Regional Economic Integration organizationsthe European Union as an Example

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ludwig Krämer
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Environmental Law ◽  
International Environmental Agreements ◽  
International Level ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
Regional Organisation ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Eu

The European Union (EU), through the European Community (EC), is the only regional organisation that has the declared policy to pursue both the objectives of economic growth and environmental protection. At the international level, the EC has the competence to negotiate and conclude treaties with states that are not members of the EU. EU member states also participate in the negotiation and conclusion of international environmental agreements. As the EU increasingly tries to speak at the international level with one voice in environmental matters, it has the potential of progressively growing into the role of an important negotiator, initiator, and actor that influences the evolution of international law. This article first describes the EU's institutions and procedures, and then traces the development of EC environmental law. It also explores the characteristics of EU environmental law and policy, regulatory tools and approaches (command and control, economic instruments, etc.), concepts and principles in EU environmental law, sustainable development, and environmental rights. Finally, the article addresses lessons to learn from the EU environmental experience.

Turkey and Europe: The Role of Migration

2013 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 394-399
Author(s):  
Pieter Emmer
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Political Parties ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Full Member ◽  
Turkish Immigrants ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Eu

In spite of the fact that negotiations have been going on for years, the chances that Turkey will eventually become a full member of the European Union are slim. At present, a political majority among the EU-member states headed by Germany seems to oppose Turkey entering the EU. In the Netherlands, however, most political parties are still in favour of Turkey's membership. That difference coincides with the difference in the position of Turkish immigrants in German and Dutch societies.

European Union Rights and Values in Human Health

2019 ◽  
pp. 16-51
Author(s):  
Anniek de Ruijter
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
European Union ◽  
National Policy ◽  
Fundamental Rights ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Member States ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
Eu Fundamental Rights ◽  
The Eu

This book looks at the impact of the expanding power of the EU in terms of fundamental rights and values. The current chapter lays down the framework for this analysis. Law did not always have a central role to play in the context of medicine and health. The role of law grew after the Second Word War and the Nuremberg Doctors Trials (1947), in which preventing the repetition of atrocities that were committed in the name of medicine became a guidepost for future law regarding patients’ rights and bioethics. In the period after the War, across the EU Member States, health law developed as a legal discipline in which a balance was struck in medicine and public health between law, bioethics, and fundamental rights. The role of EU fundamental rights protections in the context of public health and health care developed in relation with the growth of multilevel governance and litigation (national, international, Council of Europe, and European Union). For the analysis here, this chapter develops an EU rights and values framework that goes beyond the strictly legal and allows for a ‘normative language’ that takes into consideration fundamental rights as an expression of important shared values in the context of the European Union. The perspective of EU fundamental rights and values can demonstrate possible tensions caused by EU health policy: implications in terms of fundamental rights can show how highly sensitive national policy issues may be affected by the Member States’ participation in EU policymaking activities.

Frontex: Towards a Common Policy on External Border Control

2013 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 359-385 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberta Mungianu
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Border Control ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Member States ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
Joint Operations ◽  
And Control ◽  
European Agency ◽  
The Eu ◽  
Common Policy

Abstract Operational cooperation at the external borders of the EU is part of the EU process of supranationalisation since 2006, when the Justice and Home Affairs Council Conclusions identified operational cooperation as a component of a common policy on external border control. Operational cooperation is supported by the European Agency for the Management of Operational Cooperation at the External Borders of the Member States of the European Union (Frontex). In this article I will focus on the extent to which the establishment of Frontex marks the shift of sovereignty from Member States to EU institutions in EU external border control. The analysis of two aspects of operational cooperation through Frontex – joint operations and European Border Guard Teams – shows the EU’s achievement in implementing a common policy on external border control. Nevertheless, EU Member States’ ‘sovereignty clauses’ for the surveillance and control of their external borders prevent the EU from fully exercising its power.

scholarly journals Prospects for Taxation of Digital Companies in the European Union: Problems and Contradictions

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 25-31
Author(s):  
M. V. Lysunets
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Optimal Taxation ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
Existing Problems ◽  
Digital Services ◽  
Alternative Approaches ◽  
Future Direction ◽  
The Eu

In the article, the author examines the trends in taxation of digital companies in the European Union (EU), as well as analyses the challenges posed by digitalisation to the current tax system, alternative approaches to taxation of digital companies; identifies existing problems in the taxation of digital companies; considers the challenges and contradictions of introducing additional taxes on digital services. Based on official EU statistics, the author analyses the specifics and problems of taxation of digital companies in the territory of the EU Member States and the entire region as a whole, and consider the role of various tools in the development of optimal taxation of such companies. The result of the study revealed a separate injustice in the taxation of digital companies compared to traditional companies, identified the main problems of the taxation of digital companies, defined the future direction of development of the taxation of digital companies in the EU.

Radio spectrum regulation as a matter of international affairs: discussing the effectiveness of the European Union at World Radiocommunication Conferences

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 373-398 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Massaro
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Radio Spectrum ◽  
Coalition Building ◽  
The European Union ◽  
International Affairs ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
The Eu

Purpose This paper aims to discuss the effectiveness of the European Union (EU) at World Radiocommunication Conferences (WRCs) by comparing EU objectives prior to and outcomes of recent WRCs. Design/methodology/approach A thematic analysis of qualitative data extracted from documents is conducted. The effectiveness of the EU is discussed by using the concepts of agenda-setting and coalition-building, borrowed from international relations literature. Findings A clear conclusion on EU effectiveness could not be drawn based on the degree of match between EU objectives and WRC outcomes. Other factors need to be included in the analysis, such as relevance of the EU’s participation at WRCs to the EU member states and availability and allocation of EU resources to the various stages of the WRC process. Research limitations/implications Further research is encouraged to investigate the role of the EU at WRCs. In particular, interviews with experts involved in the WRC process may help gather relevant information on EU relevance and EU resource availability and allocation. Originality/value This paper contributes to existing research on international radio spectrum regulation by drawing attention to the role of the EU as an international actor.

scholarly journals Bulgarian Vector for North Macedonia Foreign Policy: the Problem of Identity

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 86-96
Author(s):  
P. A. Smirnov
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Negotiation Process ◽  
Economic Implication ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
European Union Enlargement ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The Eu

The article is devoted to the role of the identity factor in the Bulgarian-Macedonian relations. The main controversial issues acute in the period 1991–2021 are the question of the independence of the Macedonian language and the question of the “starting point” of Macedonian history. The foreign policy of the Macedonian republic is investigated in the context of Balkan states` striving for Euro- Atlantic integration. An important part of the study is analyzing the problems of the European Union enlargement to the south-east.As a result of the research, the author comes to several conclusions: Sofia’s opposition to Skopje’s accession to the EU has a solid economic implication; relations with the Bulgarian state have always been of key importance for the Macedonian republic, regardless of plans to join NATO and the EU, since touched upon the key issues of self-determination of the Macedonian people; the rhetoric of the Bulgarian side has a certain tendency to revise the role of Bulgaria in the Second World War, which is categorically unacceptable for the EU member states seeking to withdraw the historical agenda from the negotiation process on the Republic of North Macedonia’s accession to the European Union.

scholarly journals International and Supranational Means of Protection of Taxpayers` Rights within the Framework of Automatic Exchange of Information on Financial Accounts: Experience of the European Union

Taxes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 30-35
Author(s):  
Stanislav S. Ageev ◽  
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Fundamental Rights ◽  
European Convention ◽  
International Level ◽  
The European Union ◽  
General Data Protection Regulation ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Financial Account ◽  
The Eu

In this article the problem of protection of taxpayers’ rights in the context of automatic exchange of financial account information is studied. This problem is a particular case of a wider problem inherent to tax law in general — the problem of finding a balance between private and public interest. The author researches this problem on the example of the European Union since in the EU taxpayers have not only international but supranational remedies as well. On the international level the provisions of tax treaties, the EU Charter of fundamental rights and the European convention on human rights are analyzed. The conclusion on the advantages and disadvantages of each tax treaty is made. On the supranational level the Directive on administrative cooperation and General data protection regulation are studied. Then the conclusion on their influence on national legislation of the EU Member States follows. In the end the ways of improvement of taxpayers’ remedies on the international level are suggested. One of them is the additions to Multilateral convention on mutual administrative assistance in tax matters of 1988 that is currently the only universal tax treaty.

scholarly journals Perceptions of EU mediation and mediation effectiveness: Comparing perspectives from Ukraine and the EU

2019 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 506-523 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalia Chaban ◽  
Ole Elgström ◽  
Michèle Knodt
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Member States ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
Mediation Effectiveness ◽  
The Eu

A small but growing literature has started to analyse the European Union (EU) ‘as an effective peacemaker’. We make a contribution to this field by investigating EU mediation effectiveness in the Russia–Ukraine conflict. The focus is on perceptions of effectiveness. Based on information from semi-structured interviews, we compare EU self-images with Ukrainian evaluations of EU mediation efforts. How effective is the EU, including its Member States, deemed to be? What factors are believed to lie behind perceived (in)effectiveness? We concentrate on four such factors, derived from the mediator literature: perceived (im)partiality, coherence and credibility and, finally, evaluations of the EU’s mediation strategies. Both internal and external views singled out EU member states as the most effective actors in current mediation. The role of EU was seen in ambivalent terms by both sides. All the four determinants of mediation effectiveness are discussed in our material, but differ considerably in the degree of attention given to each of them. While (im)partiality is not a factor that is linked to effectiveness in any straightforward way, EU incoherence is associated with inconsistent and weak policies, notably in the Ukraine material.

The European Union

2019 ◽  
pp. 148-170
Author(s):  
Markus Gehring ◽  
Freedom-Kai Phillips ◽  
Emma Lees
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Water Conservation ◽  
Environmental Law ◽  
Access To Information ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Implementation Framework ◽  
Member States ◽  
Court Of Justice ◽  
The Eu

This chapter examines the environmental law of the European Union. It first provides an overview of the early development of EU environmental law and its Treaty bases before discussing the structure and substance of EU environmental law. In particular, it considers both the transversal elements of environmental law (environmental principles, access to information and justice, environmental impact assessment, principles of liability) and its regulation of various areas such as chemicals/waste, water, conservation, air pollution, and climate change. It also explores the EU’s indirect and other influences on the environmental law of its Member States, as well as the implementation framework for the EU environmental law. The chapter concludes with an analysis of the administration of European environmental law, with emphasis on the role of Member States in administrative enforcement and the role of the Court of Justice of the European Union in the development of environmental policy across the EU.

scholarly journals LEGAL APPROACHES TO THE ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND ROBOTS REGULATION IN THE EUROPEAN UNION AND ITS MEMBER STATES

2020 ◽  
pp. 121-128
Author(s):  
T. S. Zaplatina
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Mutual Recognition ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Member States ◽  
Legal Rules ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
Ethical And Legal Issues ◽  
The Eu

This article is devouted to the analises of legal approaches to the regulation of artifi cial intelligence in the European Union and its member states. The European Union, Austria, France and Germany legal regulation analysis shows that at that moment there is no single approach regarding the legal regulation of artifi cial intelligence and robots. So, current legal rules are not fully applicable in the scope of contractual liability, that creates need for the adoption of new eff ective standards meeting modern technological achievements and innovations. There is important role of ethical and legal issues associating with risks in the fi eld of human rights and fundamental freedoms, issues developing ethical principles in artifi cial intelligence algorithms. The single legal European approach will help to avoid fragmentation of the EU Member States legislation and will expand the possibilities of mutual recognition in the cross-border use of robots and robotic systems.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document