Music and meaning

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian Cross ◽  
Elizabeth Tolbert
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Research ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Multiple Perspectives ◽  
Musical Meaning ◽  
Cognitive Sciences ◽  
Scientific Exploration ◽  
Music And Meaning ◽  
Theories Of Meaning ◽  
Cognitive Dimensions

This article presents an overview of theories of meaning that have been, and that may be, applicable to investigating music, particularly its cognitive dimensions. Some theories have had more impact on the scientific exploration of music's significance than others, which have been unduly neglected. Theoretical and empirical research into musical meaning is still at an early stage within the cognitive sciences; it is important that multiple perspectives on meaning in music, particularly those emerging from the study of music in non-Western contexts, are taken fully into account in future explorations of musical meaning within the cognitive sciences.

Forging Women's Substantive Representation: Intersectional Interests, Political Parity, and Pensions in Bolivia

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 433-459 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina Ewig
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Research ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Political Process ◽  
The Political ◽  
Multiple Perspectives ◽  
Substantive Representation ◽  
Specific Context ◽  
Pension Reforms ◽  
Political Processes ◽  
Political Intersectionality

AbstractLacking tools to measure substantive representation, empirical research to date has determined women’s substantive representation by identifying “women’s interests” a priori, with little attention to differences across race, class, or other inequalities. To address this problem, I develop the concept of intersectional interests and a method for identifying these. Intersectional interests represent multiple perspectives and are forged through a process of political intersectionality that purposefully includes historically marginalized perspectives. These interests can be parsed into three types: expansionist, integrationist, and reconceived. Identification of intersectional interests requires, first, an inductive mapping of the differing women’s perspectives that exist in a specific context and then an examination of the political processes that lead to these new, redefined interests. I demonstrate the concept of intersectional interests and how to identify these in Bolivia, where I focus on the political process of forging reconceived intersectional interests in Bolivia’s political parity and pension reforms.

The Media-Sphere as Dream

2016 ◽  
pp. 232-260
Author(s):  
Stephen Brock Schafer
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Research ◽  
Electronic Media ◽  
Cognitive Sciences ◽  
Media Environment ◽  
Psychological States ◽  
Cognitive Organization ◽  
Dramatic Form ◽  
The Media ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Cognitive Dimensions

The psychological nature of the electronic media environment is a virtual reality that—according to Jungian principles—is dreamlike. Perhaps it can be analyzed with Jung's Analytical Psychology. Science is experiencing a paradigm shift into a reality of mediated illusion, and psychological research on this illusion has become the human imperative. It may be stipulated that physics has abolished matter, conceding that “reality is organized mind stuff.” If cosmos is structured holographically and the brain is structured holonomically, it is probable that “mind stuff” is structured holographically. The Jungian concept of Psyche is a good place to begin researching the Media-sphere as mind stuff. Cognitive sciences are probing the brain and nervous system in search of the template for cognitive organization, and the salient features have already emerged. It appears that both conscious and unconsciousness cognitive dimensions have dramatic form. This dreamlike structure can be employed to analyze the media dream, and to foster coherent psychological states in contextual collectives.

The Media-Sphere as Dream

2020 ◽  
pp. 343-371
Author(s):  
Stephen Brock Schafer
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Research ◽  
Electronic Media ◽  
Cognitive Sciences ◽  
Media Environment ◽  
Psychological States ◽  
Cognitive Organization ◽  
Dramatic Form ◽  
The Media ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Cognitive Dimensions

The psychological nature of the electronic media environment is a virtual reality that—according to Jungian principles—is dreamlike. Perhaps it can be analyzed with Jung's Analytical Psychology. Science is experiencing a paradigm shift into a reality of mediated illusion, and psychological research on this illusion has become the human imperative. It may be stipulated that physics has abolished matter, conceding that “reality is organized mind stuff.” If cosmos is structured holographically and the brain is structured holonomically, it is probable that “mind stuff” is structured holographically. The Jungian concept of Psyche is a good place to begin researching the Media-sphere as mind stuff. Cognitive sciences are probing the brain and nervous system in search of the template for cognitive organization, and the salient features have already emerged. It appears that both conscious and unconsciousness cognitive dimensions have dramatic form. This dreamlike structure can be employed to analyze the media dream, and to foster coherent psychological states in contextual collectives.

The Personal Functioning of Pastors: A Review of Empirical Research with Implications for the Care of Pastors

1997 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 240-253 ◽  
Author(s):  
Todd W. Hall
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
Empirical Research ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Stress And Coping ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Spiritual Functioning ◽  
Divorce Adjustment ◽  
Personal Functioning ◽  
And Coping

The present article surveys the available empirical research on the personal (psychological/spiritual) functioning of pastors. The literature is divided into six major areas: emotional well-being, stress and coping, marital/divorce adjustment, family adjustment, burnout, and impairment. The research in each area is critically reviewed and summarized, and directions for future research are suggested. The primary conclusion is that interpersonal/relational deficits are associated with the vast majority of psychological problems faced by pastors, and thus need to be addressed, particularly at an early stage of the pastor's career.

scholarly journals Multiparametric MRI analysis for the evaluation of renal function in patients with hyperuricemia: a preliminary study

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
You-Zhen Feng ◽  
Xiang-Nan Dong ◽  
Qi-Ting Lin ◽  
Ping-Kang Chen ◽  
Xiao-Qing Xiong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renal Dysfunction ◽  
Roc Curve ◽  
Diffusion Tensor ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Gouty Arthritis ◽  
Blood Oxygen Level Dependent ◽  
Multiparametric Mri ◽  
Multiple Perspectives ◽  
Diagnostic Efficacy ◽  
Detection And Identification

Abstract Background To investigate the renal dysfunction in patients with hyperuricemia by employing a multiparametric MRI protocol, consisting of quantitative water molecule diffusion, microstructure, microscopic perfusion, and oxygenation measurements in kidneys. Materials and methods A total of 48 patients with hyperuricemia (HU) and 22 age-matched healthy control subjects (HC) were enrolled in the study. For each participant, three different functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) sequences were acquired and analyzed, including intravoxel incoherent motion imaging (IVIM), diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), and blood-oxygen-level-dependent MRI (BOLD). Thereafter, an independent two-sample t-test was applied to discover the significant differences of MRI indices between the hyperuricemia (HU) and HC groups, and the specific potential biomarkers between two subgroups of HU group (asymptomatic hyperuricemia group (AH) and gouty arthritis group (GA)). Further, multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to classify the AH from the GA group using the MRI indices with significant between-group differences. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was plotted, and the area under the ROC curve (AUC) was calculated to assess the performance of each MR index for differentiation between the AH and GA groups. Results Ten parametric values of the HU group were significantly lower than those of the HC group among the 14 fMRI parameters (P < 0.05). The cortical D, D*, and f values and medullary D and R2*values had significant differences between the AH and GA groups (P < 0.05). Combining the cortical D and f values and medullary R2* value gave the best diagnostic efficacy, yielding an AUC, sensitivity, and specificity of 0.967 ± 0.022, 91.67%, and 95.83%, respectively. Conclusions A multiparametric MR analysis plays an important role in the evaluation of renal dysfunction in hyperuricemia from multiple perspectives. It could be a promising method for noninvasive detection and identification of the early-stage renal damage induced by hyperuricemia.

Mergers by family firms and managerial delegation: a Cournot model and empirical evidence from Spain

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Manel Antelo ◽  
David Peón ◽  
Xosé-Manuel Martínez-Filgueira
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Research ◽  
Price Competition ◽  
Family Firms ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Service Differentiation ◽  
Strategic Delegation ◽  
Large Variability ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Ex Post ◽  
Ex Ante

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to analyse a key research hypothesis: Do firms ruled by managers have a greater rationale to implement a mergers and acquisitions (M&A) than (family) firms managed by their owners? Design/methodology/approach This paper uses an organizational-delegation-quantity oligopoly game to examine the profitability of M&As for firms that strategically delegate production decisions to managers versus family firms with no strategic delegation. This paper delimits the condition for delegation as aimed at increasing merger profitability: non-family CEOs will implement mergers more frequently than family CEOs and more so for inefficient firms because these require fewer synergies. The paper tests the main propositions with data on all M&As by small and medium firms in Spain in 2017 and 2018. Findings The greater the average operating margin of a firm, the more likely a merger, which is also more likely between non-family firms. The evidence of higher ex post synergies by firms is not statistically significant due to large variability, suggesting that some family firms did not obtain the expected ex ante synergies. The lesson is that family firms competing in an environment of high marginal costs (e.g. industries in the early stage of the life cycle) seeking to grow through inorganic means such as M&As have an incentive to professionalize management. Research limitations/implications This paper models competition in a Cournot fashion, representative of industries where firms compete in terms of sales growth and increased market share. Other results might hold in industries where firms are oriented to price competition or to service differentiation. The empirical research uses proxies for key variables such as the form of firm governance and unit costs, while hypotheses on ex ante synergies driving merger decisions had to be tested through ex post synergies. Originality/value M&As by small firms and family firms remain largely unexplored in the literature. This paper contributes with both a theoretical model and empirical research that highlight the implications of strategic delegation contracts for M&A deals.

Terrorism, competitiveness, and international marketing: an empirical investigation

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 310-329
Author(s):  
Valbona Zeneli ◽  
Michael R. Czinkota ◽  
Gary Knight
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Research ◽  
Multinational Enterprises ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Qualitative Interviews ◽  
International Marketing ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to research the relationship between terrorism and multinational enterprises (MNEs), focusing on operational costs, marketing planning, supply chain management, and distribution activities. Terrorism is a growing threat to internationally active firms, but there has been no empirical research to address the distinctive challenges that terrorism poses for the international marketing activities of firms. Design/methodology/approach The paper opted for an exploratory investigation, following a two-phase research design. In the first phase it was based on qualitative interviews with internationally active firms. In the second phase, an online survey of a large sample of international firms based in the USA was performed. All measures were developed specifically for the study. Findings The paper provides empirical insights about how terrorism affects MNEs, especially those operating in emerging markets. It suggests that terrorism accounts for significant costs in the international marketing budget of MNEs, as well as in planning, and the design of supply chains and distribution channels. Findings also reveal that firms with significant resources and international experience appear to cope better with terrorism’s effects. Research limitations/implications Given the early stage of empirical research on terrorism and international marketing, this study was necessarily exploratory. Practical implications The paper includes implications and suggestions for multinational companies to increase the security of their businesses through the development of corporate preparedness. Social implications Terrorism represents not only an organizational crisis at the level of a firm, but it affects the whole society. Originality/value This paper fulfills an identified need to study the relationship between the growing threat of terrorism and international business.

La literacy matematica nella scuola italiana

Sinappsi ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 68
Author(s):  
Giovanna Di Castro
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Gender Gap ◽  
School Environment ◽  
Multidisciplinary Approach ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Female Students ◽  
Mathematical Literacy ◽  
The Family ◽  
Oecd Pisa ◽  
Cognitive Dimensions

L’articolo analizza le differenze di genere nella literacy matematica nella fase iniziale del ciclo di istruzione secondario. Attraverso un approccio multidisciplinare e l’analisi di dati ottenuti dall’indagine OECD-PISA, si dimostra come lo svantaggio delle studentesse sia correlato significativamente a dimensioni non cognitive come la fiducia, le aspettative e gli stereotipi assorbiti in ambito familiare e scolastico. Le evidenze suggeriscono l’opportunità di ridurre gli ostacoli all’investimento in discipline STEM, per aumentare le prospettive occupazionali e di inclusione delle donne. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- This paper analyzes gender gap in mathematical literacy in the early stage of secondary education. Using a multidisciplinary approach and data drawn from OECD-PISA surveys, we show that the disadvantage of female students is related to non-cognitive dimensions such as confidence, expectations and stereotypes absorbed in the family and school environment. The evidence suggests the opportunity to reduce obstacles faced by female in investing in STEM disciplines, in order to increase their employment and labor market inclusion perspectives

Meaning and Scepticism

2020 ◽  
pp. 783-802
Author(s):  
Paul Boghossian
Keyword(s):  
Slow Movement ◽  
Piano Concerto ◽  
Musical Meaning ◽  
Absolute Music ◽  
Music And Meaning ◽  
Generic Sense

This chapter revisits the classic questions whether absolute music can express extra-musical meaning and whether such meaning should be thought of as playing an important role in our understanding and appreciation of music. It argues that music’s expressive ability plays a central role in our conception of its phenomenology and value—in our perception of music as expressive and in its capacity to move us, both in the understudied generic sense, and in the sense of arousing specific emotions in us. It examines a type of scepticism about music’s expressive ability made influential by Eduard Hanslick and considers to what extent it can be answered. The chapter concludes that, while the extreme scepticism espoused by Hanslick cannot be sustained, his discussion teaches us deep lessons about the expressive indeterminacy involved in music. The chapter illustrates some of the issues it deals with through an analysis of the slow movement of Beethoven’s Piano Concerto No. 4 in G Major and explores the connection between meaning in music and meaning in poetry.

scholarly journals Different perspectives on non-genetic inheritance illustrate the versatile utility of the Price equation in evolutionary biology

2020 ◽  
Vol 375 (1797) ◽  
pp. 20190366 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heikki Helanterä ◽  
Tobias Uller
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Research ◽  
Evolutionary Biology ◽  
The Other ◽  
Price Equation ◽  
Multiple Perspectives ◽  
Theme Issue ◽  
Genetic Inheritance ◽  
Evolutionary Studies ◽  
Research Programmes ◽  
The One

The diversity of genetic and non-genetic processes that make offspring resemble their parents are increasingly well understood. In addition to genetic inheritance, parent–offspring similarity is affected by epigenetic, behavioural and cultural mechanisms that collectively can be referred to as non-genetic inheritance. Given the generality of the Price equation as a description of evolutionary change, is it not surprising that the Price equation has been adopted to model the evolutionary implications of non-genetic inheritance. In this paper, we briefly introduce the heredity perspectives on which those models rely, discuss the extent to which these perspectives make different assumptions and place different emphases on the roles of heredity and development in evolution, and the types of empirical research programmes they motivate. The existence of multiple perspectives and explanatory aims highlight, on the one hand, the versatility of the Price equation and, on the other hand, the importance of understanding how heredity and development can be conceptualized in evolutionary studies. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Fifty years of the Price equation’.

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