Effects of Dietary Metabolizable Energy and Crude Protein Content on the Activities of Digestive Enzymes in Jejunal Fluid of Peking Ducks

An experiment compared egg production on a diet using a mixture of wheat, barley, and oats as the grain portion, with a diet in which the wheat and oats were replaced with barley. A comparison between sundried and dehydrated lucerne meal was included. A second experiment compared the same formulations of barley and mixed grain diets as used in the first experiment, and a mixed grain diet of higher crude protein content. Replacing wheat and oats with barley in an otherwise unchanged diet did not significantly affect the number of eggs produced but did increase the average egg weight by 1.1 g in both experiments, significantly so in one experiment, but not in the other. Increasing the crude protein content of the mixed grain diet did not significantly affect either egg production or egg weight. Consumption of the barley diet was greater than the mixed grain diets. This increase in consumption was less than would have been expected on the basis of equal energy intakes, indicating that the metabolizable energy value of the barley used was greater than values previously published for barley. No differences were found in performance between sundried and dehydrated lucerne meal.

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Energy values in pig nutrition:3. The digestible and metabolizable energy content of barley, wheat, maize, oats and rye

The Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.1017/s0021859600041149 ◽

1982 ◽

Vol 98 (1) ◽

pp. 89-97 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

J. Wiseman ◽

D. J. A. Cole ◽

D. Lewis

Keyword(s):

Protein Content ◽

Significant Variation ◽

Crude Protein ◽

Energy Content ◽

Nitrogen Retention ◽

Metabolizable Energy ◽

Crude Protein Content ◽

Experimental Conditions ◽

Cereal Species ◽

Commercial Sources

SUMMARYThe digestible energy (DE) and metabolizable energy (ME) content of eight samples of barley, eight of wheat, four of maize and two each of oats and rye were determined using growing gilts. The DE content of barley ranged from 15·35 to 15·89 MJ/kg D.M., from 15·15 to 16·42 MJ/kg D.M. for wheat and from 16·05 to 16·47 MJ/kg D.M. for maize. DE values for the two oat samples were 12·48 and 12·74 MJ/kg D.M. and 15–04 and 15–47 MJ/kg D.M. for the two rye samples. There was a significant correlation between DE and ME:ME (MJ/kg D.M.) = 0·050 + 0·965 DE: r = 0·99; P < 0·001.The ratio ME/DE was significantly influenced by crude-protein content:ME/DE = 100–0·254 CP%: r = –0·77; P < 0·001.ME values were also corrected to zero nitrogen retention (MEno) and to 30% nitrogen retention (MEN30). The effect of such corrections was expressed as MEN0/ME and MEN30/ME. Values thus obtained were 0·98 and 1·00 respectively for the pooled values for all cereals.The data indicated that there was unlikely to be significant variation in the DE content of samples of the same cereal species, selected from commercial sources within the U.K. when evaluated under standardized experimental conditions.

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Protein requirements of male cattle fattened on diets differing in energy concentrations

Animal Science ◽

10.1017/s0003356100023977 ◽

1980 ◽

Vol 30 (2) ◽

pp. 189-197 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

D. Levy ◽

Z. Holzer ◽

Y. Folman ◽

M. Bleiberg ◽

D. Ilan

Keyword(s):

Weight Gain ◽

Protein Content ◽

Crude Protein ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Live Weight ◽

High Energy ◽

Metabolizable Energy ◽

Energy Concentration ◽

Crude Protein Content ◽

Live Weight Gain

ABSTRACTThe effects of three levels of crude protein in the diet, 10, 12 and 14 %, on the performance of entire Israeli Friesian male cattle (bulls) during fattening, was studied in two experiments.The bulls were 5 months old and 200 kg live weight, and 7·5 months and 250 kg, at the start of Experiments 1 and 2, respectively, and were slaughtered after 178 to 268 days (Experiment 1) or 156 to 166 days (Experiment 2) on trial, at a live weight of 430 to 480 kg.In Experiment 1 mixed diets of two metabolizable energy concentrations (11·1 and 10·5 MJ metabolizable energy/kg dry matter) were used, each containing concentrates with 10, 12 or 14% crude protein content. In half of the treatments the crude protein content of the concentrate was increased by two percentage units for the first 61 days of the experiment. Daily live-weight gain was significantly higher at 14% and 16% crude protein than at 10% and 12% crude protein during the first 61 days for animals on the high energy diet, but liveweight gain was not affected by crude protein content on the low energy diet over this period, or at either energy concentration from 62 days to slaughter.In Experiment 2 the diet consisted of concentrate, wheat straw and cotton hulls, giving a metabolizable energy concentration of approximately 10·55 MJ/kg dry matter. Daily live-weight gain did not differ significantly between concentrates containing 10, 12 or 14% crude protein, but carcass weight gain was higher at 12% and 14% crude protein than at 10% crude protein.It is concluded that in order to ensure the best performance of bulls of the Israeli Friesian breed, diets with a high concentration of energy should contain 14% crude protein when fed to animals with a body weight of 200 to 300 kg, and 12% crude protein for heavier animals.

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Food products. Determination of the total nitrogen content by combustion according to the Dumas principle and calculation of the crude protein content

10.3403/30109615u ◽

2015 ◽

Keyword(s):

Nitrogen Content ◽

Protein Content ◽

Total Nitrogen ◽

Crude Protein ◽

Food Products ◽

Total Nitrogen Content ◽

Crude Protein Content

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Cereals and pulses. Determination of the nitrogen content and calculation of the crude protein content. Kjeldahl method

10.3403/30131418 ◽

2006 ◽

Keyword(s):

Nitrogen Content ◽

Protein Content ◽

Crude Protein ◽

Crude Protein Content ◽

Kjeldahl Method

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Animal feeding stuffs. Determination of nitrogen content and calculation of crude protein content

10.3403/30198882 ◽

2009 ◽

Keyword(s):

Nitrogen Content ◽

Protein Content ◽

Crude Protein ◽

Crude Protein Content ◽

Animal Feeding

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Early productivity and crude protein content of establishing forage swards composed of combinations of native grass and legume species in mixed-grassland ecoregions

Canadian Journal of Plant Science ◽

10.4141/cjps2012-261 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 93 (3) ◽

pp. 445-454 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Jenalee M. Mischkolz ◽

Michael P. Schellenberg ◽

Eric G. Lamb

Keyword(s):

Protein Content ◽

Crude Protein ◽

Plant Density ◽

Warm Season ◽

Forage Yield ◽

Schizachyrium Scoparium ◽

Legume Species ◽

Crude Protein Content ◽

Native Grass ◽

Western Wheatgrass

Mischkolz, J. M., Schellenberg, M. P. and Lamb, E. G. 2013. Early productivity and crude protein content of establishing forage swards composed of combinations of native grass and legume species in mixed-grassland ecoregions. Can. J. Plant Sci. 93: 445–454. We evaluated the early establishment productivity of forage swards of native, perennial, cool and warm season grasses, and legumes as they have the potential to provide non-invasive, productive, and drought resistant rangelands. Seven species with agronomic potential and a broad native geographic distribution were selected for testing including: nodding brome [Bromus anomalus (Coult.)], blue bunch wheatgrass [Pseudoregneria spicata (Pursh)], western wheatgrass [Pascopyrum smithii (Rydb.)], side oats grama [Bouteloua curtipendula (Michx.)], little blue stem [Schizachyrium scoparium (Michx.)], purple prairie clover [Dalea purpurea (Vent.)], and white prairie clover [Dalea candida (Willd.)]. Forage swards, including all seven monocultures, 21 two-species mixtures and a mixture with all species, were planted in two sites, Saskatoon and Swift Current, Saskatchewan. Western wheatgrass (WWG) had the highest overall plant density and the strongest effect on the forage yield of the forage swards; however, productivity and crude protein content were not reduced when other species were also included in the forage sward. Dalea spp. did not establish as well as the other species, but had the highest crude protein concentrations. This work provides insight into forage sward development at the establishment stage; additional work is required to determine long-term species impacts for well established forage swards.

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