presence And Absence

ABSTRACT We have studied the chronic effects of TSH (100μU/ml) and insulin (10μg/ml) on intracellular pH (pHi) in FRTL-5 cells using the pH sensitive probe 2′7-bis (2-carboxyethyl-5′-6′) carboxyfluorescein. FRTL-5 cells were cultured on Petri dishes either in the presence of 4H, ie. Coons F-12 containing cortisol (10nM), transferrin (0.5μg/ml), glycyl-histidyl lysine acetate (10ng/ml) and somatostatin (10μg/ml), or with 4H+insulin (5H), 4H+TSH, or 4H+TSH+insulin (6H). pHi was measured in small groups of cells by microspectrofluorimetry both in the presence and absence of bicarbonate ions after cells had been deprived of serum for at least a day. In

Acute, medium and long-term effects of yellow sand and air pollutants on allergy and biomarker search

Impact ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (3) ◽  
pp. 63-65
Author(s):  
Tomomi Higashi
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Emergency Rooms ◽  
Improve Treatment ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
Chronic Effects ◽  
Difficulty Breathing ◽  
Acute And Chronic Effects

Talk to any allergy sufferer and they will tell you how awful it can be. Runny noses, itchy eyes, coughing and difficulties breathing. For many these symptoms rise only to the level of annoyance and can be avoided by steering clear of the source of their allergy. What many people don't realise though is that allergies can become a far more serious issue for a large segment of the population. Shortness of breath and difficulty breathing due to allergies bring many people to emergency rooms and these are just the acute symptoms. Along with the potential for an allergic attack during a windy or dusty day, researchers and medical professionals are beginning to recognise that there are chronic, long term effects associated with allergies. In order to mitigate both the acute and chronic effects of allergies a better understanding of how genetic factors combine with environmental conditions to produce the ranges of symptoms and effects of allergy suffers is needed. Professor Tomomi Higashi, from the Department of Hygiene at Kanazawa University in Japan, is an expert in this field and is currently working to improve treatment and prevention of allergic disease.

Role of cyclic AMP in the action of dopaminergic D2 receptors of some endocrine glands in rats

1987 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
pp. 751-755 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdulrahim Abu-Jayyab ◽  
Ezz-Eddin S. M. El-Denshary ◽  
Abdulrahman M. Ageel ◽  
Mohamed Rafik Dakkak
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Cyclic Amp ◽  
Adrenal Cortex ◽  
D2 Receptors ◽  
Endocrine Glands ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Presence And Absence

Short-term and long-term effects of bromocriptine mesylate (10 mg/kg i.p.) on cyclic AMP contents of the liver and some endocrine glands have been investigated in the presence and absence of sulpiride (10 mg/kg i.p.). Results revealed that bromocriptine caused significant elevations in the cyclic AMP contents of the liver and reduction in its adrenocortical content. Bromocriptine effect on the adrenal cortex was antagonized by sulpiride, whereas its effect on the liver was not changed. Bromocriptine did not change the, cyclic AMP content in the thyroid gland or the ovary.

Graves’ Hyperthyroidism-Induced Psychosis Treated With Aripiprazole—A Case Report

2012 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Livia R. Macedo ◽  
Jehan Marino ◽  
Brady Bradshaw ◽  
Joseph Henry
Keyword(s):  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Psychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Graves Disease ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Free T4 ◽  
History Of ◽  
Antithyroid Peroxidase Antibody ◽  
First Time

Graves’ disease is an autoimmune syndrome with symptoms such as tachycardia, atrial fibrillation, and psychiatric symptoms. Limited evidence exists for the treatment of Graves’ hyperthyroidism-induced psychosis with atypical antipsychotics. A 47-year-old female with a psychiatric history of bipolar disorder presented for the first time to the psychiatric hospital. She was agitated and grossly psychotic with delusions. Electrocardiogram showed atrial fibrillation and tachycardia. Drug screen urinalysis was negative. Endocrine workup resulted in a diagnosis of Graves’ disease (thyroid-stimulating hormone [TSH]: 0.005 μIU/mL, triiodothyronine [T3]: 537 ng/dL, thyroxine [T4]: 24 mcg/dL, free T4: 4.5 ng/dL, positive antithyroid peroxidase antibody, and antinuclear antibody). Aripiprazole 10 mg daily was initiated and titrated to 15 mg daily on day 4. On day 16, her suspicious behavior, judgment, and insight improved. Other medications given included aspirin 325 mg daily, metoprolol 25 mg twice daily, titrated to 12.5 mg twice daily, and methimazole 30 mg daily, titrated to 20 mg twice daily, and discontinued on day 29. The patient received radioiodine I-131 treatment 1 week later. We report the first known case on the use of aripriprazole to treat Graves’ hyperthyroidism-induced psychosis. Further studies examining the long-term effects and appropriate dose and duration of aripiprazole in this patient population are needed.

Review of Environmental Accidents and Incidents

1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 165-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Palle Lindgaard-Jørgensen ◽  
Klavs Bender
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Ecological Consequences ◽  
Accident Investigation ◽  
Environmental Consequences ◽  
Environmental Accidents ◽  
Chronic Effects ◽  
Spill Site

This paper reviewed the environmental consequences reported in more than three thousand accidents. Fifty-nine of the accidents reported environmental consequences, seven reported no environmental consequences, and for the remaining accidents, no information was available. Generally, the properties of a chemical, the dilution of the amount released, and the environmental conditions at the spill site are the parameters that determine the short-term environmental consequences. To evaluate the long-term effects, which have almost never been studied in the accidents reviewed, persistence, the tendency to accumulate in sediment and biota, and the long-term sub-lethal and chronic effects are the main parameters to be considered. While ecological consequences of accidents have been investigated more frequently in recent years, there has been no consistency in reporting methodology. An accident investigation methodology and a reporting format should therefore be developed and implemented on a broad international scale.

scholarly journals CATS II Long-term Anthropometric and Metabolic Effects of Maternal Sub-optimal Thyroid Function in Offspring and Mothers

2020 ◽  
Vol 105 (7) ◽  
pp. 2150-2161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilaria Muller ◽  
Peter N Taylor ◽  
Rhian M Daniel ◽  
Charlotte Hales ◽  
Anna Scholz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Function ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Augmentation Index ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Aortic Pulse Wave Velocity ◽  
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Metabolic Effects ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Thyroid Screening

Abstract Context and Objectives The Controlled Antenatal Thyroid Screening Study I (CATS-I) was a randomized controlled trial investigating the effects of levothyroxine therapy for suboptimal gestational thyroid function (SGTF), comparing outcomes in children of treated (SGTF-T) with untreated (SGTF-U) women during pregnancy. This follow-up study, CATS-II, reports the long-term effects on anthropometric, bone, and cardiometabolic outcomes in mothers and offspring and includes a group with normal gestational thyroid function (NGTF). Design & Participants 332 mothers (197 NGTF, 56 SGTF-U, 79 SGTF-T) aged 41.2±5.3 years (mean±SD) and 326 paired children assessed 9.3±1.0 years after birth for (i) body mass index (BMI); (ii) lean, fat, and bone mass by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry; (iii) blood pressure, augmentation index, and aortic pulse-wave-velocity; and (iv) thyroid function, lipids, insulin, and adiponectin. The difference between group means was compared using linear regression. Results Offspring’s measurements were similar between groups. Although maternal BMI was similar between groups at CATS-I, after 9 years (at CATS-II) SGTF-U mothers showed higher BMI (median [interquartile ratio] 28.3 [24.6-32.6] kg/m2) compared with NGTF (25.8 [22.9-30.0] kg/m2; P = 0.029), driven by fat mass increase. At CATS-II SGTF-U mothers also had higher thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) values (2.45 [1.43-3.50] mU/L) than NGTF (1.54 [1.12-2.07] mU/L; P = 0.015), since 64% had never received levothyroxine. At CATS-II, SGTF-T mothers had BMI (25.8 [23.1-29.8] kg/m2, P = 0.672) and TSH (1.68 [0.89-2.96] mU/L; P = 0.474) values similar to NGTF mothers. Conclusions Levothyroxine supplementation of women with SGTF did not affect long-term offspring anthropometric, bone, and cardiometabolic measurements. However, absence of treatment was associated with sustained long-term increase in BMI and fat mass in women with SGTF.

scholarly journals Long-term effects of aripiprazole exposure on monoaminergic and glutamatergic receptor subtypes: comparison with cariprazine

CNS Spectrums ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 484-494 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong Kee Choi ◽  
Nika Adham ◽  
Béla Kiss ◽  
István Gyertyán ◽  
Frank I. Tarazi
Keyword(s):  
Ampa Receptors ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Receptor Subtypes ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Caudate Putamen ◽  
Chronic Effects ◽  
Hippocampal Ca1 ◽  
Term Administration ◽  
Clinical Benefits

ObjectiveThis study examined the chronic effects of aripiprazole and cariprazine on serotonin (5-HT1Aand 5-HT2A) and glutamate (NMDA and AMPA) receptor subtypes. In addition, the effects of aripiprazole on D2and D3receptors were tested and compared with previously reported cariprazine data.MethodsRats received vehicle, aripiprazole (2, 5, or 15 mg/kg), or cariprazine (0.06, 0.2, or 0.6 mg/kg) for 28 days. Receptor levels were quantified using autoradiographic assays on brain sections from the medial prefrontal cortex (MPC), dorsolateral frontal cortex (DFC), nucleus accumbens (NAc), caudate-putamen medial (CPu–M), caudate-putamen lateral (CPu–L), hippocampal CA1 (HIPP–CA1) and CA3 (HIPP–CA3) regions, and the entorhinal cortex (EC).ResultsSimilar to previous findings with cariprazine, aripiprazole upregulated D2receptor levels in various regions; D3receptor changes were less than those reported with cariprazine. All aripiprazole doses and higher cariprazine doses increased 5-HT1Areceptors in the MPC and DFC. Higher aripiprazole and all cariprazine doses increased 5-HT1Areceptors in HIPP–CA1 and HIPP–CA3. Aripiprazole decreased 5-HT2Areceptors in the MPC, DFC, HIPP–CA1, and HIPP–CA3 regions. Both compounds decreased NMDA receptors and increased AMPA receptors in select brain regions.ConclusionsLong-term administration of aripiprazole and cariprazine had similar effects on 5-HT1A, NMDA, and AMPA receptors. However, cariprazine more profoundly increased D3receptors while aripiprazole selectively reduced 5-HT2Areceptors. These results suggest that the unique actions of cariprazine on dopamine D3receptors, combined with its effects on serotonin and glutamate receptor subtypes, may confer the clinical benefits, safety, and tolerability of this novel compound in schizophrenia and bipolar mania.

Hydrogen sulfide exposure without loss of consciousness: chronic effects in four cases

2002 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 51-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan R Hirsch
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Sulfide ◽  
Loss Of Consciousness ◽  
Construction Site ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Chronic Effects ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Clinical Disorders ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Functional Problems

Adverse effects of acute exposure to hydrogen sulfide (H 2S) are well documented, but long-term effects of occupational exposure to low levels of the gas are not. To evaluate effects of such exposure we performed physical, neurologic, psychiatric, and chemosensory (smell and taste) examinations of four workers who were present but did not lose consciousness when the gas was accidentally released at a construction site. None of the four workers tested positive for functional problems, but all met diagnostic criteria for at least three, and up to eight, H 2S-induced neuropsychiatric clinical disorders and from zero to two subclinical disorders. All four had abnormal P300 evoked responses (electrical neurophysiologic tests of brain waves). Our data indicate that exposures to even relatively low concentrations of H2S are hazardous. A rigorous epidemiologic investigation of persons who work with H2S is warranted.

Volatile Substance Abuse: A Review of Possible Long-Term Neurological, Intellectual and Psychiatric Sequelae

1986 ◽  
Vol 148 (3) ◽  
pp. 235-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria A. Ron
Keyword(s):  
Present Knowledge ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Chronic Effects ◽  
Structural Brain Damage ◽  
Psychiatric Sequelae ◽  
Volatile Substance Abuse ◽  
Psychiatric Manifestations ◽  
Acute And Chronic Effects

The possibility that chronic abuse of volatile substances can cause permanent neurological, psychiatric, and intellectual sequelae is critically reviewed. Toluene, present in the commonly used adhesives, is most often implicated in ‘glue sniffing’; this review focuses on its potential long-term effects. Many criticisms—particularly poor matching of control samples and inability to distinguish between acute and chronic effects—can be levelled at the available studies, while no adequate follow-up studies have been performed. In the light of present knowledge, the possibility that permanent structural brain damage, with accompanying psychiatric manifestations, results from solvent abuse remains inconclusive.

scholarly journals Long-Term Effects of Mercury on Biofilms Grown in Contaminated Microcosms: A Pilot Study

Environments ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 28
Author(s):  
Perrine Dranguet ◽  
Aline Freiburghaus ◽  
Vera Slaveykova ◽  
Séverine Le Faucheur
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Surface Coverage ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Taxonomic Composition ◽  
Algal Community ◽  
Natural Environments ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Chronic Effects ◽  
Biomonitoring Tool

Biofilms are important components of the mercury (Hg) biogeochemical cycle. However, Hg effects on biofilm communities are overlooked. Here, we present results of a pilot study on the chronic effects of Hg on biofilms, notably on the potential change of their taxonomic composition. Biofilms were cultivated in microcosms enriched with three different Hg concentrations (11 ± 2 pM, 121 ± 9 pM and 1454 ± 54 pM) for 55 days and examined for their accumulated Hg concentrations and composition. Bioaccumulated Hg concentrations were representative of those encountered in natural environments. Despite the lack of influence on the ash free dry weight and chlorophyll content, the surface coverage of the substrata of biofilms grown in Hg decreased. Algal community were strongly affected by Hg, with a decrease in their richness with Ochrophyta found as the most sensitive phyla. The diversity and richness of bacterial communities did not change upon cultivation in Hg but the presence of Proteobacteria increased with Hg, whereas Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria, Verrumicrobia, and Cyanobacteria were negatively impacted. Overall, the above findings suggest that the examination of the algal community composition might be used as a potential biomonitoring tool to assess the impacts of environmental Hg concentrations on aquatic systems, which would merit further investigation.

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