Studying Expert Behavior in Sociotechnical Systems

2019 ◽  
pp. 353-376
Author(s):  
Paul M. Salmon ◽  
Neville A. Stanton ◽  
Guy H. Walker ◽  
Gemma J. M. Read
Keyword(s):  
Task Analysis ◽  
Sociotechnical Systems ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Level Crossing ◽  
Hierarchical Task Analysis ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Analysis Methods ◽  
Practical Guidance

Hierarchical task analysis (HTA), arguably the most popular task analysis method of all time, provides a useful approach for describing expert behavior and the factors influencing it. Its utility is enhanced by the fact that there are various ergonomics analysis methods that build on HTA outputs to provide in-depth analyses of behavior. This chapter provides an overview of HTA and its origins, followed by practical guidance on how to apply the method. Two rail level crossing case study applications are presented. These are used to showcase how HTA can be used to describe and analyze both behavior at the sharp end (i.e., at the rail level crossing itself) as well as the behavior of overall sociotechnical systems (i.e., the behavior of the overall rail level crossing “system”). In closing, the main strengths and weakness of HTA are discussed.

scholarly journals User demands analysis of Eco-city based on the Kano model—An application to China case study

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. e0248187
Author(s):  
Jinqiu Li ◽  
Qingqin Wang ◽  
Yitong Xuan ◽  
Hao Zhou
Keyword(s):  
User Satisfaction ◽  
Local Development ◽  
Green Building ◽  
Energy Utilization ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Kano Model ◽  
Analysis Methods ◽  
User Demand ◽  
The Relationship

Eco-cities have witnessed rapid growth in these years worldwide. As the Eco-cities entering operation stage gradually, more and more researchers have found that users (who are living or working in the Eco-cities) satisfaction is one of the most important factors to determine the success or failure of Eco-cities. Therefore, it is very important to investigate the user demands to attract more citizens willing to live or work in the Eco-cities, which will make the development of Eco-cities more sustainable and solid. The recent researches on user demands investigation and analysis in the Eco-cities mainly focused on understanding the user need itself, yet lack of research on the relationship between the user demand and user satisfaction. This paper initially introduced the Kano model analysis method to the research field of user demands in Eco-city, to explore the relationship between the user demand and user satisfaction. After proposing user demands library in Eco-city (including Land use, Ecological environment, Green building, Energy utilization, etc.), the user demands classification and importance analysis methods of Eco-city were proposed based on Kano model. The questionnaire survey for users of two Eco-cities in China as case study was conducted, consisted of user demand items questionnaire based on the Kano model and a questionnaire on the importance of the user demand items. By utilizing the integration of quantitative analysis methods based on the Kano model and Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method, the final ranking of user demands importance was obtained. Comparing with the existing literatures in terms of user demands research for Eco-city, the user demands analysis method based on Kano model of this paper, is able to reveal the influence degree of user satisfaction towards the facilities and services provided in the Eco-city. The user demands analysis method can be used for other researchers worldwide to investigate and quantitively analyze user demands according to their local development situation and preference of Eco-city. The user demands analysis results obtained through this method, can benefit different stages of Eco-city.

scholarly journals Adopting an Actor Analysis Framework to a Complex Technology Innovation Project: A Case Study of an Electric Road System

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 313 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiuchen Wang ◽  
Jannicke Baalsrud Hauge ◽  
Sebastiaan Meijer
Keyword(s):  
Policy Analysis ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Policy Making ◽  
Technology Innovation ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Analysis Methods ◽  
Complex Technology ◽  
Actor Analysis ◽  
Road System

An electric road system (ERS) is a transportation solution that provides electricity for fully electric vehicles while in motion. This solution might contribute to sustainable transportation by overcoming range anxiety problems that fully electric vehicles, especially heavy vehicles, have encountered due to battery technology limitations. However, large-scale ERS implementations are challenging, both technically and socially. An ERS is not only an engineering project, but also a complex technology innovation system composed of multiple subsystems and stakeholders, which requires an interdisciplinary means of aligning relations, problems, and solutions. In the policy analysis domain, researchers have developed actor analysis methods to support policy making processes. Actor analysis methods can provide an analytical reflection in solving complex multi-actor policy making challenges that ERSs are also facing. To uncover the complexity of multiple subsystems and stakeholders involved in an ERS, this paper applied a method to align system characteristics with the stakeholders’ perceptions to understand multi-stakeholder contexts in complex technology innovation projects. Desk research was first conducted to summarise ERS characteristics. Then, the dynamic actor network analysis method framework was adopted to establish an action, factor, goal (AFG) list, which was revised by independent researchers. Next, the AFG list was used to collect the perceptions of the ERS stakeholders, expressed as AFG selections and causal links through stakeholder interviews. The resulting AFG list was iterated through two rounds of interviews and then validated in a Swedish ERS case workshop. The results from this methodology showed that the actor analysis method can not only be applied to policy analysis domains, but can also be applied to technology innovation complex systems, using the electric road system as a case study, to help uncover the ERS complexity from the concerns of stakeholders and to secure a pathway towards sustainable technology implementation.

AN APPROACH FOR HUMAN ERROR MODES AND EFFECTS ANALYSIS USING HTA+ETA

2008 ◽  
Vol 15 (05) ◽  
pp. 465-478
Author(s):  
SUN ZHIQIANG ◽  
XIE HONGWEI ◽  
SHI XIUJIAN ◽  
LIU FENGQIANG ◽  
LI ZHENGYI
Keyword(s):  
Task Analysis ◽  
Human Error ◽  
Event Tree ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Event Tree Analysis ◽  
Human Errors ◽  
Hierarchical Task Analysis ◽  
Tree Analysis ◽  
Generic Framework ◽  
Analytical Tools

A framework for human error modes and effects analysis is presented. The methods of hierarchical task analysis and event tree analysis are introduced as the basic analytical tools, and a novel generic framework for human errors classification is presented as the guidance to identify human errors. Firstly, the process of human error modes and effects analysis is discussed, and the hierarchical task analysis method is introduced briefly. Secondly, the framework for human errors classification is discussed in detail. Thirdly, the multi-states event tree is designed to model the accident scenario. Finally, two scenarios are selected as the examples to illustrate the proposed process of human error modes and effects analysis.

scholarly journals Usability Improvement based on Hierarchical Task Analysis (Case Study on i-Caring)

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Zafif Muttaqy ◽  
Angelina Prima Kurniati ◽  
Yanuar Firdaus A.W
Keyword(s):  
Task Analysis ◽  
Instructional Material ◽  
Interface Quality ◽  
Hierarchical Task Analysis ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Interactive Interface ◽  
Storage Assignment ◽  
The Face ◽  
E Learning

<p>i-Caring (IT Telkom i-Gracias Collaboration and e-learning) is an LMS (Learning Management System)-based e-learning integrated in i-Gracias own by IT Telkom Bandung. This application is being used to facilitate the implementation of learning activities supporting the face-to-face discussion in class. I-Caring supports some functionalities, such as instructional material storage, assignment, quizzes, and communication through chats and forum. But the great functionalities are not supported by an interactive interface, which is not comply to QUIM (Quality in Use Integrated Measurement) standard. This paper explains our research results of evaluation and recommendation process. This research is using Hierarchical Task Analysis (HTA) which has some indicators to analyze the behavior of a sample lecturers and students which are randomly selected. Based on the questionnaires answers, we analyze the relations of each points on HTA principles using SPSS Statistics 20 tools. The recommendations are then formulated to improve i-Gracias user interface quality.</p>

A Comparison of Work Domain and Task Analysis for Identifying Information Requirements: A Case Study of Rural Intersection Decision Support Systems

2007 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 298-302 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason Laberge ◽  
Nicholas Ward ◽  
Michael Rakauskas ◽  
Janet Creaser
Keyword(s):  
Decision Support ◽  
Task Analysis ◽  
System Development ◽  
Significant Activity ◽  
Information Requirements ◽  
Hierarchical Task Analysis ◽  
Present Information ◽  
Work Domain Analysis ◽  
Work Domain

Minnesota drivers are over-represented in accidents at rural intersections and many crashes are attributable to drivers accepting unsafe gaps. In this context, intersection decision support (IDS) systems are promising technologies for supporting driver decision-making. A significant activity during IDS development is to determine the information requirements to display to drivers. To be effective, an IDS system must present information that helps drivers successfully negotiate intersections. This paper compares two methods for identifying information requirements: work domain analysis (WDA) and hierarchical task analysis (HTA). Results showed that 58% of the requirements were identified by WDA, 7% by HTA, and 35% by both methods. An analysis of driver errors at intersections during the HTA activity identified that drivers can perceive gaps at intersections in different ways. This important nuance was not captured in the WDA. Therefore, both WDA and HTA are effective methods for identifying information requirements. Discussion focuses on the importance of both WDA and HTA in IDS system development.

scholarly journals IDENTIFIKASI KESELAMATAN KERJA KEGIATAN BONGKAR MUAT KAPAL PURSE SEINE DI MUNCAR, BANYUWANGI (An Occuputional Safety Identification of Purse Seiner Loading and Unloading Services in Muncar, Banyuwangi)

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 31
Author(s):  
Dinda Ayu Lestari ◽  
Fis Purwangka ◽  
Budhi Hascaryo Iskandar
Keyword(s):  
Task Analysis ◽  
Occupational Safety ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Workplace Safety ◽  
Safety Analysis ◽  
Purse Seine ◽  
Hierarchical Task Analysis ◽  
Job Safety ◽  
Loading And Unloading

 Kegiatan bongkar muat kapal purse seine merupakan kegiatan yang melibatkan banyak orang dan aktivitas. Peluang kecelakaan kerja pada kondisi tersebut dapat terjadi pada setiap tahap aktivitas bongkar muat. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan aktivitas kegiatan bongkar muat kapal purse  seine di PPP Muncar dan mengidentifikasi potensi bahaya pada kegiatan bongkar muat di PPP Muncar. Pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode studi kasus (Sugiono 2010) digunakan untuk mengidentifikasi keselamatan kerja bongkar muat. Analisis deskriptif dengan pendekatan Hierarchical Task Analysis (HTA) dan Job Safety Analysis  (JSA) dilakukan terhadap data observasi langsung di lapangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat 52 aktivitas pada kegiatan bongkar muat. Analisis HTA dan JSA menunjukkan dari 52 kegiatan tersebut yang memiliki kategori tidak bahaya sebanyak 3 (6%) kegiatan, ringan 28 (54%) kegiatan, menengah 20 (38%) kegiatan, dan berat 1 (2%) kegiatan serta tidak ada kegiatan yang dikategorikan fatal.  Hasil wawancara menunjukkan bahwa nelayan yang memiliki pengetahuan mengenai keselamatan kerja saat kegiatan bongkar muat yang diambil dari 50 responden yang ada di PPP Muncar adalah: sangat mengerti 8%, mengerti 36%, cukup mengerti 14%, dan yang tidak mengerti 42%. Adapun nelayan yang sadar akan pentingnya keselamatan kerja pada kegiatan bongkar muat adalah 8% dan yang tidak menyadari pentingnya keselamatan kerja sebesar 92%. Hal yang masih perlu diperhatikan adalah belum adanya Prosedur Operasional  Baku (POB) bongkar muat ikan dan perlunya perbaikan fasilitas bongkar muat untuk menekan peluang terjadinya kecelakaan kerja di PPP Muncar., contohnya seperti yang diterapkan di Pelabuhan Tanjung Priok, dimana dikeluarkan Peraturan Kepala Kantor Otoritas Pelabuhan Tanjung P'riok Nomor: UK.112/2/10/0P.TPK.11 Tahun 2011, mengenai Tata Cara Pelayanan Kapal dan Bongkar Muat Barang Di Pelabuhan Tanjung Priok.  Loading and unloading activities of purse seiner involve a lot of people and works. Possibility of accidents on the condition can occur at any stage of loading and unloading activities. The study aimed are to describe the loading and unloading activities of purse seiner in PPP Muncar and to identify potential hazards in the loading and unloading activities in PPP Muncar. The case study method was used in this research. A descriptive analysis using Hierarchical Task Analysis (HTA) and Job Safety Analysis (JSA) were applied as well. The results showed, there were 52 activities in the loading and unloading. Those activities were categorized as activities with no hazard as much as three activities (6%), 28 activities (54%) were categorized as low hazard, 20 activities (38%) were categorized as medium hazard, 1 activity (2%) as highly hazard and no activities were categorized as fatal.  Concerning the knowledge of fishermen toward  occupational safety on loading and unloading activities, taken from 50 respondents, the result showed that very understand (8%), understand (36%), quite understand (14%) and 42% of respondents who do not understand. As for the fishermen who were aware of the importance of workplace safety in loading and unloading activities only 8% and the rest (98%) were not aware of the importance of workplace safety. It was worth to note that the absence of Standard Operational Procedure (SOP) for loading and unloading fish and the need to improve loading and unloading facilities to avoid the chances of  accidents at PPP Muncar.  

A Qualitative Failure Analysis Using Function-Based Performance State-Machines for Fault Identification and Propagation During Early Design Phases

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charlie B. DeStefano ◽  
David C. Jensen
Keyword(s):  
Failure Analysis ◽  
Failure Modes ◽  
Fault Identification ◽  
Manufacturing Processes ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Well Performance ◽  
Early Design ◽  
Analysis Methods ◽  
Potential Failure

In a time when major technological advancements are happening at incredible rates and where demands for next-generation systems are constantly growing, advancements in failure analysis methods must constantly be developed, as well. Performance and safety are always top concerns for high-risk complex systems, and therefore, it is important for new failure analysis methods to be explored in order to obtain more useful and comprehensive failure information as early as possible, particularly during early design phases when detailed models might not yet exist. Therefore, this paper proposes a qualitative, function-based failure analysis method for early design phases that is capable of not only analyzing potential failure modes for physical components, but also for any manufacturing processes that might cause failures, as well. In this paper, the proposed method is first described in general and then applied in a case study of a proposed design for a nanochannel DNA sequencing device. Lastly, this paper discusses how more advanced and detailed analyses can be incorporated into this approach during later design phases, when more failure information becomes available.

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