scholarly journals Oral lavage with polyethylene glycol reduces microbial colonization in the gastrointestinal tract of broilers

2002 ◽  
Vol 81 (4) ◽  
pp. 585-589 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Farhat ◽  
C.W. Maddox ◽  
M.E. Edwards ◽  
M.H. Costell ◽  
J.A. Hadley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polyethylene Glycol ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Microbial Colonization

scholarly journals BOARD INVITED REVIEW: The pig microbiota and the potential for harnessing the power of the microbiome to improve growth and health1

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (9) ◽  
pp. 3741-3757 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nirosh D Aluthge ◽  
Dana M Van Sambeek ◽  
Erin E Carney-Hinkle ◽  
Yanshuo S Li ◽  
Samodha C Fernando ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Microbial Colonization ◽  
Critical Importance ◽  
Specific Host ◽  
Microbiome Research ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
The Impact

Abstract A variety of microorganisms inhabit the gastrointestinal tract of animals including bacteria, archaea, fungi, protozoa, and viruses. Pioneers in gut microbiology have stressed the critical importance of diet:microbe interactions and how these interactions may contribute to health status. As scientists have overcome the limitations of culture-based microbiology, the importance of these interactions has become more clear even to the extent that the gut microbiota has emerged as an important immunologic and metabolic organ. Recent advances in metagenomics and metabolomics have helped scientists to demonstrate that interactions among the diet, the gut microbiota, and the host to have profound effects on animal health and disease. However, although scientists have now accumulated a great deal of data with respect to what organisms comprise the gastrointestinal landscape, there is a need to look more closely at causative effects of the microbiome. The objective of this review is intended to provide: 1) a review of what is currently known with respect to the dynamics of microbial colonization of the porcine gastrointestinal tract; 2) a review of the impact of nutrient:microbe effects on growth and health; 3) examples of the therapeutic potential of prebiotics, probiotics, and synbiotics; and 4) a discussion about what the future holds with respect to microbiome research opportunities and challenges. Taken together, by considering what is currently known in the four aforementioned areas, our overarching goal is to set the stage for narrowing the path towards discovering how the porcine gut microbiota (individually and collectively) may affect specific host phenotypes.

scholarly journals Complications and hospital stay after endoscopic retrieval of drug baggies in body stuffers: an observational prospective study

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahtab Shabani ◽  
Marzieh Kefayati ◽  
Hossein Hassanian-Moghaddam ◽  
Nasim Zamani ◽  
Rebecca McDonald
Keyword(s):  
Polyethylene Glycol ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Conservative Treatment ◽  
Prospective Study ◽  
Hospital Stay ◽  
Safe Alternative ◽  
Conservative Group ◽  
Observational Prospective Study ◽  
Endoscopic Retrieval ◽  
Upper Gastrointestinal

AbstractBody stuffers routinely receive conservative treatment, i.e. administration of the laxative polyethylene glycol for the passage of ingested drug baggies and observation. Endoscopic baggie removal may offer a safe alternative that could result in shorter hospitalization. We aimed to compare complications, hospital stay, and final outcome in body stuffers assigned to endoscopy versus conservative treatment. This is an observational prospective study of body stuffers presenting to a clinical toxicology center in Tehran (Iran) in 2016–2019, irrespective of the drug ingested. Eligible patients had baggies in their upper gastrointestinal tract and presented without severe poisoning. Patients received either endoscopy or conservative treatment, and clinical outcomes were compared between the groups. A total of 69 patients were enrolled, with a median age of 29 years (range 18–64), among whom 1 was female (2%). Eighteen and 51 patients were endoscopically and conservatively managed, respectively. Drugs most commonly ingested were heroin in endoscopy patients (8/18 cases; 44%) and methamphetamine in the conservative group (28/51 cases; 55%). Endoscopy patients had a shorter hospital stay (median 1.5 vs. 2 days, P = 0.018). In the conservative group, one patient died, and the rate of complications was significantly higher, with more patients experiencing side effects (OR = 1.4, 95% CI = 1.2, 1.7) and requiring intubation (OR = 1.3, 95% CI = 1.1, 1.5). Endoscopic retrieval was associated with fewer complications and shorter hospitalization. Endoscopy may be a safe treatment for body stuffers without severe poisoning on presentation.

scholarly journals Iso-osmolar hyponatremia from polyethylene glycol

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bryan M Tucker ◽  
James L Pirkle ◽  
Erinda Stefi ◽  
David Sheikh-Hamad ◽  
Thomas DuBose
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Polyethylene Glycol ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Patient Care ◽  
Clinical Setting ◽  
Laboratory Data ◽  
Accurate Diagnosis ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Pathophysiological Mechanisms

Abstract Understanding and applying pathophysiological concepts to patient care is an important skill for physicians in the clinical setting. Here, we present a case that demonstrates how the application of common physiological concepts relating to the widely accepted hyponatremia algorithm led to an accurate diagnosis of hyponatremia. This case documents iso-osmolar hyponatremia caused by orally administered polyethylene glycol absorption in the gastrointestinal tract. Herein, we discuss the workup and differential diagnosis for iso-osmolar hyponatremia in juxtaposition with the pathophysiological mechanisms unique to this case. We discuss these pathophysiological mechanisms based on the patients’ laboratory data and responses to therapeutic interventions.

scholarly journals Global Analysis of Microbiota Signatures in Four Major Types of Gastrointestinal Cancer

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jihan Wang ◽  
Yangyang Wang ◽  
Zhenzhen Li ◽  
Xiaoguang Gao ◽  
Dageng Huang
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Cancer Progression ◽  
Gastrointestinal Cancer ◽  
Paired Comparison ◽  
Global Analysis ◽  
Colon Adenocarcinoma ◽  
The Cancer Genome Atlas ◽  
Microbial Colonization ◽  
Cancer Types ◽  
New Perspective

The gut microbiota has been previously linked with tumorigenesis and gastrointestinal cancer progression; however, intra-tumor microbiota analysis has just emerged and deserves increasing attention. Based on the public databases of The Cancer Microbiome Atlas (TCMA) and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), this study identified the tissue/organ microbial signatures generated from 443 biosamples of four major gastrointestinal cancer types, including esophageal carcinoma (ESCA), which further includes esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAD) and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), stomach adenocarcinoma (STAD), colon adenocarcinoma (COAD), and rectum adenocarcinoma (READ). According to partial least squares discrimination analysis (PLS-DA), the profile differences in microbial communities between the tumor and normal samples were not particularly noticeable across the four cancer cohorts, whereas paired comparison analyses revealed several specific differences in bacteria between tumor and normal samples in the EAD, STAD, and COAD samples. The taxa classified from the phylum to genus level revealed a trend of distinguishable microbial profiles between upper and lower gastrointestinal tumors. The Bacteroidetes/Firmicutes ratio in lower gastrointestinal tract tumors was nearly three times that in upper gastrointestinal tract tumors. We also determined the relative tissue/organ-prevalent microbes for each of the four cohorts at the order and genus levels. Microbe Alistipes, Blautia, Pasteurellales, and Porphyromonas compositions were correlated with the clinical characteristics of patients with gastrointestinal cancer, particularly colorectal cancer. Taken together, our findings indicate that microbial profiles shift across different gastrointestinal cancer types and that microbial colonization is highly site-specific. Composition of specific microbes can be indicative of cancer stage or disease progression. Overall, this study indicates that the microbial community and abundance in human tissues can be determined using publicly available data, and provides a new perspective for intra-tissue/organ microbiota research.

Gastrointestinal microflora of full-term newborn infants with different modes of delivery

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 30-32
Author(s):  
Yelena Vladimirovna Rybina ◽  
Kamila Gabitovna Kenbayeva ◽  
Alevtina Mikhailovna Savicheva
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Cesarean Section ◽  
Vaginal Delivery ◽  
Newborn Infants ◽  
Full Term ◽  
Microbial Colonization ◽  
Gastric Aspirate ◽  
Term Newborn ◽  
Gastrointestinal Microflora

The study aimed to investigate the microflora of the gastrointestinal tract in infants born via vaginal delivery or Cesarean section. In the first hours postpartum, microbial colonization of the gastrointestinal tract occurred in 78 % of the infants born via vaginal delivery, and in 27 % of the infants born via Cesarean section. The effects of antibiotics and probiotics, which were administered to the women during pregnancy and labor, on the composition of gastrointestinal micro-flora in infants were studied. In the infants born to mothers receiving antimicrobials lactobacilli in gastric aspirate and meconium were not detected. Using probiotics during pregnancy did not have any effect on lactobacilli detection in the infants.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF CHRONIC RENAL DYSFUNCTION ON THE PERMEABILITY OF THE COLON TO WATER AND ELECTROLYTES: EXPERIMENTAL STUDY IN RATS

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elionai Gomes FREIRE ◽  
José Cirlânio Sousa ALBUQUERQUE ◽  
Israel Pinto LEAL ◽  
Nayara Alves SOUSA ◽  
José Ronaldo Vasconcelos da GRAÇA
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Renal Failure ◽  
Polyethylene Glycol ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
The Other ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Progression Of Renal Failure ◽  
Colonic Secretion ◽  
Secretory Capacity

ABSTRACT Background: Renal insufficiency is a disease that affects several organs by provoking hypervolemia and uremia. The disease reaches more than 500 million people worldwide and few studies bring their influence on the gastrointestinal tract. Aim: To evaluate the influence of 5/6 nephrectomy-induced hypervolemia on colonic permeability to water and electrolytes. Method: Sixty male Wistar rats weighing between 280-300 g were divided into three groups: 3, 7 and 14 days after nephrectomy, each one having a false-operated/control and partially nephrectomized. For colonic permeability they were submitted to colonic perfusion with a solution of Tyroad containing phenolphthalein. Differences among the concentrations of Na+, K+ and Cl- were used to calculate the rate of colonic permeability for the electrolytes. Phenolphthalein concentrations were used to evaluate the rate of secretion and water absorption. Results: The colonic secretion of water and electrolytes occurred expressively in the group seven days after nephrectomy. Hemodynamic and biochemical assessments determined the progression of renal failure in all three groups and polyethylene glycol was shown to be effective in reversing the secretory capacity of the colon. Conclusion: Hypervolemia established after 7 days post-nephrectomy 5/6 caused marked colonic secretion for water and electrolytes. The organism presents progressive colonic secretion as the blood volume increases; on the other hand, polyethylene glycol was able to revert this secretory framework of the colon to water and electrolytes by reversing the hypervolemia.

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