Low Temperature Effects on Early Vegetative Growth, Leaf Gas Exchange and Water Potential of Chilling-sensitive and Chilling-tolerant Crop Species*

1991 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 205-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
DAVID W. WOLFE
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Water Potential ◽  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Temperature Effects ◽  
Leaf Gas Exchange ◽  
Crop Species

scholarly journals Flooding, Leaf Gas Exchange, and Growth of Mango in Containers

1991 ◽  
Vol 116 (1) ◽  
pp. 156-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kirk D. Larson ◽  
Bruce Schaffer ◽  
Frederick S. Davies
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Water Potential ◽  
Leaf Water Potential ◽  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Tree Mortality ◽  
Leaf Gas Exchange ◽  
Mangifera Indica ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Leaf Water ◽  
Soil Conditions

The effect of flooding on container-grown `Tommy Atkins' mango (Mangifera indica L.) trees on two rootstock, and on container-grown seedling `Peach' mango trees, was investigated by evaluating vegetative growth, net gas exchange, and leaf water potential. In general, flooding simultaneously reduced net CO2 assimilation (A) and stomatal conductance (gs) after 2 to 3 days. However, flooding did not affect leaf water potential, shoot extension growth, or shoot dry weight, but stem radial growth and root dry weight were reduced, resulting in larger shoot: root ratios for flooded trees. Mortality of flooded trees ranged from 0% to 45% and was not related to-rootstock scion combination. Hypertrophied lenticels were observed on trees that survived flooding but not on trees that died. The reductions in gas exchange, vegetative growth, and the variable tree mortality indicate that mango is not highly flood-tolerant but appears to possess certain adaptations to flooded soil conditions.

scholarly journals Physiological Performance of Pyrus pyraster L. (Burgsd.) and Sorbus torminalis (L.) Crantz Seedlings under Drought Treatment

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 1496
Author(s):  
Viera Paganová ◽  
Marek Hus ◽  
Zuzana Jureková
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Water Potential ◽  
Water Scarcity ◽  
Prolonged Exposure ◽  
Leaf Gas Exchange ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Drought Treatment ◽  
Water Regimes ◽  
Sorbus Torminalis ◽  
Pyrus Pyraster

In this study, seedlings of Pyrus pyraster and Sorbus torminalis were grown for 60 days in the regulated environment of a growth chamber under different water regimes. The measured indicators were the growth and distribution of mass to organs, total biomass, root to shoot mass ratio (R:S), and gas exchange parameters (gs, E, An, and water use efficiency (WUE)). The amount of total biomass was negatively affected by drought. Differences between species were confirmed only for the dry matter of the leaves. P. pyraster maintained the ratio of the mass distribution between belowground and aboveground organs in both variants of the water regime. S. torminalis created more root length for a given dry-mass under drought treatment, but its R:S was lower compared to P. pyraster. The water potential of the leaves (Ψwl) was affected by substrate saturation and interspecific differences. P. pyraster had a demonstrably higher water potential and maintained this difference even after prolonged exposure to drought. After 30 days of different water regimes, Pyrus maintained higher values of gs, An, and E in control and drought treatments, but over a longer period of drought (after 50 days), the differences between species were equalized. The changes of the leaf gas exchange for Pyrus were accompanied by a significant increase in WUE, which was most pronounced on the 40th day of the experiment. A significant and strong relationship between WUE and gs was demonstrated. The results confirmed the different physiological performances of seedlings of tree species and the different mechanisms of their response to water scarcity during drought treatment. P. pyraster presented more acclimation traits, which allowed this taxon to exhibit better performance over a longer period of water scarcity.

Partial rootzone drying improves almond tree leaf-level water use efficiency and afternoon water status compared with regulated deficit irrigation

2011 ◽  
Vol 38 (5) ◽  
pp. 372 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregorio Egea ◽  
Ian C. Dodd ◽  
María M. González-Real ◽  
Rafael Domingo ◽  
Alain Baille
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Water Potential ◽  
Leaf Gas Exchange ◽  
Water Status ◽  
Stem Water Potential ◽  
Regulated Deficit Irrigation ◽  
Leaf Level ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Stem Water ◽  
Partial Rootzone Drying

To determine whether partial rootzone drying (PRD) optimised leaf gas exchange and soil–plant water relations in almond (Prunus dulcis (Mill.) D.A. Webb) compared with regulated deficit irrigation (RDI), a 2 year trial was conducted on field-grown trees in a semiarid climate. Five irrigation treatments were established: full irrigation (FI) where the trees were irrigated at 100% of the standard crop evapotranspiration (ETc); three PRD treatments (PRD70, PRD50 and PRD30) that applied 70, 50 and 30% ETc, respectively; and a commercially practiced RDI treatment that applied 50% ETc during the kernel-filling stage and 100% ETc during the remainder of the growth season. Measurements of volumetric soil moisture content in the soil profile (0–100 cm), predawn leaf water potential (Ψpd), midday stem water potential (Ψms), midday leaf gas exchange and trunk diameter fluctuations (TDF) were made during two growing seasons. The diurnal patterns of leaf gas exchange and stem water potential (Ψs) were appraised during the kernel-filling stage in all irrigation regimes. When tree water relations were assessed at solar noon, PRD did not show differences in either leaf gas exchange or tree water status compared with RDI. At similar average soil moisture status (adjudged by similar Ψpd), PRD50 trees had higher water status than RDI trees in the afternoon, as confirmed by Ψs and TDF. Although irrigation placement showed no effects on diurnal stomatal regulation, diurnal leaf net photosynthesis (Al) was substantially less limited in PRD50 than in RDI trees, indicating that PRD improved leaf-level water use efficiency.

scholarly journals Low temperature impact on photosynthetic parameters of coffee genotypes

2009 ◽  
Vol 44 (11) ◽  
pp. 1404-1415 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fábio Luiz Partelli ◽  
Henrique Duarte Vieira ◽  
Alexandre Pio Viana ◽  
Paula Batista-Santos ◽  
Ana Paula Rodrigues ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Leaf Gas Exchange ◽  
Recovery Period ◽  
Photosynthetic Pigment ◽  
Total Activity ◽  
Coffea Canephora ◽  
Temperature Tolerance ◽  
Photosynthetic Parameters ◽  
Bisphosphate Carboxylase

The objective of this work was to evaluate photoprotective mechanisms related to low positive temperatures in Coffea canephora (Conilon clones 02 and 153) and C. arabica ('Catucaí' IPR 102) genotypes, involved in cold temperature tolerance. To accomplish this, one-year-old plants were successively submitted to: temperature decrease of 0.5ºC day-1, from 25/20ºC to 13/8ºC; a three-day chilling cycle at 13/4ºC; and a recovery period of 14 days (25/20ºC). During the experiment, leaf gas exchange, chlorophyll a fluorescence and leaf photosynthetic pigment content were evaluated. Total activity of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco) and ribulose-5-phosphate kinase (Ru5PK) were quantified to measure the activity of photosynthesis key enzymes. All genotypes showed low temperature sensitivity, but displayed diverse cold impact and recovery capabilities regarding the photosynthetic-related parameters studied. Catucaí IPR 102 cultivar showed better ability to cope with cold stress than the Conilon clones, especially Conilon 02, and had full recovery of leaf gas exchange, fluorescence parameters, enzymatic activity, and higher contents of the photoprotective pigments zeaxanthin and lutein.

scholarly journals Seasonal leaf gas exchange and water potential in a woody cerrado species community

2004 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Henrique Britto de Assis Prado ◽  
Zhang Wenhui ◽  
Manuel Humberto Cardoza Rojas ◽  
Gustavo Maia Souza
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Water Potential ◽  
Leaf Water Potential ◽  
Leaf Gas Exchange ◽  
Water Status ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Leaf Water ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Leaf Water Status ◽  
Mean Values

Predawn leaf water potential (psipd) and morning values of leaf gas exchange, as net photosynthesis (A), stomatal conductance (gs), transpiration (E), and morning leaf water potential (psimn) were determined seasonally in 22 woody cerrado species growing under natural conditions. Despite the lower mean values of psipd in the dry season (-0.35 ± 0.23 MPa) compared to the wet season (-0.08 ± 0.03 MPa), the lowest psipd in the dry season (-0.90 ± 0.00 MPa) still showed a good nocturnal leaf water status recovery for all species studied through out the year. Mean gs values dropped 78 % in the dry season, when the vapor pressure of the air was 80% greater than in the wet season. This reduction in gs led to an average reduction of 33% in both A and E, enabling the maintainance of water use efficiency (WUE) during the dry season. Network connectance analysis detected a change in the relationship between leaf gas exchange and psimn in the dry season, mainly between gs-E and E-WUE. A slight global connectance value increase (7.25 %) suggested there was no severe water stress during the dry season. Multivariate analysis showed no link between seasonal response and species deciduousness, suggesting similar behavior in remaining leaves for most of the studied species concerning leaf gas exchange and psimn under natural drought.

Water relations and gas exchange of the root hemiparasite Santalum acuminatum (quandong)

2001 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 479 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beth R. Loveys ◽  
Brian R. Loveys ◽  
Stephen D. Tyerman
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Water Potential ◽  
Water Relations ◽  
Leaf Gas Exchange ◽  
Xylem Sap ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Tissue Water ◽  
Root Hemiparasite ◽  
Transpirational Water Loss ◽  
Neighbouring Plant

The water relations and leaf gas-exchange characteristics of the root hemiparasite quandong (Santalum acuminatum (R.Br.) A.DC) and its neighbouring plants were examined at three field sites in central Southern Australia. This paper examines the role of water potential and osmotic gradients in facilitating the movement of water from host plants to quandong. Quandong exhibited a significantly more negative water potential than the neighbouring plant species at both field sites during summer and winter. A significant proportion of the osmotic potential was accounted for by mannitol, Na + , K + and Cl - . A water potential difference of 1.7 MPa was maintained between quandong and its putative host over a measurement period of 24 h. Xylem sap and leaves of quandong contained considerable concentration (0.1–0.4 mol (kg tissue water) –1 ) of mannitol. Stomatal conductance and assimilation of quandong were lower than those of the neighbouring plants at both Middleback and Aldinga during both summer and winter measurements. Measurements of transpiration for quandong differed between the two sites. The lower transpirational water loss resulted in quandong at Middleback having an instantaneous water-use efficiency higher (0.13–2.2 µmol (CO 2 ) mmol –1 (H 2 O)) than the neighbouring plants. Daily sap flow and calculated hydraulic conductivity were not significantly different between quandong and putative host plant.

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