scholarly journals The Historical Origins of Poverty in Developing Countries

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sambit Bhattacharyya
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Latin America ◽  
Economic Performance ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Slave Trade ◽  
Colonial History ◽  
Unified Framework ◽  
Historical Factors ◽  
Historical Origins

This article explores the historical origins of poverty and the root causes of poverty in developing countries. It first considers the theories that explain the root causes (geography, disease, colonial history, slave trade, culture, and technology) of poverty before describing a novel, unified framework that unites these theories. The central thesis is that Western Europe benefited from favorable geography that led to highly productive agriculture, food surpluses, and institutions conducive to development. In contrast, Africa continues to suffer from unfavorable geography and disease. Institutional weaknesses in Latin America and Russia explain their relatively weak long-term economic performance. The article argues that these historical factors matter for contemporary patterns of development across the globe.

scholarly journals Anattempt to rebuild the world "in the American way"

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 49-64
Author(s):  
A. D. Bogaturov
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Latin America ◽  
House Of Representatives ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
The Us ◽  
The World ◽  
National Power ◽  
Ukrainian Crisis ◽  
The Persian Gulf

Trump’s foreign policy was controversial, resulting in division into its supporters and adversaries both at national and international levels. Donald Trump managed to be flexible in relations with the Legislative, ignoring the democratic majority in the House of Representatives. However, it was possible only before the Covid-19 pandemic. Donald Trump’s foreign policy prioritized American capital that determined US relations with the EU, Canada, and Latin America. As for relations with Russia, they were defined by the Ukrainian crisis. Disarmament is still a cornerstone in Russian American relations. The US has complicated relations with countries in Latin America, the Middle East, and the Persian Gulf despite all efforts. The UN’s reform and the Security Council, where the three great powers primarily make decisions, are still questioned. The US divides Europe into three parts; Western Europe, Eastern Europe, and Russia with Belarus. These Europes have different views on US foreign policy. Republican administration aimed at the expansion of the national power and provision of global leadership. However, the implementation methods were questionable and led to some unpleasant consequences for the US allies. Some of them decided to wait, some prepared for the worst, some tried to adapt to Trump’s policy since it reflected the long-term changes of the US standing in the world regardless of the party or the president. As a result, such policy led to the defeat of the Republicans and brought Joe Biden to power.

scholarly journals May Circular Economy make sustainability strategies financially rewarding in Latin America?

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 (70) ◽  
pp. e1011489
Author(s):  
Carlos Scheel
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Global Warming ◽  
Latin America ◽  
International Organizations ◽  
Circular Economy ◽  
Environmental Crisis ◽  
Citizen Education ◽  
Linear Chains ◽  
Sustainability Strategies

Is it possible to solve the tremendous economic-environmental policy challenges imposed on developing countries' industries and governments due to the intense demands by international organizations to restrain the crisis of global warming? Let us look at some initiatives proposed to address the environmental crisis: By means of greenwashing the conventional linear chains of the most polluting industries. Through public policies and strict legislation, with exorbitant fines. Through extreme citizen education efforts. Through innovative technologies. The answer is none of the above. Even with the technological advancements and the growth of markets, and the governments' ambitious long-term commitments, the likelihood of adherence thereto is almost nil, mainly for developing countries, if something drastic, disruptive and comprehensive is not carried out.

scholarly journals The impact of local armed conflicts on the economic performance of countries in 1990-2019

2020 ◽  
Vol 182 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 41-48
Author(s):  
Patimat Bataeva ◽  
◽  
Hussein Chaplaev ◽  
Ahmed Gachaev ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Latin America ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Civil Wars ◽  
Economic Performance ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Armed Conflicts ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Local Economies ◽  
The Impact

Despite the studies of the impact of wars on the local economies of countries and empires, the armed conflicts of the 20th century have their own specifics, different objectives and intensity, which affects not only the economic performance of enterprises and the country as a whole, but also the migration of population and investment attractiveness of the country. Studies based on armed conflicts in Latin America, civil wars in African countries as well as Iraq and Syria differ significantly from the effects of modern armed conflicts on micro- and macroeconomic levels. In the process of unfolding an armed local conflict, the investment attractiveness of the country gradually drops from A+ (for developed countries) and B (for developing countries) to CCC-, warning investors to invest in the declining economy of the country. The aim of the paper is to consider armed conflicts in the period from 1990 to 2019, including armed clashes, civil and international wars; and their impact on the economic performance of the country, both at the beginning of the conflict itself and in its middle.

scholarly journals Lost Decades? Economic Performance in Post-Independence Latin America

2009 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 279-307 ◽  
Author(s):  
LEANDRO PRADOS DE LA ESCOSURA
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Economic Performance ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
The United States ◽  
International Economy ◽  
Long Run ◽  
The World ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Latin American Countries

AbstractIn this paper the economic performance of post-independence Latin America is assessed in comparative perspective. The release from the colonial fiscal burden was partly offset by higher costs of self-government, while the opening of independent Latin American countries to the international economy represented a handmaiden of growth. Regional disparities increased after independence, so generalisations about the region's long-run behaviour are not straightforward. However, on average, per capita income grew in Latin America, and although the region fell behind compared with the United States and Western Europe, it improved or maintained its position relative to the rest of the world. Thus the term ‘lost decades’ appears an unwarranted depiction of the period between 1820 and 1870.

Searching for new Sources of growth. Are the Developing Countries Catching up with the Developed ones?

2015 ◽  
pp. 30-53
Author(s):  
V. Popov
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
The West ◽  
Catching Up ◽  
The Us ◽  
The World ◽  
Economic Divergence ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Relative Standing

This paper examines the trajectory of growth in the Global South. Before the 1500s all countries were roughly at the same level of development, but from the 1500s Western countries started to grow faster than the rest of the world and PPP GDP per capita by 1950 in the US, the richest Western nation, was nearly 5 times higher than the world average and 2 times higher than in Western Europe. Since 1950 this ratio stabilized - not only Western Europe and Japan improved their relative standing in per capita income versus the US, but also East Asia, South Asia and some developing countries in other regions started to bridge the gap with the West. After nearly half of the millennium of growing economic divergence, the world seems to have entered the era of convergence. The factors behind these trends are analyzed; implications for the future and possible scenarios are considered.

The influence of inflation targeting on the pass-through effect of the exchange rate

2018 ◽  
pp. 70-84
Author(s):  
Ph. S. Kartaev ◽  
Yu. I. Yakimova
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Monetary Policy ◽  
Exchange Rate ◽  
Inflation Targeting ◽  
Policy Regime ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
The Exchange Rate ◽  
Pass Through ◽  
The Impact

The paper studies the impact of the transition to the inflation targeting regime on the magnitude of the pass-through effect of the exchange rate to prices. We analyze cross-country panel data on developed and developing countries. It is shown that the transition to this regime of monetary policy contributes to a significant reduction in both the short- and long-term pass-through effects. This decline is stronger in developing countries. We identify the main channels that ensure the influence of the monetary policy regime on the pass-through effect, and examine their performance. In addition, we analyze the data of time series for Russia. It was concluded that even there the transition to inflation targeting led to a decrease in the dependence of the level of inflation on fluctuations in the ruble exchange rate.

Markets, Technological Change and Economic Growth (The Quaid-i-Azam Lecture)

1994 ◽  
Vol 33 (4I) ◽  
pp. 327-356 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard G. Lipsey
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Economic Growth ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Common Ground ◽  
The United States ◽  
Industrial Countries ◽  
Canadian Institute ◽  
Primary Focus ◽  
Short Time

I am honoured to be invited to give this lecture before so distinguished an audience of development economists. For the last 21/2 years I have been director of a project financed by the Canadian Institute for Advanced Research and composed of a group of scholars from Canada, the United States, and Israel.I Our brief is to study the determinants of long term economic growth. Although our primary focus is on advanced industrial countries such as my own, some of us have come to the conclusion that there is more common ground between developed and developing countries than we might have first thought. I am, however, no expert on development economics so I must let you decide how much of what I say is applicable to economies such as your own. Today, I will discuss some of the grand themes that have arisen in my studies with our group. In the short time available, I can only allude to how these themes are rooted in our more detailed studies. In doing this, I must hasten to add that I speak for myself alone; our group has no corporate view other than the sum of our individual, and very individualistic, views.

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