Quantitative assessment of information quality in textual sources for landslide inventories

Landslide research chiefly relies on digital inventories for a multitude of spatial, temporal, and/or process analyses. In respect thereof, many landslide inventories are populated with information from textual documents (e.g., news articles, technical reports) due to effectiveness. However, information detail can vary greatly in these documents and the question arises whether such textual information is suitable for landslide inventories. The present work proposes to define the usefulness of textual source types as a probability to find landslide information, weighted with adaptable parameter requirements. To illustrate the method with practical results, a German landslide dataset has been examined. It was found that three combined source types (administrative documents, expert opinions, and news articles) give an 89 % chance to detect useful information on three defined parameters (location, date, and process type). In conclusion, the definition of usefulness as a probability makes it an intuitive, quantitative measure that is suitable for a wide range of applicants. Furthermore, a priori knowledge of usefulness allows for focusing on a few source types with the most promising outcome and thus increases the effectiveness of textual data acquisition and digitalisation for landslide inventories.

Funeral Epitaph of Zhao Rugua (1170-1231), the Author of Zhufan zhi (“Records of Foreign Peoples”; 1225). Structural-Descriptive and Archaelogical Analysis of the Source

The present work is a continuation of two previously published articles in which the biography of Zhao Rugua 趙汝适 (1170-1231), the author of Zhufan zhi 諸蕃志 (Records of Foreign Peoples; 1225) an important historical geographical source about the foreign lands during the Song dynasty (960-1279), was studied through the usage of the text of his funeral epitaph as well as other historical sources. They also included the translation of the text of inscription into Russian and English [1; 2]. The goal of this article is to deepen the study of Zhao Ruguas funeral epitaph by researching the material features of the source, analyzing the structure of the text and comparing it with other similar sources of Medieval China. In contrast with the previous works the inscription in this article is analyzed both as a textual source and as an object of material culture which enables to understand the context of the creation of the source as well as the extent of detalization of the deceaseds biography.

Schola Aquitanica (1583): Latin grammar and Renaissance tradition

The main objective of this article is to make a discussion on the category of analysis of linguistic thought (SWIGGERS, 2013), having as an object of studies the period of Portuguese Renaissance humanism. To develop this investigation, my theoretical and methodological model is derived from the discipline of Historiography of Linguistics (KOERNER, 1996, BATISTA, 2019). Thus, my specific objective is to analyze the current of thought of Portuguese Renaissance humanism from a specific textual source, the document known as Schola Aquitanica, published in 1583. This document is a school regiment with the didactic orientation of classes and methods to teach humanities, used at the Collège de Guyenne in the 16th century. His editio princeps is entitled Schola Aquitanica (SANTOS, 2021), having as author Élie Vinet (1509-1587), a French humanist. However, in the 16th century edition, there is a more specific internal title: Docendi Ratio in Ludo Burdigalensi (the order of studies at the College of Bordeaux), which is also known in French as Le Program d’Études du Collège de Guyenne (the program of studies at the College of Guyenne).

Chronicling a Blood-spattered Isle

This chapter implements the general model of violence on case studies from the history of medieval Iceland, especially the Battle of Helgastaðir (1220) and other episodes from the life of Guðmundr Arason, Bishop of Hólar (r.1203–37). It also establishes how structural analysis of sagas—using the concepts of récit, histoire, and uchronia—nuances the picture of history reconstructed from such sources, tracing the transformation of occurrences (what happened) into events (experienced manifestations of meaning). Guðmundar saga A, the main textual source consulted here, demonstrates how uchronia, the ideology of the past, enabled texts to function autonomously of authorial intent: uchronic texts may reveal truths their authors were ignorant of, let alone truths they wished to suppress. By unpacking the ways brute force inflects both the historical social contests recorded in the saga and the narrative tensions of the recording process itself, this chapter highlights the necessity of examining violence in terms of a complex negotiation of power, signification, and risk. In the course of this investigation, various details of medieval Icelandic history are filled in, deepening and qualifying the general portrayal offered in the Introduction. Readers with little background in Icelandic history are familiarized with the contours of this history, while experts find some of its truisms (such as the categorical distinction between farmers and chieftains, or the supposed uniqueness of Iceland in high medieval Europe) re-examined

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE PROCESS OF SEARCHING FOR ANSWERS IN A TEXTUAL SOURCE AND WITH THE HELP OF AN INTELLECTUAL ELECTRONIC BOOK

Рассматривается сравнение эффективности поиска решения по тексту на основе стандартных средств ИТ-технологий и при помощи нового варианта интеллектуальной электронной книги - элинга. Применяется база знаний на основе молинг для текста, используемого в эксперименте. The article deals with the comparison of the effectiveness of searching for a solution in the text using the standard means of IT technologies and with the help of a new version of an intelligent electronic book - elinga. A knowledge base of molingas is applied to model the text used in the experiment. Higher quality of solutions found and potentially higher speed of search are demonstrated.

Local Responses to the Empire

Chapter 8 (‘Local Responses to the Empire: From Armed Resistance to Integration’) focuses on the local responses in the southwest to the Assyrian imperial rule. Such studies are somewhat rare regarding the Assyrian empire, but the present case study has a number of advantages, and in addition to the large archaeological database available, we have a unique textual source, reflecting the voice of (some of) the conquered, i.e. the Hebrew Bible. Notably, in most imperial settings, texts, if they exist at all, represent the imperial view, but the Hebrew Bible, as complex as it is as a historical source, provides insights into some local views of imperial rule. The evidence allows us to reconstruct the local responses to Assyrian rule in different political units, and by various groups within these units, from armed resistance, through more subtle forms of resistance, to cooperation, collaboration, and even integration. The evidence reveals, once again, profound differences between the provinces and the clients, as well as between the different clients.

"Against Justice": Cicero as a Textual Source and Interpreter of Testimonies about the "Philosophical Embassy" and the Carneades’ Skeptical Speeches

The article is devoted to the problem of reflection in the texts of Cicero of evidence of the propaganda and educational activities of the "philosophical embassy" in Rome under the leadership Carneades as the head of the new Academy, and the content of his philosophical speeches before the Roman audience. Particular attention is paid to the problem of Cicero's interpretation of the text of the famous speech of Carneades "Against Justice" that has not come down to us, which is reflected in the partially preserved third book of the treatise De Re Publica. According to the author of the article, Cicero, trying to popularize the methodological principle of philosophizing characteristic of skeptics, updated and modernized the theses of Carneades in relation to the realities of his era and his own pragmatic goals in the specific socio-political conditions of the crisis of the late Roman Republic.

Ottoman Europe

The expansive territories in South-Eastern and Central Europe that came under Ottoman rule in the 15th and 16th centuries were culturally and religiously diverse. Some of these territories became Ottoman vassal states, and others fell under direct Ottoman rule. Considering the diversity of the Empire’s inhabitants, research on the lands under Ottoman rule belongs only partly to the field of Islamic archaeology. However, in the context of the Ottoman Empire as a whole, it is clear that analysis of the archaeological heritage of the non-Muslim subjects of the Empire has its place in Ottoman archaeological research and, therefore, constitutes a part of Islamic archaeology. The written sources lend background and credibility to archaeological research and investigations of historical monuments. In this sense, archaeological research into the Ottoman period in Europe represents a branch of historical archaeology which is heavily impacted by textual source analysis.

Reassessing Lewin on the Promise of Husserl's Phenomenology of Time-Consciousness

In his seminal essay "Music Theory, Phenomenology, and Modes of Perception," David Lewin takes up (and works against) Husserl's phenomenology of inner time-consciousness as a means of developing his own perception-based musical analyses. My aim, in this article, is not only to show that what Lewin adopts as a theory of Husserlian time-consciousness is in direct conflict with the understanding produced by contemporary philosophers associated with the Husserl Archives, but also to argue that a better understanding of Husserlian time-consciousness enables us to imagine the ways in which phenomenological inquiry actually supports Lewin's objectives. First, I clarify the complicated history of Lewin's textual source, Vorlesungen zur Phänomenologie des inneren Zeitbewußtseins, arguing that a failure to take account of the genesis of Husserl's text brings about a concomitant misinterpretation of its philosophical content. Second, I critique Lewin's reduction of retention and protention to present contents of perceptions, demonstrating that this results in an infinite regress (or "recursive" structure, in Lewin's terms), and I show that Husserl himself avoids this by investigating the temporal flow of the subject (i. e., as a structure of transcendental subjectivity). Finally, I argue that the Husserlian framework of timeconsciousness provides a productive way to concern ourselves with the creative acts of music making that Lewin so prizes.