Police Perspectives of Problem Solving in the Context of Audience Legitimacy

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott W Phillips
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
Police Officers ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Order Maintenance ◽  
Police Agencies ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Individual Variables ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Maintenance Problem ◽  
Level Of Agreement

Abstract This study examines the police officer’s contemporary views of dealing with minor order-maintenance problems. Their views of problem-solving go beyond situational, neighbourhood and individual variables. Officers might also consider ‘audience legitimacy’ when forming their opinion of problem-solving. A quasi-experimental vignette research design was used to gauge a police officer’s views of rudimentary order-maintenance activity. Police officers of various ranks, and from a range of different sized police agencies, responded to an online survey, resulting in an N of 473. The dependent variable asked respondents their level of agreement with the actions of an officer described in a vignette. Respondents disagreed with an officer’s decision to ignore an order-maintenance problem. The neighbourhood crime characteristics were not related to their judgements about the decisions of the vignette officer. The type of nuisance crime event described in the vignette was related to the respondent’s level of agreement, but only at the 0.10 level. The respondent’s audience legitimacy score was correlated with several officer characteristics, but the relationship disappeared in the regression analysis. The findings are discussed in relation to prior research, and suggestions are made for multidimensional policing research.

Cops and COVID: an examination of California officers' perceptions and experiences while policing during a pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
John Shjarback ◽  
Obed Magny
Keyword(s):  
Police Officers ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Organizational Level ◽  
Sensitive Information ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Police Agencies ◽  
Police Executives

PurposeUsing online survey data from a sample of 440 police officers in California throughout May 2020, the current study collected time-sensitive information on officers' perceptions and departmental experiences in the wake of the pandemic. It examined officers' perceptions of agency responsivity as well as their perceptions of morale, stress and risk following agency responses and changes in policy patterns, service delivery innovations and other administrative challenges.Design/methodology/approachCOVID-19 had a tremendous impact on the law enforcement community, who continued to work and adapt in order to provide public safety. During the first few months of the pandemic, a number of national data collection efforts set out to understand what police agencies, at the organizational-level, were doing to address the crisis. Largely missing from these initial discussions were the perspectives of individual officers, particularly how they felt about their respective departments ensuring safety and balancing risk.FindingsResults from ordinary least squares (OLS) regressions found that the number of departmental changes made in the wake of COVID-19 that reduced police–public contact was associated with (1) increased levels of perceived agency responsivity to officer needs (i.e. balancing officer safety, taking active steps to maintain officers' mental health) and (2) reduced levels of perceived negative outlook (e.g. stress, low morale, danger/risk). Policy implications and the importance of police executives' decisions during crisis are discussed.Originality/valueThis study is one of the first, to the authors’ knowledge, to examine perceptions of policing during the pandemic from an individual officer point of view rather than an organizational standpoint.

The formation of suspicion: A vignette study

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 274-284
Author(s):  
Scott W Phillips
Keyword(s):  
Police Officers ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Police Training ◽  
The Body ◽  
Police Culture ◽  
Heuristics And Biases ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Vignette Study ◽  
Police Agencies ◽  
Survey Results

Being suspicious is part of police training, and is emphasized in police culture. Tversky and Kahneman argued that people make decisions based on a limited number of heuristic factors to reduce a complex task to likely probabilities ( Tversky A and Kahneman D [1974] Judgment under uncertainty: heuristics and biases. Science 185[4157]: 1124–1131). This study contributes to the body of scholarship studying police suspicion. It uses vignettes describing an incident involving characteristics important when police officers form suspicion. This design allows respondents to judge a situation before actual engagement. A convenience sample of police officers, supervisors, and administrators from police agencies of different sizes located in two different states responded to an online survey. Results demonstrated that the time of an event, the person’s race, and their manner of dress, contributed to the formation of suspicion. Other factors (i.e., suspect age, neighborhood) were not significantly related to suspicion. Further, respondents with few years of experience were more likely to see the conditions within a vignette as suspicious. The findings indicate that unacceptable stereotyping can result from using scanty or outdated heuristic tools to simplify decision-making. Further, there is a need for additional research examining the conditions related to suspicion formation.

scholarly journals Measuring leadership an assessment of the Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. e0254329
Author(s):  
Joan Manuel Batista-Foguet ◽  
Marc Esteve ◽  
Arjen van Witteloostuijn
Keyword(s):  
Leadership Development ◽  
Police Officers ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire ◽  
Charismatic Leadership ◽  
Multifactor Leadership ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Leadership Research ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Multidimensional Models

Although the most used measure of transformational leadership, the Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire (MLQ), has been the subject of intense scrutiny among leadership scholars, little interest has been shown in analyzing the relationship between its underlying constructs and / or their measures. The present study identifies a formative factor structure for most MLQ first-order factors, replacing the usual reflective model. We demonstrate the value of this structure using data from two different samples. First, we applied the MLQ to a sample of 129 police officers from the Catalan Police workforce. Second, we ran an online survey with 300 US citizens. We argue that three second-order factors (transformational, transactional, and laissez faire) should be used as emergent aggregate multidimensional models to describe three different leadership styles, challenging the ubiquitous multidimensional latent models favored in the extant literature. We then propose that transformational/charismatic leadership should be treated as a multidimensional emergent profile model, replacing the leadership development order of precedence, which is dominant in modern leadership research.

scholarly journals Learning styles of millennial students at a pharmacy school in the Philippines

2020 ◽  
pp. 265-272
Author(s):  
Darwin I Carrido ◽  
Romeo-Luis F Ramirez
Keyword(s):  
Learning Styles ◽  
Learning Style ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Pharmacy Students ◽  
Instructional Approaches ◽  
Millennial Students ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
The Relationship

Background: The millennial generation already composes the majority of populations across different pharmacy schools in the Philippines. The need to explore millennial students’ learning styles and its governing factors thereby become more valuable in changing and innovating instructional approaches, designs, and strategies used in their learning environment. Aims: This study aimed to generally describe the learning styles of the millennial pharmacy students from a college institution in the Philippines using the Vermunt’s Inventory of Learning Styles (ILS). Specifically, it aimed to determine the appropriate approaches in response to the students’ learning styles, and the relationship between and among the variables of the study. Method: A quasi- experimental research design was employed in this study using online survey as the method of data collection. Descriptive statistical analysis was employed to analyse the data using Microsoft Office Excel 2013 and IBM Statistical Package for Social Sciences Statistics. Pearson’s correlation coefficient investigated the relationship between and among the independent and dependent variables, while t-test and one-way ANOVA tested for significant difference among groups. Results: There were 124 out of 168 students who participated in the study making the overall response rate at ~74%. The most prevalent learning style among the millennial pharmacy students enrolled in De La Salle Medical and Health Sciences Institute, College of Pharmacy is application- directed (3.85±0.46), followed by reproduction-directed (3.81±0.45), undirected (3.73±0.49) and lastly meaning-directed (3.52±0.54). The students’ perceived grades were significantly reflected by their learning styles. Conclusion: Results of this study may be used in increased capitalising and development of the learning style profile of millennial pharmacy students to application-directed approaches. Instructional approaches, designs and strategies must cater to how students learn effectively and strategically, and consider all possible governing factors that affect learning styles of students.

Exploring the Direct and Indirect Linkages Between Supervisory Disrespect and Officer Cooperation and Disrespect in Policing

2021 ◽  
pp. 109861112110378
Author(s):  
Cynthia-Lee Williams ◽  
Yuning Wu ◽  
Ivan Y. Sun ◽  
Marrten Van Craen
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Commitment ◽  
Occupational Stress ◽  
Police Officers ◽  
Organizational Identification ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Police Agencies ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Research And Policy

Although recent studies have found that organizational justice is instrumental in promoting beneficial outcomes within police agencies, relatively little is known about how organizational injustice may be linked to police officers’ occupational attitudes and behaviors. We propose a theoretical framework linking disrespectful supervisors directly to officers’ willingness to cooperate with supervisors and treat citizens with respect and indirectly through occupational stress, organizational commitment, and organizational identification. Based on survey data collected from 584 police officers in Taiwan, we tested the proposed direct and indirect relationships using structural equation modeling (SEM) approaches. We found that having disrespectful supervisors directly lowers officers’ willingness to work with supervisors. The relationship between disrespectful supervisors and disrespectful officers is largely indirect, mediated by occupational stress, organizational commitment, and organizational identification. Implications for future research and policy are discussed.

The Effects of Body-Worn Cameras on Violent Police Victimization

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Douglas
Keyword(s):  
Police Officers ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Law Enforcement Agencies ◽  
Research Attention ◽  
Police Organizations ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Police Agencies ◽  
Citizen Interactions ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Body-worn cameras (BWCs) have been presented as a technological innovation to cultivate greater civility in police–citizen interactions. Attempts have been made to clarify the impact of BWCs upon various policing outcomes, but the effects of BWCs on assaults against police has received scant research attention. Existing studies have been limited to a handful of jurisdictions with limited generalizability to a broader range of police organizations. Combining a number of official data sets for the years 2011–13, the current study assesses the relationship between BWCs and police victimization by focusing on total assaults and firearm assaults against police officers in a sample of 516 police agencies. The results indicate that BWC usage is negatively associated with police victimization in both models. This suggests that BWCs can assist in preventing the occurrence of general and extreme violence against police in a wide range of law enforcement agencies in varied settings.

The Impact of Visual Thinking Approach to Promote Elementary Students’ Problem Solving Skill in Mathemathics

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 98
Author(s):  
Muhammad Fendrik ◽  
Elvina Elvina
Keyword(s):  
Elementary Schools ◽  
Problem Solving ◽  
Elementary Students ◽  
Visual Learning ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Visual Thinking ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Student Skill ◽  
Mathematical Skill ◽  
The Impact

This study aims to examine the influence of visual thinking learning to problemsolving skill. Quasi experiments with the design of this non-equivalent controlgroup involved Grade V students in one of the Elementary Schools. The design ofthis study was quasi experimental nonequivalent control group, the researchbullet used the existing class. The results of research are: 1) improvement ofproblem soving skill. The learning did not differ significantly between studentswho received conventional learning. 2) there is no interaction between learning(visual thinking and traditional) with students' mathematical skill (upper, middleand lower) on the improvement of skill. 3) there is a difference in the skill oflanguage learning that is being constructed with visual learning of thought interms of student skill (top, middle and bottom).

İNSAN KAYNAKLARI YÖNETİCİLERİNİN LİDERLİK TARZI, YARATICI PROBLEM ÇÖZME KAPASİTESİ VE KARİYER TATMİNİ ARASINDAKİ İLİŞKİLERİN ARAŞTIRILMASI: AMPİRİK BİR ÇALIŞMA

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hüseyin YILMAZ
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
Human Resources ◽  
Leadership Style ◽  
Career Satisfaction ◽  
Leadership Behavior ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Creative Problem Solving ◽  
Democratic Leadership ◽  
Creative Problem ◽  
The Relationship

The aim of this study is the creative problem-solving capacity of the organization with leadership behaviors of human resources managers and employees to examine the relationship between career satisfaction and is tested empirically. Research within the scope of the required data structured questionnaire method, operating in the province of Aydin was obtained from 130 employees working in five star hotels. Democratic leadership style according to the factor analysis, easygoing, participants converter, and releasing autocratic leadership dimensions were determined. According to the analysis, the dependent variable with a significant level of research and positive leadership style has been determined that no relationships. Regression analysis revealed that the leadership of the relationship with the creative problem-solving capacity of democratic leadership in style when found to be stronger than other leadership styles, while the variable describing the career of the employee satisfaction level of the maximum it was concluded that the creative problem-solving capacity of the organization. Research in the context of human resources on the very important for organizations, leadership behavior, creative problem-solving capacity and career satisfaction studies analyzing the relationships between variables it seems to be quite limited. The discovery by analyzing the relationship between the aforementioned variables, can make significant contributions to knowledge in the literature and are expected to form the basis for future research.

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