Ottoman Europe

2020 ◽  
pp. 215-239
Author(s):  
Ibolya Gerelyes ◽  
Athanasios Vionis ◽  
Vesna Bikić ◽  
Niculina Dinu ◽  
Svitlana Biliaieva
Keyword(s):  
Historical Archaeology ◽  
Ottoman Empire ◽  
Central Europe ◽  
Source Analysis ◽  
Archaeological Research ◽  
Archaeological Heritage ◽  
Textual Source ◽  
Historical Monuments ◽  
Islamic Archaeology ◽  
Written Sources

The expansive territories in South-Eastern and Central Europe that came under Ottoman rule in the 15th and 16th centuries were culturally and religiously diverse. Some of these territories became Ottoman vassal states, and others fell under direct Ottoman rule. Considering the diversity of the Empire’s inhabitants, research on the lands under Ottoman rule belongs only partly to the field of Islamic archaeology. However, in the context of the Ottoman Empire as a whole, it is clear that analysis of the archaeological heritage of the non-Muslim subjects of the Empire has its place in Ottoman archaeological research and, therefore, constitutes a part of Islamic archaeology. The written sources lend background and credibility to archaeological research and investigations of historical monuments. In this sense, archaeological research into the Ottoman period in Europe represents a branch of historical archaeology which is heavily impacted by textual source analysis.

Central Islamic Lands

2020 ◽  
pp. 16-19
Author(s):  
Bethany J. Walker
Keyword(s):  
Ottoman Empire ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Driving Force ◽  
Archaeological Research ◽  
Holy Land ◽  
Late Antique ◽  
Early Start ◽  
Classical Archaeology ◽  
Islamic Archaeology ◽  
The 19Th Century

The following text serves as an introduction to the chapters focused on the “central lands” of the Islamic world: the “Arab heartland,” Persia, and the territories of the Ottoman Empire. Long associated with the Holy Land, this region attracted the attention of archaeologists, geographers, antiquarians, and scholars of religion early on, with missions sent to explore and map the ruins of places associated with Biblical and extra-Biblical texts with greater frequency from the 19th century. Largely born out of Biblical and Classical archaeology, Islamic archaeology thus got an early start here, gradually shifting since the 1970s from the study of changes to the Late Antique city in the post-conquest era to that of larger landscapes and the rural sphere. Interest in the process and timing of Islamization has been a driving force in archaeological research in this region.

Book Reviews

Journeys ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 129-153
Keyword(s):  
Ottoman Empire ◽  
Central Europe ◽  
Travel Writing ◽  
North Africa ◽  
Global Politics ◽  
Cultural Exchanges ◽  
Orhan Pamuk

Orhan Pamuk, Istanbul: Memories of a City Fiona SmythGerald MacLean (ed.), Re-Orienting the Renaissance. Cultural Exchanges with the East Clifford Edmund Bosworth, An Intrepid Scot. William Lithgow of Lanark’s Travels in the Ottoman Lands, North Africa and Central Europe, 1609–21 Alex Drace-FrancisDaniel Carey (ed.), Asian Travel in the Renaissance John E. Wills, Jr.Gerald M. MacLean, The Rise of Oriental Travel: English Visitors to the Ottoman Empire, 1580–1720 Felipe Fernández-ArmestoDebbie Lisle, The Global Politics of Contemporary Travel Writing Benjamin J. MullerBassam Tayara, Le Japon et les Arabes. La vision du Monde Arabe au Japon, des époques anciennes jusqu’au tournant de Meiji Elisabeth AllèsAlain Roussillon, Identité et Modernité – Les voyageurs égyptiens au Japon Bassam TayaraBenoit de L’Estoile, Federico Neiburg, and Lygia Sigaud (eds.), Empires, Nations, and Natives: Anthropology and State-Making Talal Asad

scholarly journals Maribor Synagogue: Between Facts and Reinterpretation

Arts ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 5
Author(s):  
Janez Premk
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Central Europe ◽  
Reference Point ◽  
Scientific Publication ◽  
Convincing Evidence ◽  
Archaeological Research ◽  
Architectural Elements ◽  
Significant Step ◽  
Visual Reconstruction ◽  
Material Evidence

Maribor Synagogue is one of the few preserved medieval synagogues in Central Europe. The renovation of the building between 1992 and 1999, undertaken by the Institute for the Protection of Cultural Heritage of Slovenia, proved to be much more demanding than originally foreseen. Its architectural shell and architectural elements have served as a reference point for the (visual) reconstruction of related monuments in the wider region. However, the renovation itself has left numerous unanswered questions, especially in regard to the building phases during the Jewish and later Christian use of the building. The present article is the first scientific publication to thoroughly examine the medieval building phases, based on the findings of archaeological research and investigation of the documented and preserved architectural elements. Ground plans are attached for the initial two building phases, related to the archeological charts. The last phase corresponds to the reconstructed version of the synagogue, but convincing evidence relating to its appearance is missing. Although it is practically impossible to provide an entirely accurate building history based on the archival, oral and material evidence so far available, a significant step toward its general comprehension is made.

scholarly journals Alexandru Popa, Frontiera Imperiului Roman din Dacia în drum spre Lista patrimoniului mondial. Pro bleme și responsabilităţi pentru cercetarea arheologică, protecția patrimoniu lui și turism / The Limes of the Roman Empire in Dacia on its way to the World Heritage List. Problems and responsibilities for archaeological research, heritage preservation and tourism

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 170-184
Keyword(s):  
Roman Empire ◽  
World Heritage ◽  
Archaeological Research ◽  
Heritage Preservation ◽  
Unesco World Heritage ◽  
Archaeological Heritage ◽  
Entire Process ◽  
World Heritage List ◽  
The World ◽  
Heritage Protection

Today, limes is an en vogue term in Romania. Scientific research, heritage protection and, more recently, politic discourse – they all deal, directly or indirectly, with issues regarding the Frontiers of the Roman Empire in today’s Romania. In the context of nominating the Frontiers of the Roman Empire as a serial site of UNESCO World Heritage, each of the previously mentioned domains has its responsibilities towards the monument itself. In this study I focus on explaining the different understandings of the term limes. Next, I found it rather important and well-timed to discuss the main tasks and obligations of archaeological research, of the industry of tourism and of archaeological heritage protection in Romania throughout the entire process of nominating and inscribing the Limes on the UNESCO List, as well as after this process is long over.

scholarly journals Registro arqueológico y contextualización histórica de los tajamares del río Mapocho, Santiago de Chile

2012 ◽  
Vol 4 (8) ◽  
pp. 275-315 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alfredo Gómez Alcorta ◽  
Claudia Prado Berlien ◽  
Francisco José Ocaranza Bosio
Keyword(s):  
Historical Archaeology ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Archaeological Research ◽  
Colonial History ◽  
Santiago De Chile ◽  
Climatic Risks ◽  
Del Rio

Este estudio es un esfuerzo de contextualización historiográfica a los hallazgos de los restos del tajamar de Santiago (Chile), por el trabajo arqueológico realizado en las obras de construcción del ferrocarril urbano de esta ciudad. El artículo deja al descubierto el permanente esfuerzo que realizó la población santiaguina por defender su ciudad de los riesgos climáticos de inundación durante los siglos coloniales.Palabras clave: historia colonial, arqueología histórica, tajamares, obras hidráulicas.Archaeological record and historical context of the Mapocho river defense, Chile Abstract This study is an effort of the historical context to the findings of the remains of the “tajamar” (defenses of river) of Santiago for the archaeological research realized by the works of construction of the urban railroad of this city. This study leaves to the overdraft the permanent effort that the population realized for defending his city of the climatic risks of flood during the colonial centuries.Keywords: colonial history, historical archaeology, defenses of river, hydraulic works.

Sugar Plantations in the French West Indies

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth G. Kelly
Keyword(s):  
Historical Archaeology ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
West Indies ◽  
17Th Century ◽  
Archaeological Research ◽  
Public Monuments ◽  
Saint Domingue ◽  
History Of ◽  
French Colonial ◽  
Official Recognition

The French West Indian colonial possessions of Martinique, Guadeloupe, and Saint Domingue were among the most valuable overseas European colonies due to the production of the tropical commodities of coffee, cocoa, and in particular, sugar. The crops were raised on plantations through the labor of hundreds of thousands of enslaved Africans and their descendants between the mid 17th century and the mid 19th century. In spite of the importance of this heritage to the history of the French colonial enterprise, and more importantly, the history of the descendant populations, commemoration of this chapter of history has only recently begun. This commemoration includes public monuments, official recognition, and archaeological research. Historical archaeology contributes a perspective that sheds light on otherwise undocumented or poorly-documented aspects of the slavery era, such as the organization of villages, the housing within them, and the ways in which enslaved people saw to their needs for food.

scholarly journals Metal Detecting in Finland - An Ongoing Debate

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Wessman ◽  
Leena Koivisto ◽  
Suzie Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
Object Oriented ◽  
Archaeological Research ◽  
Ongoing Debate ◽  
Archaeological Heritage ◽  
Engagement Strategies ◽  
The Media ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Selection Of

AbstractThis outline article presents and critiques legislation as it affects the metal detecting hobby and the archaeological profession. It considers some of the ways in which metal detectorists themselves have caused controversy but also positive news in relation to archaeological heritage in Finland. A selection of examples of collaboration based on the authors own experiences is presented, also the impact of metal detecting on material culture and archaeological research. The continuing object-oriented focus of both metal detectorists and the media is identified. New collection and engagement strategies could enhance archaeological research, while engaging this particular section of the wider public.

Building the Frontier of the Habsburg Empire:

2019 ◽  
Vol 78 (2) ◽  
pp. 187-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dragan Damjanović
Keyword(s):  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Ottoman Empire ◽  
Urban Design ◽  
Central Europe ◽  
Habsburg Empire ◽  
Administrative Organization ◽  
New Public ◽  
Administrative Unit ◽  
Joseph Ii ◽  
The Military

The Military Frontier, an administrative unit within the Habsburg Empire, was established during the sixteenth century to consolidate the border with the Ottoman Empire. In Building the Frontier of the Habsburg Empire: Viennese Authorities and the Architecture of Croatian-Slavonian Military Frontier Towns, 1780–1881, Dragan Damjanović considers architecture and urban planning there from the time Emperor Joseph II assumed the throne until the Frontier was abolished in 1881. Beginning with an overview of the region's architecture, urban design, and administrative organization, Damjanović proceeds to an examination of how modernization processes and the gradual demilitarization of the Frontier affected architecture and planning there. As they did for other provinces, Viennese authorities commissioned numerous new public and church buildings for the region—part of a larger effort toward modernization. Showing the influence of a variety of styles then fashionable elsewhere in Central Europe, these buildings were nonetheless well adapted to their local circumstances.

Ancient Tajikistan Studies in History, Archaeology and Culture (1980-1991)

1995 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 289-304
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
Central Asia ◽  
Archaeological Research ◽  
Ww Ii ◽  
The North ◽  
History Of ◽  
Continued Use ◽  
The Temple ◽  
Written Sources

AbstractSystematic archaeological research began immediately after WW II with work on Iran Age monuments at Kala-i-mir, Boldai-tepe and Baidudasht IV. Of recently studied Hellenistic and post-Hellenistic monuments, the most important is Takhti-Sangin (thought to be the source of the Oxus treasure). More than 5000 votive objects have now been recovered from the temple here (now completely excavated and dated to the first quarter of the 1st c. B.C.). Excavations at Ai-Khanoum prove that the strength and persistence of Hellenic culture seen at the Oxus temple was not unique in Bactria, while a complex now being studied at Dushanbe pushes the range of Greco-Bactrian culture far further to the north than was hitherto thought. Investigation of burial monuments at Tup-khana testifies to the acceptance of Bactrian material culture by incoming nomad groups, whereas study of a Buddhist complex of the 3rd-4th c. A.D. at Ushurmullo shows its continued use down to the 7th-8th c. Ancient written sources on the history of Central Asia have been studied by I.V. Pyankov, whilst E.V. Zeimal has produced a description, classification and analysis of the coin series of the region. Finally, T.P. Kiyatkina has written a series of works on palaeo-anthropological material from Tajikistan and Turkmenia.

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