Decentralizing Culture

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Franco
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Values ◽  
Public History ◽  
Public Discourse ◽  
Historical Analysis ◽  
Participatory Management ◽  
Community History ◽  
Shared Authority ◽  
Civic Dialogue ◽  
Inner Dialogue ◽  
Historical Resources

This chapter defines community in its broadest sense as shared experience based on ethnicity, racial origins, religion, geography, or other cultural values. It provides examples of public history projects in museums, preservation of historical resources, and oral history that demonstrate how the collaborative nature of community history requires shared authority, dialogue, and participatory management. These projects exemplify best practices for successful community-based history that balance experience with expertise; historical analysis with current-day relevance; and inner dialogue with public discourse. The chapter considers why community history matters as a form of civic dialogue and how emerging technology may impact and challenge public history dialogue in the future.

Teaching Tact

Tact ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 59-96
Author(s):  
David Russell
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Values ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Public Discourse ◽  
Matthew Arnold ◽  
Theory Of Education ◽  
The World

This chapter shows that, for while it is true that Matthew Arnold focused on “the question of cultural values and intellectual and aesthetic standards,” the chapter suggests that it was precisely this focus that enabled Arnold to develop, against the grain of public discourse, an egalitarian ethic and a theory of education founded in the practice of tact. Arnold's writings propose, not a prescriptive content (of specific objects, rules, values, canonical goods), but a tactful mode of relation. It is a handling of experience, which is “adequate,” in Arnold's term, both to relieving the strain of, and finding new—egalitarian and creative—possibilities for, aesthetic freedom in modern social life. This effect of tact Arnold calls “deliverance,” and a “help out of our present difficulties.” It is a relation, a formal movement of making contact with the world, rather than an appropriation of the knowledge that would master it.

Mass Communication and Policy Gatekeeping

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard T. Craig
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Values ◽  
Mass Communication ◽  
Public Discourse ◽  
Media Audiences ◽  
The Public ◽  
Content Selection ◽  
Private Citizens ◽  
The Media ◽  
The One ◽  
Flow Of Information

Who filters through information and determines what information is shared with media audiences? Who filters through information and determines what information will not be shared with media audiences? Ultimately, who controls the flow of information in the media? At times commentary pertaining to media content references media as an omnipotent individual entity selecting the content transmitted to the public, reminiscent of a Wizard of Oz manner of the all-powerful being behind the curtain. Overlooked in this perception is the reality that in mass media, there are various individuals in positions of power making decisions about the information accessed by audiences of various forms of media. These individuals are considered gatekeepers: wherein the media functions as a gate permitting some matters to be publicized and included into the public discourse while restricting other matters from making it to the public conscience. Media gatekeepers (i.e., journalists, editors) possess the power to control the gate by determining the content delivered to audiences, opening and closing the gate of information. Gatekeepers wield power over those on the other side of the gate, those seeking to be informed (audiences), as well as those seeking to inform (politics, activists, academics, etc.). The earliest intellectual explanation of gatekeeping is traced to Kurt Lewin, describing gatekeeping as a means to analyze real-world problems and observing the effects of cultural values and subjective attitudes on those problems like the distribution of food in Lewins’s seminal study, and later modified by David Manning White to examine the dissemination of information via media. In an ideal situation, the gatekeepers would be taking on the challenge of weighing the evidence of importance in social problems when selecting among the options of content and information to exhibit. Yet, decisions concerning content selection are not void of subjective viewpoints and encompass values, beliefs, and ideals of gatekeepers. The subjective attitudes of gatekeepers influence their perspective of what qualifies as newsworthy information. Hence, those in the position to determine the content transmitted through media exercise the power to shape social reality for media audiences. In the evolution of media gatekeeping theory three models have resulted from the scholarship: (1) examination of the one-way flow of information passing through a series of gates before reaching audiences, (2) the process of newsroom personnel interacting with people outside of the newsroom, and (3) the direct communication of private citizens and public officials. In traditional media and newer forms of social media, gatekeeping examination revolves around analysis of these media organizations’ news routines and narratives. Gatekeeping analysis observes human behavior and motives in order to make conceptualizations about the social world.

Virtus Romana

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catalina Balmaceda
Keyword(s):  
Roman Republic ◽  
Cultural Values ◽  
Political System ◽  
Historical Analysis ◽  
Historical Narratives ◽  
The Political ◽  
Political Transformation ◽  
Political Concept ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Ideal

The political transformation that took place at the end of the Roman Republic was a particularly rich area for historical analysis. The crisis that saw the end of the Roman Republic and the changes which gave birth to a new political system were narrated by major Roman historians who took the Roman idea of virtus as a way of interpreting and understanding their history. Tracing how virtus informed Roman thought over time, the book explores the concept and its manifestations in the narratives of four successive Latin historians who span the late republic and early principate: Sallust, Livy, Velleius, and Tacitus. Balmaceda demonstrates that the concept of virtus in these historical narratives served as a form of self-definition which fostered and propagated a new model of the ideal Roman more fitting to imperial times. As a crucial moral and political concept, virtus worked as a key idea in the complex system of Roman socio-cultural values and norms which underpinned Roman attitudes about both present and past. This book offers a re-appraisal of the historians as promoters of change and continuity in the political culture of both the Republic and the Empire.

A Historical Comparative Analysis of European and Asian Interior Spaces Through Cultural Background

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (11) ◽  
pp. 222-231
Author(s):  
Dilara Tüfekçioğlu
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Values ◽  
Interior Design ◽  
Historical Analysis ◽  
Daily Lives ◽  
Interior Spaces ◽  
Life Styles ◽  
Social Events ◽  
European Culture ◽  
Technological Developments ◽  
Historical Comparative

Interior design came into existence with the need for housing, and has been developed with respect to several needs. After a certain point of time, the development process led to mulitple branches. Different lifestyles of different communities living in different geographies and cultural differentiation have caused variation in interior design. Throughout the history, culture, by means of its elements, creates different lifestyles in the same period of time, and influences the formation of interiors. The aim of this study is to explore cultural values that play an important role in the process of interior designing, to shape our daily lives and, thus, to assess how they influence interior designs. The study mainly focuses on cultural differences in Asian and European societies, which makes us . understand the similarities and differences of interior design principles. The information obtained by the historical analysis was synthesised, classified and finally interpreted. In conclusion, both in western and far eastern cultures, many elements such as climate, human values, religion, thinking, trade, class distinction, type of management, personal interests, social events, industrial and technological developments were found to have influence on the lifestyle with regard to interior design. Keywords: Culture, European culture, Asian culture, life styles, volume design, dwellings, architecture-interior architecturespace.

Arguing Abortion: The New Anti-Abortion Discourse in Canada

2013 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 157-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Saurette ◽  
Kelly Gordon
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Cultural Values ◽  
Political Discourse ◽  
Public Discourse ◽  
The Political ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative Analysis ◽  
The Public ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Fetal Personhood

Abstract.This article analyzes the nature of contemporary anti-abortion discourse in Canada. Based on a rigorous qualitative and quantitative analysis of the public discourse of a wide variety of influential actors, this study shows that contemporary anti-abortion discourse in Canada is quite different than the portrait offered by traditional accounts. Specifically, our analysis demonstrates that the new anti-abortion discourse aims at changing cultural values more than legislation; is explicitly framed as ‘pro-woman’; largely avoids appealing to religious grounds; and relies on a new ‘abortion-harms-women’ argument that has supplanted and transformed traditional fetal personhood arguments. The article argues that these findings are important as they provide a more accurate account of the political discourse surrounding one of the most contentious issues in politics today and because they illustrate broader ideological patterns that are increasingly characteristic of Canadian political discourse.Résumé.Cet article propose d'analyser la nature du discours contemporain sur l'anti-avortement au Canada. Fondée sur une analyse qualitative et quantitative rigoureuse du discours public d'une grande variété d'acteurs influents, cette étude démontre que le discours contemporain sur l'anti-avortement au Canada se distingue de manière caractéristique du portrait qu'il en a traditionnellement été donné. Notre analyse révèle en particulier que le nouveau discours sur l'anti-avortement vise plutôt à transformer les valeurs culturelles que la législation; qu'il est explicitement formulé comme étant « pro-femme »; qu'il évite de faire appel à des motifs religieux; et qu'il déploie un nouvel argument, « l'avortement-nuit-aux-femmes », qui évince et transforme les arguments traditionnels qui cherchaient à accorder le statut de personne au fétus. Cet article argumente alors que ces constats sont importants non seulement parce qu'ils permettent de brosser un tableau plus complet du discours politique qui touche à l'une des questions les plus controversée de la politique contemporaine, mais également parce qu'ils mettent en évidence des tendances idéologiques de plus en plus caractéristiques du discours politique au Canada.

scholarly journals Invisible Pathways

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 190-217
Author(s):  
Kristyn Scorsone
Keyword(s):  
Black Women ◽  
Oral History ◽  
Public History ◽  
Business Practices ◽  
Cultural Institutions ◽  
Marginalized Communities ◽  
Shared Authority ◽  
Black Lesbians ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The City

Using oral history research under the direction of the Queer Newark Oral History Project, this essay explores how contemporary black lesbian entrepreneurs in the city of Newark, New Jersey, are engaged in entrepreneurial practices that resist patterns of gentrification. I argue for expanding our definition of public history to account for the business practices and social structures that queer black women in Newark are erecting as a part of their survival. These serve to pave the way for the preservation of their culture, enable them to collaborate with community in shared authority, and present queer black women’s knowledge and history to the wider public. By expanding the definition of what constitutes a public historian, we acknowledge the power of black lesbians as producers of historical knowledge and create new access points for shared inquiry with various marginalized communities that reach beyond academia and cultural institutions.

Towards a Pedagogy of Asian American Public History

2016 ◽  
Vol 98 (3) ◽  
pp. 275-296
Author(s):  
Chrissy Yee Lau
Keyword(s):  
Asian American ◽  
American History ◽  
Public History ◽  
Historical Analysis ◽  
Research Tool ◽  
Japanese American ◽  
Cornell University ◽  
University Library ◽  
Asian American History

A pedagogical experiment in Asian American History courses partnered classes with the Cornell University Library. Students using its Japanese American Relocation Center Records archive learned to apply historical analysis through an intersectional framework of race, class, gender, and generation. Their finished projects formed a digital exhibition—a research tool accessible to the wider public.

OutHistory.org: An Experiment in LGBTQ Community History-Making

2010 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 96-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauren Jae Gutterman
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Web Sites ◽  
Public History ◽  
Digital History ◽  
The Public ◽  
Community History ◽  
Lesbian And Gay ◽  
Project Coordinator ◽  
Lesbian And Gay Studies ◽  
The City

Abstract This article describes OutHistory.org, the public Web site on lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ) history hosted by the Center for Lesbian and Gay Studies (CLAGS) at the City University of New York, Graduate Center. OutHistory.org uses MediaWiki software to compile community-created histories of LGBTQ life in the U.S. and make the insights of LGBTQ history broadly accessible. Project Coordinator Lauren Gutterman explains how the public history project employs digital history to collect, advance, and project LGBTQ history, and how it serves as a model for other interactive history Web sites.

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