Noun Phrases

2019 ◽  
pp. 334-357
Author(s):  
Evelien Keizer
Keyword(s):  
Internal Structure ◽  
Noun Phrase ◽  
Noun Phrases ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Theoretical Point ◽  
Cognitive Perspective ◽  
General Characterization ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
English Noun

This chapter provides a brief overview of some widely debated issues in discussions of the English noun phrase, and illustrates how these issues have been dealt with in different theoretical approaches. After a general characterization of the noun phrase from a pre-theoretical point of view, the chapter proceeds to discuss the internal structure of the noun phrase from a generative, functional, and cognitive perspective. Subsequently, the differences between these approaches are illustrated by addressing two basic notions in the analysis of English noun phrases: headedness (in regular noun phrases, as well as in headless and pseudo-partitive noun phrases) and the distinction between relational and non-relational nouns (and, consequently, between complements and modifiers). In both cases the various types of criteria for analysis are discussed, as well as some problems in applying these criteria.

scholarly journals Modeling and theoretical description of magnetic hybrid materials—bridging from meso- to macro-scales

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas M. Menzel ◽  
Hartmut Löwen
Keyword(s):  
Colloidal Particles ◽  
Colloidal Particle ◽  
Theoretical Description ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Material Behavior ◽  
Theoretical Point ◽  
Mechanical Stiffness ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
Theoretical Predictions ◽  
Particle Level

Abstract Magnetic gels and elastomers consist of magnetic or magnetizable colloidal particles embedded in an elastic polymeric matrix. Outstanding properties of these materials comprise reversible changes in their mechanical stiffness or magnetostrictive distortions under the influence of external magnetic fields. To understand such types of overall material behavior from a theoretical point of view, it is essential to characterize the substances starting from the discrete colloidal particle level. It turns out that the macroscopic material response depends sensitively on the mesoscopic particle arrangement. We have utilized and developed several theoretical approaches to this end, allowing us both to reproduce experimental observations and to make theoretical predictions. Our hope is that both these paths help to further stimulate the interest in these fascinating materials.

scholarly journals A characterization of optimal multiprocessor schedules and new dominance rules

2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 876-900
Author(s):  
Rico Walter ◽  
Alexander Lawrinenko
Keyword(s):  
Parallel Machines ◽  
Computational Study ◽  
Search Space ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Theoretical Point ◽  
Optimal Solutions ◽  
Identical Parallel Machines ◽  
Makespan Minimization ◽  
Structural Pattern

Abstract The paper on hand approaches the classical makespan minimization problem on identical parallel machines from a rather theoretical point of view. Using an approach similar to the idea behind inverse optimization, we identify a general structural pattern of optimal multiprocessor schedules. We also show how to derive new dominance rules from the characteristics of optimal solutions. Results of our computational study attest to the efficacy of the new rules. They are particularly useful in limiting the search space when each machine processes only a few jobs on average.

scholarly journals Weisfeiler and Leman Go Neural: Higher-Order Graph Neural Networks

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 4602-4609 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Morris ◽  
Martin Ritzert ◽  
Matthias Fey ◽  
William L. Hamilton ◽  
Jan Eric Lenssen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neural Networks ◽  
Multiple Scales ◽  
Graph Isomorphism ◽  
Higher Order ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Theoretical Point ◽  
Graph Classification ◽  
Graph Neural Networks ◽  
Vector Representations

In recent years, graph neural networks (GNNs) have emerged as a powerful neural architecture to learn vector representations of nodes and graphs in a supervised, end-to-end fashion. Up to now, GNNs have only been evaluated empirically—showing promising results. The following work investigates GNNs from a theoretical point of view and relates them to the 1-dimensional Weisfeiler-Leman graph isomorphism heuristic (1-WL). We show that GNNs have the same expressiveness as the 1-WL in terms of distinguishing non-isomorphic (sub-)graphs. Hence, both algorithms also have the same shortcomings. Based on this, we propose a generalization of GNNs, so-called k-dimensional GNNs (k-GNNs), which can take higher-order graph structures at multiple scales into account. These higher-order structures play an essential role in the characterization of social networks and molecule graphs. Our experimental evaluation confirms our theoretical findings as well as confirms that higher-order information is useful in the task of graph classification and regression.

scholarly journals Theoretical Assessment of Thermodynamic Stability in Nanocrystalline Metallic Alloys

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (20) ◽  
pp. 3408 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Mario Locci
Keyword(s):  
Thermodynamic Stability ◽  
Theoretical Description ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Theoretical Point ◽  
Qualitative Comparison ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
Model Predictions ◽  
Cr System ◽  
Experimental Findings ◽  
Theoretical Assessment

Thermal stability in nanocrystalline alloys has been extensively explored while using both experimental and theoretical approaches. From the theoretical point of view, the vast majority of the models proposed in the literature have been implicitly limited to immiscible or dilute systems and thus lack the necessary generality to make predictions for different alloying interactions and in the case of intermetallic compounds formation. In this work, a general theoretical description for the case of binary W-based alloys is presented. It is shown that a critical value Ω ∗ of the interaction energy in the grain boundary Ω ( g b ) exists, such that the condition Ω ( g b ) < Ω ∗ can be regarded as a criterion for thermodynamic stability assessment. A procedure for calculating the value of Ω ∗ for each specific alloy is illustrated. A preliminary qualitative comparison between the model predictions and properly selected experimental findings taken from the literature and related to the W-Cr system is also provided.

scholarly journals THE TRANSLATION OF ENGLISH NOUN PHRASE INTO INDONESIAN

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 81
Author(s):  
Herlina Lindaria Simanjuntak
Keyword(s):  
Noun Phrase ◽  
Qualitative Method ◽  
Noun Phrases ◽  
Source Language ◽  
English Noun

<p>Many Indonesian’s students face the difficulties in translating English noun phrase into Indonesian. English and Indonesia have different structure. Meanwhile, one of the important elements in building a sentence is noun phrase. English noun phrases have some possibilities of translation result from the source language (SL) into the target lagnuage, Indonesian (TL). Hence, the researcher does the research which is entitled The Translation of English Noun Phrase Into Idonesian. The aims of this research are to find out the translations of English noun phrases into Indonesian. This research uses qualitative method. The source of data is “Sidney Sheldon's Memory of Midnight” and its translated version, “Padang Bayang Kelabu”, by Budijanto T. Pramono. The result of this research shows that there are four categories of translating English noun phrases into Indonesian, namely English noun phrases translated using the word yang, Plural English noun phrases translated into singular, English noun phrases translated using the word, and Elnglish noun phrases which are not translated literally. The conclusion of this research also shows that the change in the form and orders of the nouns phrases which is a noun as the head and also the sequence of modifiers, meanwhile without changing its meanings.</p><p> </p>

scholarly journals Adjectives in layers

Rhema ◽  
2018 ◽  
pp. 125-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
А. Pereltsvaig ◽  
O. Kagan
Keyword(s):  
Internal Structure ◽  
Noun Phrase ◽  
Noun Phrases ◽  
Functional Structure ◽  
Case Marking ◽  
Complex Patterns ◽  
Attributive Adjectives

This paper investigates the syntax and semantics of modifying/attributive adjectives in Russian, a language lacking articles but having complex patterns of case marking and agreement within a noun phrase. It has been claimed in the literature that due to its lack of articles, Russian has a completely different internal structure for noun phrases than in languages with articles. In this paper we argue against that claim and propose that there are six layers of functional structure within a noun phrase which modifying adjectives can occupy.

The Correlation between Definite Noun Phrases and Verb Forms in Qur'anic Narrative Texts

2004 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 56-68
Author(s):  
Haruko Sakaedani
Keyword(s):  
Noun Phrase ◽  
Noun Phrases ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Previous Article ◽  
Narrative Texts ◽  
Verb Forms ◽  
Points Of View ◽  
Made In

In a previous article I have examined shifts of noun phrase forms in Qur'anic narrative texts and found that this kind of shift is strictly associated with the construction of texts and development of stories. It was also found that other categories such as voice, aspect and tense are connected with the shifts of these noun phrase forms. In the present paper I first confirm the argument made in my previous paper: that forms of noun phrases are markers of point of view in narratives. Next, the correlations between these noun phrase forms and various verb forms are inquired into, and the effect of using different noun phrase forms and verb forms in the texts is discussed. The argument is restricted to narratives because these realise textual coherence more than the early fragmentary revelations, and because the points of view in these narratives can be examined through the various persons coming into the stories. In addition, this study focuses on definite noun phrases rather than indefinite ones as, other than when they are first introduced into the texts, the referents in these stories are referred to with definite noun phrases, or more strictly speaking, a number of prophets and other famous persons are frequently introduced with definite noun phrases.

Inevitable reanalysis

2004 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 165-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frans Plank
Keyword(s):  
Internal Structure ◽  
Noun Phrase ◽  
Numerical Approximation ◽  
Noun Phrases ◽  
Direct Object ◽  
Case Assignment ◽  
Verb Agreement ◽  
Grammatical Relations

When local adpositions, whatever their own sources, are metaphorically extended to the domain of numerical approximation (as in ‘around five bottles’), as they not uncommonly are, and when such expressions are then admitted to grammatical relations otherwise reserved for noun phrases, such as subject and direct object, as is only natural, a conflict is bound to arise: the internal structure of such expressions is that of an adpositional phrase, headed by the ex-local adposition, but their external distribution is that of a noun phrase. German and several other languages demonstrate that repair is inevitable in this dilemma, unless wholly different ways of expressing numerical approximation were to be resorted to. By necessity, such approximative numerical expressions will gradually be reanalysed from being adpositional phrases to being noun phrases for many, most, or indeed all external and internal purposes, such as subcategorization, verb agreement, case assignment, and determination. Instead of new grammar emerging as in grammaticalization, the old grammar of phrase types is reasserting itself in such reanalyses.

scholarly journals Children’s use of prosody and word order to indicate information status in English noun phrase conjuncts

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura De Ruiter ◽  
Bhuvana Narasimhan ◽  
Jidong Chen ◽  
Jonah Lack
Keyword(s):  
Noun Phrase ◽  
Word Order ◽  
Noun Phrases ◽  
New Order ◽  
Production Task ◽  
Information Status ◽  
English Speaking ◽  
English Noun

Our study investigates the influence of information status on word order and prosody in children and adults. Using an elicited production task, we examine the ordering and intonation of noun phrases in phrasal conjuncts in 3-5-year-old and adult speakers of English. Findings show that English-speaking children are less likely to employ the ‘old-before-new’ order than adults and are also not adult-like in using prosody to mark information status. Our study suggests that even though intonation and word order are linguistic devices that are acquired early, their use to mark information status is still developing at age four.

MECHANISMS OF STATE GOVERNANCE OF THE REGION'S TOURIST BRAND

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viktoriia Marchenko ◽  
◽  
Olena Uhodnikova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Public Management ◽  
Brand Management ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Theoretical Point ◽  
Territorial Development ◽  
Tourist Attractions ◽  
State Management ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
Decentralization Reform

The development of the tourism industry takes place in conditions of high competition. To ensure competitiveness in the market of tourist services, an important element of promotion is the formation of an effective tourist brand. Thus, the article is devoted to the topical issue of finding effective ways to implement mechanisms for public management of tourism brand development on the example of territories, in the context of decentralization reform in Ukraine. These studies are important both from a scientific and theoretical point of view, and from the point of view of business practice in modern market relations. The purpose of the article is to find ways to improve the system of public management of the tourist brand of the territories. The market is oversaturated with traditional forms of tourist attractions. To enter new markets or increase your target audience, you need to develop original projects and promote a non-standard tourism product. Such a product can be various innovative projects of different types of tourism, as a type of tourism that is actively developing and attracts additional attention of tourists to areas that have potentially interesting tourist resources. The article is devoted to the development of the theoretical foundations of public administration for the promotion of the tourist brand of the regions. Theoretical approaches to the definition of the concept of tourism brand management in terms of territorial development are analyzed. The leading world practices of formation of tourist brands of territories are analyzed. Domestic trends in the development of tourism brands are identified, taking into account the opportunities for the creation of public management systems for tourism brands at the regional level. The expediency of introduction of initiatives on introduction of mechanisms of the state management of a tourist brand of territories is developed and substantiated. The results of developments can be used in practical activities to develop the tourism potential of the regions.

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