Gibberellin Regulation of Root Growth with Change in Galactose Content of Cell Walls in Pisum sativum

1988 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Pisum Sativum ◽  
Root Growth ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Galactose Content

UDP-D-glucose 4-epimerase activity of the tissue culture of white poplars (Populus alba L. var. pyramidalis)

1982 ◽  
Vol 47 (5) ◽  
pp. 1530-1536 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ladislav Bilisics ◽  
Štefan Karácsonyi ◽  
Marta Kubačková
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Enzyme Preparation ◽  
Uridine Diphosphate ◽  
Populus Alba ◽  
Activity Change ◽  
White Poplar ◽  
Culture Cells ◽  
Tissue Culture Cells ◽  
Galactose Content

The presence of UDP-D-glucose 4-epimerase (EC 5.1.3.2) in the culture tissue of white poplar was evidenced. As found, the partially purified enzyme preparation contained UDP-D-glucose glucosyltransferase, UDP-D-galactose galactosyltransferase and non-specific enzymes able to cleave the uridine-diphosphate saccharides into the appropriate hexose monophosphates. The activity change of UDP-D-glucose 4-epimerase in tissue culture cells during the growth was in accord with changes in D-galactose content in cell walls and indicated the possibility to regulate the formation of polysaccharides containing D-galactose at the level of production of UDP-D-galactose in cells.

scholarly journals The Arabidopsis TETRATRICOPEPTIDE THIOREDOXIN-LIKE 1 Gene Is Involved in Anisotropic Root Growth during Osmotic Stress Adaptation

Genes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 236
Author(s):  
María Belén Cuadrado-Pedetti ◽  
Inés Rauschert ◽  
María Martha Sainz ◽  
Vítor Amorim-Silva ◽  
Miguel Angel Botella ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Osmotic Stress ◽  
Root Growth ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Primary Root ◽  
Stress Adaptation ◽  
Elongation Zone ◽  
Cortical Cells ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
The Mean

Mutations in the Arabidopsis TETRATRICOPEPTIDE THIOREDOXIN-LIKE 1 (TTL1) gene cause reduced tolerance to osmotic stress evidenced by an arrest in root growth and root swelling, which makes it an interesting model to explore how root growth is controlled under stress conditions. We found that osmotic stress reduced the growth rate of the primary root by inhibiting the cell elongation in the elongation zone followed by a reduction in the number of cortical cells in the proximal meristem. We then studied the stiffness of epidermal cell walls in the root elongation zone of ttl1 mutants under osmotic stress using atomic force microscopy. In plants grown in control conditions, the mean apparent elastic modulus was 448% higher for live Col-0 cell walls than for ttl1 (88.1 ± 2.8 vs. 16.08 ± 6.9 kPa). Seven days of osmotic stress caused an increase in the stiffness in the cell wall of the cells from the elongation zone of 87% and 84% for Col-0 and ttl1, respectively. These findings suggest that TTL1 may play a role controlling cell expansion orientation during root growth, necessary for osmotic stress adaptation.

scholarly journals The Fungicide Tetramethylthiuram Disulfide Negatively Affects Plant Cell Walls, Infection Thread Walls, and Symbiosomes in Pea (Pisum sativum L.) Symbiotic Nodules

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 1488
Author(s):  
Artemii P. Gorshkov ◽  
Anna V. Tsyganova ◽  
Maxim G. Vorobiev ◽  
Viktor E. Tsyganov
Keyword(s):  
Pisum Sativum ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Infection Thread ◽  
Nodule Development ◽  
Starch Accumulation ◽  
Ultrastructural Organization ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Tetramethylthiuram Disulfide ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Nodule Senescence

In Russia, tetramethylthiuram disulfide (TMTD) is a fungicide widely used in the cultivation of legumes, including the pea (Pisum sativum). Application of TMTD can negatively affect nodulation; nevertheless, its effect on the histological and ultrastructural organization of nodules has not previously been investigated. In this study, the effect of TMTD at three concentrations (0.4, 4, and 8 g/kg) on nodule development in three pea genotypes (laboratory lines Sprint-2 and SGE, and cultivar ‘Finale’) was examined. In SGE, TMTD at 0.4 g/kg reduced the nodule number and shoot and root fresh weights. Treatment with TMTD at 8 g/kg changed the nodule color from pink to green, indicative of nodule senescence. Light and transmission electron microscopy analyses revealed negative effects of TMTD on nodule structure in each genotype. ‘Finale’ was the most sensitive cultivar to TMTD and Sprint-2 was the most tolerant. The negative effects of TMTD on nodules included the appearance of a senescence zone, starch accumulation, swelling of cell walls accompanied by a loss of electron density, thickening of the infection thread walls, symbiosome fusion, and bacteroid degradation. These results demonstrate how TMTD adversely affects nodules in the pea and will be useful for developing strategies to optimize fungicide use on legume crops.

Studies of Mineral Reserves in Pea (Pisum sativum) Cotyledons Using Low-Water-Content Procedures

1984 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 459 ◽  
Author(s):  
JNA Lott ◽  
DJ Goodchild ◽  
S Craig
Keyword(s):  
Pisum Sativum ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Protein Bodies ◽  
Tissue Preparation ◽  
Cytoplasmic Matrix ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Mineral Reserves

Most of the phytin in pea (Pisum sativum) cotyledons is water soluble. In order to determine where K and P are located it was necessary to use anhydrous or low water content tissue preparation procedures to obtain samples suitable for energy dispersive X-ray analysis studies using a transmission electron microscope. While some protein bodies do contain electron-dense globoid crystals, most do not. Globoid crystals are more prevalent in the abaxial part of the cotyledon where the provascular network is located. When present, globoid crystals contain considerable Mg, and/or Ca along with P and K. Protein bodies that lack globoid crystals still contain considerable P and K with lesser amounts of elements such as S, Cl and Mg. This is consistent with these protein bodies containing K-phytate in the proteinaceous matrix. While there is a lot of K inside the protein bodies, K is widespread in pea cotyledon tissue and could be detected in starch grains, cell walls and the cytoplasmic matrix.

Root Growth of Green Pea ( Pisum sativum L.) Genotypes

Crop Science ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 38 (6) ◽  
pp. 1445-1451 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristian Thorup‐Kristensen
Keyword(s):  
Pisum Sativum ◽  
Root Growth ◽  
Pisum Sativum L ◽  
Green Pea

Effect of soil nitrate on the growth and nodulation of winter crop legumes

1990 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 651 ◽  
Author(s):  
AL Cowie ◽  
RS Jessop ◽  
DA MacLeod
Keyword(s):  
Pisum Sativum ◽  
Root Growth ◽  
Cicer Arietinum ◽  
Relative Effect ◽  
Controlled Environment ◽  
Soil Nitrate ◽  
Nodule Number ◽  
Winter Crop ◽  
Nitrate Supply ◽  
Environment Experiment

The relative effect of increasing external nitrate supply on the nodulation of 3 winter crop legumes was examined in a controlled environment experiment. Lupin (Lupinus angustifolius cvv. Chittick, Wandoo), chickpea (Cicer arietinum cvv. Tyson, Amethyst) and field pea (Pisum sativum cvv. Maitland, Dundale) were grown at 2 nitrate (NO-3) concentrations of 2 and 8 mmol/L for 40 days.Shoot and root growth were not affected by NO-3 concentration. Increased NO-3 concentration significantly (P<0.05) reduced nodule number and nodule weight in all species. The inhibition of nodulation by increased NO-3 was greatest in peas, followed by chickpeas, and least in lupins.

scholarly journals On the effect of carbon dioxide on geotropic curvature of the roots of Pisum sativum L

1905 ◽  
Vol 76 (510) ◽  
pp. 351-358 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Pisum Sativum ◽  
Root Growth ◽  
Partial Pressure ◽  
Vicia Sativa ◽  
Main Root ◽  
Cent Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Aerial Parts ◽  
Pisum Sativum L ◽  
Partial Pressures

Many physiologists have shown that, in general, carbon dioxide exercises a narcotic or toxic influence on vegetable protoplasm, temporarily or permanently affecting its activity, according to the partial pressure under which the gas acts. De Saussure (1), as long ago as 1804, stated that, in an atmosphere containing 8 per cent. Carbon dioxide, the growth of peas was less than in air; Böhm (2), in 1873, found that roots of Phaseolus multiflorus , after 17 days’ exposure, exhibited successively less elongation in partial pressures of 2, 5, 10, and 14 per cent. Carbon dioxide respectively, the temperature ranging between 17° and 19° C.; in each percentage named the growth was progressively less than in normal air. Montemartini (3), in 1892, working with roots of Pisum , found 7 per cent. and upwards to depress growthactivity. Chapin (4), in 1902, found the growth of roots of Pisum sativum and Vicia sativa to be diminished by 5 per cent., and arrested by 25 to 30 per cent. and upwards. Growth of the stem in the same plants was diminished by 15 per cent., and completely inhibited by 22 to 25 per cent. Experiments conducted by one of us, in conjunction with Professor Farmer, have proved that seedling peas may be kept in an atmosphere containing 20 per cent. carbon dioxide for 14 days without losing the power of renewed growth when placed in air. It is interesting to note that, in many of these plants, the plumule was destroyed, although the main root continued to grow, growth being carried on by shoots arising in the axils of the cotyledons. Brown and Escombe (5) grew plants in increased partial pressures of carbon dioxide. The anatomy of these plants was investigated by Farmer and Chandler (6), who found the growth of the aërial parts to be diminished, while root-growth was apparently unaltered. Ewart (7) observed that carbon dioxide stops protoplasmic steaming, but he does not state the percentage employed in his experiments.

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