Nuclear DNA replicates during zygote development in Arabidopsis and Torenia fournieri

Abstract The progression of the cell cycle is continuous in most cells, but gametes (sperm and egg cells) exhibit an arrest of the cell cycle to await fertilization to form a zygote, which then continues through the subsequent phases to complete cell division. The phase in which gametes of flowering plants arrest has been a matter of debate, since different phases have been reported for the gametes of different species. In this study, we reassessed the phase of cell-cycle arrest in the gametes of two species, Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) and Torenia fournieri. We first showed that 4’, 6-diamidino-2-phenylindole staining was not feasible to detect changes in gametic nuclear DNA in T. fournieri. Next, using 5-ethynyl-2’-deoxyuridine (EdU) staining that detects DNA replication by labeling the EdU absorbed by deoxyribonucleic acid, we found that the replication of nuclear DNA did not occur during gamete development but during zygote development, revealing that the gametes of these species have a haploid nuclear DNA content before fertilization. We thus propose that gametes in the G1 phase participate in the fertilization event in Arabidopsis and T. fournieri.

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Image-Based Detection of Patient-Specific Drug-Induced Cell-Cycle Effects in Glioblastoma

SLAS DISCOVERY Advancing Life Sciences ◽

10.1177/2472555218791414 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 23 (10) ◽

pp. 1030-1039

Author(s):

Damian J. Matuszewski ◽

Carolina Wählby ◽

Cecilia Krona ◽

Sven Nelander ◽

Ida-Maria Sintorn

Keyword(s):

Cell Cycle ◽

Cell Cycle Arrest ◽

Dna Content ◽

Nuclear Dna ◽

Nuclear Dna Content ◽

Cell Cycle Phase ◽

Patient Specific ◽

Cycle Phase ◽

Glioblastoma Cells ◽

Cycle Arrest

Image-based analysis is an increasingly important tool to characterize the effect of drugs in large-scale chemical screens. Herein, we present image and data analysis methods to investigate population cell-cycle dynamics in patient-derived brain tumor cells. Images of glioblastoma cells grown in multiwell plates were used to extract per-cell descriptors, including nuclear DNA content. We reduced the DNA content data from per-cell descriptors to per-well frequency distributions, which were used to identify compounds affecting cell-cycle phase distribution. We analyzed cells from 15 patient cases representing multiple subtypes of glioblastoma and searched for clusters of cell-cycle phase distributions characterizing similarities in response to 249 compounds at 11 doses. We show that this approach applied in a blind analysis with unlabeled substances identified drugs that are commonly used for treating solid tumors as well as other compounds that are well known for inducing cell-cycle arrest. Redistribution of nuclear DNA content signals is thus a robust metric of cell-cycle arrest in patient-derived glioblastoma cells.

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Cannabidiol Induces Cell Cycle Arrest and Cell Apoptosis in Human Gastric Cancer SGC-7901 Cells

Biomolecules ◽

10.3390/biom9080302 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (8) ◽

pp. 302 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Xin Zhang ◽

Yao Qin ◽

Zhaohai Pan ◽

Minjing Li ◽

Xiaona Liu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gastric Cancer ◽

Cell Cycle ◽

Protein Expression ◽

Cell Cycle Arrest ◽

Phase Cell ◽

G1 Phase ◽

Therapeutic Effects ◽

Human Gastric Cancer ◽

Expression Levels ◽

Cycle Arrest

The main chemical component of cannabis, cannabidiol (CBD), has been shown to have antitumor properties. The present study examined the in vitro effects of CBD on human gastric cancer SGC-7901 cells. We found that CBD significantly inhibited the proliferation and colony formation of SGC-7901 cells. Further investigation showed that CBD significantly upregulated ataxia telangiectasia-mutated gene (ATM) and p53 protein expression and downregulated p21 protein expression in SGC-7901 cells, which subsequently inhibited the levels of CDK2 and cyclin E, thereby resulting in cell cycle arrest at the G0–G1 phase. In addition, CBD significantly increased Bax expression levels, decreased Bcl-2 expression levels and mitochondrial membrane potential, and then upregulated the levels of cleaved caspase-3 and cleaved caspase-9, thereby inducing apoptosis in SGC-7901 cells. Finally, we found that intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) increased after CBD treatment. These results indicated that CBD could induce G0–G1 phase cell cycle arrest and apoptosis by increasing ROS production, leading to the inhibition of SGC-7901 cell proliferation, thereby suggesting that CBD may have therapeutic effects on gastric cancer.

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Honokiol causes G0-G1 phase cell cycle arrest in human prostate cancer cells in association with suppression of retinoblastoma protein level/phosphorylation and inhibition of E2F1 transcriptional activity

Molecular Cancer Therapeutics ◽

10.1158/1535-7163.mct-07-0217 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 6 (10) ◽

pp. 2686-2695 ◽

Cited By ~ 78

Author(s):

E.-R. Hahm ◽

S. V. Singh

Keyword(s):

Prostate Cancer ◽

Cell Cycle ◽

Cancer Cells ◽

Protein Level ◽

Transcriptional Activity ◽

Phase Cell ◽

G1 Phase ◽

Human Prostate Cancer ◽

Prostate Cancer Cells ◽

Cycle Arrest

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Polyphenol-rich extract of Salvia chinensis exhibits anticancer activity in different cancer cell lines, and induces cell cycle arrest at the G0/G1-phase, apoptosis and loss of mitochondrial membrane potential in pancreatic cancer cells

Molecular Medicine Reports ◽

10.3892/mmr.2015.4074 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 12 (4) ◽

pp. 4843-4850 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

QUAN ZHAO ◽

XUE-CHEN HUO ◽

FU-DONG SUN ◽

RUI-QIAN DONG

Keyword(s):

Cell Cycle ◽

Pancreatic Cancer ◽

Membrane Potential ◽

Anticancer Activity ◽

Cell Cycle Arrest ◽

Cancer Cells ◽

Mitochondrial Membrane ◽

G1 Phase ◽

Cycle Arrest ◽

Pancreatic Cancer Cells

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Growth Inhibition and Induction of G1 Phase Cell Cycle Arrest in Human Lung Cancer Cells by a Phenylbutenoid Dimer Isolated from Zingiber cassumunar

Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin ◽

10.1248/bpb.30.1561 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 30 (8) ◽

pp. 1561-1564 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Jong-Won Lee ◽

Hye-Young Min ◽

Ah-Reum Han ◽

Hwa-Jin Chung ◽

Eun-Jung Park ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lung Cancer ◽

Cell Cycle ◽

Cancer Cells ◽

Human Lung ◽

Human Lung Cancer ◽

Phase Cell ◽

G1 Phase ◽

Cycle Arrest ◽

Human Lung Cancer Cells ◽

Zingiber Cassumunar

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The inhibition of activated hepatic stellate cells proliferation by arctigenin through G0/G1 phase cell cycle arrest: Persistent p27Kip1 induction by interfering with PI3K/Akt/FOXO3a signaling pathway

European Journal of Pharmacology ◽

10.1016/j.ejphar.2014.11.040 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 747 ◽

pp. 71-87 ◽

Cited By ~ 37

Author(s):

Ao Li ◽

Jun Wang ◽

Mingjun Wu ◽

Xiaoxun Zhang ◽

Hongzhi Zhang

Keyword(s):

Cell Cycle ◽

Cell Cycle Arrest ◽

Signaling Pathway ◽

Hepatic Stellate Cells ◽

Stellate Cells ◽

Phase Cell ◽

G1 Phase ◽

Cycle Arrest ◽

Activated Hepatic Stellate Cells

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Nuclear DNA content and minimum generation time in herbaceous plants

Proceedings of the Royal Society of London Series B Biological Sciences ◽

10.1098/rspb.1972.0042 ◽

1972 ◽

Vol 181 (1063) ◽

pp. 109-135 ◽

Cited By ~ 406

Keyword(s):

Cell Cycle ◽

Dna Content ◽

Cycle Time ◽

Generation Time ◽

Nuclear Dna ◽

Nuclear Dna Content ◽

Annual Species ◽

Cell Cycle Time ◽

Developmental Processes ◽

The Mean

Many components of cell and nuclear size and mass are correlated with nuclear DNA content in plants, as also are the durations and rates of such developmental processes as mitosis and meiosis. It is suggested that the multiple effects of the mass of nuclear DNA which affect all cells and apply throughout the life of the plant can together determine the minimum generation time for each species. The durations of mitosis and of meiosis are both positively correlated with nuclear DNA content and, therefore, species with a short minimum generation time might be expected to have a shorter mean cell cycle time and mean meiotic duration, and a lower mean nuclear DNA content, than species with a long mean minimum generation time. In tests of this hypothesis, using data collated from the literature, it is shown that the mean cell cycle time and the mean meiotic duration in annual species is significantly shorter than in perennial species. Furthermore, the mean nuclear DNA content of annual species is significantly lower than for perennial species both in dicotyledons and monocotyledons. Ephemeral species have a significantly lower mean nuclear DNA content than annual species. Among perennial monocotyledons the mean nuclear DNA content of species which can complete a life cycle within one year (facultative perennials) is significantly lower than the mean nuclear DNA content of those which cannot (obligate perennials). However, the mean nuclear DNA content of facultative perennials does not differ significantly from the mean for annual species. It is suggested that the effects of nuclear DNA content on the duration of developmental processes are most obvious during its determinant stages, and that the largest effects of nuclear DNA mass are expressed at times when development is slowest, for instance, during meiosis or at low temperature. It has been suggested that DNA influences development in two ways, directly through its informational content, and indirectly by the physical-mechanical effects of its mass. The term 'nucleotype' is used to describe those conditions of the nucleus which effect the phenotype independently of the informational content of the DNA. It is suggested that cell cycle time, meiotic duration, and minimum generation time are determined by the nucleotype. In addition, it may be that satellite DNA is significant in its nucleotypic effects on developmental processes.

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