How to Build a Great Eurasian Partnership?

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International Legal Features of the Constitutional Rights Implementation of the EAEU Member States Citizens in the Field of Pensions

This article considers the pension provision of workers of the Eurasian Economic Union member states based on an analysis of the EAEU legislation and a comparative analysis of the domestic pension legislation of the EAEU member states in order to identify the features of their citizens’ social protection in the event of disability. The article discusses the procedure for organizing pensions provision with the application of an Agreement on Pension Provisions for Workers of the EAEU member states of 20 December 2019.

The Development Trajectory of the Eurasian Economic Union Is a One-Way Road

The EAEU, as one of the key integration associations of our time, is at the initial stage of its life cycle. This fact objectively presupposes, along with undoubted successes, the need for the EAEU to function in a problematic field, in the face of certain challenges, threats and risks. The main challenge to Eurasian integration is the “zero carbon footprint” and the EU’s intention to introduce a cross-border carbon tax as a tool for climate regulation. For a Eurasian response to the global challenge of zero carbon footprint, it is advisable to create an exchange of absorbing emissions within the EAEU. Experimental approaches, such as the introduction of an export duty on the carbon footprint, should to be used to create a funding mechanism for scientific and technical cooperation.

European Ai-Policy Space

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is one of the central technologies of the fourth industrial revolution. A significant part of the production of surplus value in the XXI century is associated with the mastery and widespread introduction of technologies, which contributes to the consolidation of technological competition as an object of state policy and an important component of international relations. The European Union today occupies a leading position in the field of technology development and Since 2018 the EU is in the process of forming a unified strategy in the field of AI, the directions, principles and approaches of which are the main subject of this article.The study is primarily based on the analysis of official documents included in the EU Strategy on AI: White Paper, Coordination Plan, Proposal for a Regulation establishing harmonized rules for artificial intelligence in the EU, documents of the expert groups of the European Commission, etc. The analysis of the EU policy to promote its own vision and approaches at the international level is based on theoretical models of the concept of “soft power” and the neo-institutional approach.Against the backdrop of fierce global technological competition, the EU was one of the first in the world to form a holistic strategy for the development of AI technologies. This makes it possible not only to strengthen its own position as a world leader in the field of innovative technologies, but also to significantly expand the intra-European and international integration agenda, as well as to supplement the European arsenal of soft power with tools to promote its own norms, standards and ethical principles of AI development at the global level.The key directions of the EU AI Policy are identified and disclosed. These include investments in technologies, creating conditions for their development, promoting development and implementation, creating an educational and regulatory environment, promoting the European vision of AI technology development at the international level. The authors considered key mechanisms of political regulation at the EU level, forms of interaction between stakeholders, approaches to promoting common principles in the field of ethics and security of AI technologies within the EU and at the international level.

Eurasianism and Foreign Policy of Russia

In order to determine the possibilities of wider application of the ideas of Eurasianism in the foreign policy of Russia, including the EAEU, but not limited to it, an analysis of various methods and approaches used for integration processes is carried out. At the same time, the current geopolitical situation and the factors of multi-vector approach in international relations are taken into account. It is also proposed to take in attention the role of identity in a broad sense as a political attraction. At the same time, various problems at the organizational, social, humanitarian and economic levels are also considered. The broad security factors that also play a role in the Eurasian integration are also taken into account. The relevance of this study is due not only to the implementation of strategic directions within the EAEU, but also to the general course towards multipolarity that Russia is pursuing. In addition, the crisis of liberal democracy in the West provides an additional opportunity for Russia to implement its own ideas and doctrines at the international level. The author believes that Eurasianism, including its classical version, can become one of the imperatives of Russia’s foreign policy.

On the Guard of the Truth of History

The article focuses on the continuing relevance of research in the field of military history for the joint solution of problems of cooperation and security from the Atlantic to the Pacific Ocean within the framework of the Greater Eurasian Partnership. The historical path of the Research Institute (military history) the Military Academy of the General Staff of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation is described consistently stopping at the stages of its activity. The information about the formation of the Institute, its structure, tasks, and the heads of the Institute is presented. The article provides an overview of fundamental works, research works performed by the Institute’s staff, information about famous scientists, laureates of various awards. The contribution of the Institute’s staff to the implementation of the state programs “Patriotic education of citizens of the Russian Federation” is shown. The range of tasks solved in the interests of federal state authorities and subjects of the Russian Federation, military administration bodies is characterized. The contribution of the Institute to the provision of the educational process of military educational institutions, the holding of international Olympiads of cadets of military educational organizations of higher education of the CIS member states on military history is observed. An overview of the international activities of the Institute within the framework of the International Commission of Military History, with the CIS countries, the CSTO, the EAEU is given. The role of the Institute in solving the problems of scientific information in the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation in terms of the history of wars and military art, in countering attempts to falsify and distort military history that harm the interests of the Russian Federation is shown. It is emphasized that the main content of the Institute’s activities is the need to preserve the truth about the victory of the Soviet multinational people in the Great Patriotic War, strengthen cooperation with relevant organizations and structures of the states of the Eurasian Economic Union, the Collective Security Treaty Organization, the Union State.

The Union State in the Perception of Business: Are There Any Effects on Economic Integration?

The Union State of Russia and Belarus is the longest-lasting regional integration project in the postSoviet space. The biggest volume of contradictions is accumulated in the area of economic integration, including the interaction between Russian and Belarusian enterprises. However, it is the corporate integration (“integration from below”) that creates prerequisites for achieving economic integration goals and objectives of the Union State. The aim of the research is to analyze the perception of the Union State by Russian regional enterprises as a project of economic integration of Russia and Belarus. The method of research is a semi-structured focused interview with representatives (owners, managers) of Sverdlovsk Region enterprises operating in Belarus. The article is structured as follows: the first part analyzes the economic integration of Russia and Belarus in the framework of the Union State. The second part is devoted to the description of the research design and characteristics of the sample. The third part answers the question whether the perception of Russian regional business has any effects on economic integration from the Union State. The analysis of regional enterprises’ perception of such integration project as the Union State shows that for the majority of respondents it is a political project that does not give significant economic benefits to Russian enterprises. Research results: a) most enterprises do not seek deeper economic integration of Russia and Belarus; b) Russian enterprises do not view the Union State as a single and economically beneficial space for doing business; c) Russian enterprises see the need to remove national barriers to facilitate interaction between Russian and Belarusian enterprises.

The Role of the Country’s Status in the EAEU

Integration associations in the modern world. Depending on the foreign economic and foreign policy priorities of the country, its status in the integration associations is designated. In the course of writing this article, based on empirical and theoretical research methods, it was possible to determine the difference between the types of participation of countries in international organizations, highlight the main reasons for countries to obtain observer status with the Eurasian Economic Union, and also analyze the prospects for expanding the integration association.

From the Belovezhskiye Agreements to the Eurasian Economic Union: 30 Years of Experience

The article examines the reasons for the collapse of the USSR and the signing of the Belovezhskiye Agreements. The thirty-year experience of Eurasian integration in the post-Soviet space is summarized. There is an analysis of role of the Commonwealth of Independent States in the processes of regional economic integration carried out in the last decade of 20th century, in the context of the separation of the post-Soviet republics. It is shown that the members which are states of the Eurasian Economic Union and the Collective Security Treaty Organization fully fulfill the obligations assumed within the framework of the Belovezhskaya Agreements upon secession from the USSR. The article reveals the objective conditionality of the participation of the CIS countries in anti-Russian, pseudo-European projects by a policy of different directions. New economic priorities of Eurasian integration, institutional problems and prospects of the Eurasian Economic Union are investigated.

Terrorism as a Special Form of Political Fight in the Modern World

Terrorism is not a new phenomenon in human history, and since ancient times, various political and social forces have tried to seize power in this way, resorting to violence and intimidation. Various forces saw terrorism as a means of fighting their opponents. In the middle Ages, terrorism acquired a special status in European countries as a special form of political struggle to protect the interests of the state, church and religious authorities.The very act of officially killing criminals in any form was committed with the aim of intimidating people and various sectors of society. The violence of the marginalized, expressed by the term “terror,” has become more common in modern French political history. The advocates of the reform saw the protection of the interests and freedoms of the individual with the help of terrorism as an effective means of political struggle. However, later this term was considered a negative act, and terrorism was presented as a crime against the state. That is, since the end of the 18th century, the term “terror” has been used in a negative sense.Especially at the current stage of the development of human society, terrorism has acquired more frightening features. Terrorists kill innocent people to intimidate the public and authorities. Terrorism has become one of the main instruments of the struggle for power, the protection of group, ethnic, racial and other interests.