Energy values in pig nutrition:3. The digestible and metabolizable energy content of barley, wheat, maize, oats and rye

1982 ◽  
Vol 98 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Wiseman ◽  
D. J. A. Cole ◽  
D. Lewis
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Significant Variation ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Nitrogen Retention ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Crude Protein Content ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Cereal Species ◽  
Commercial Sources

SUMMARYThe digestible energy (DE) and metabolizable energy (ME) content of eight samples of barley, eight of wheat, four of maize and two each of oats and rye were determined using growing gilts. The DE content of barley ranged from 15·35 to 15·89 MJ/kg D.M., from 15·15 to 16·42 MJ/kg D.M. for wheat and from 16·05 to 16·47 MJ/kg D.M. for maize. DE values for the two oat samples were 12·48 and 12·74 MJ/kg D.M. and 15–04 and 15–47 MJ/kg D.M. for the two rye samples. There was a significant correlation between DE and ME:ME (MJ/kg D.M.) = 0·050 + 0·965 DE: r = 0·99; P < 0·001.The ratio ME/DE was significantly influenced by crude-protein content:ME/DE = 100–0·254 CP%: r = –0·77; P < 0·001.ME values were also corrected to zero nitrogen retention (MEno) and to 30% nitrogen retention (MEN30). The effect of such corrections was expressed as MEN0/ME and MEN30/ME. Values thus obtained were 0·98 and 1·00 respectively for the pooled values for all cereals.The data indicated that there was unlikely to be significant variation in the DE content of samples of the same cereal species, selected from commercial sources within the U.K. when evaluated under standardized experimental conditions.

The performance of laying hens on diets using barley as the main energy source

1973 ◽  
Vol 13 (62) ◽  
pp. 251 ◽  
Author(s):  
EA Dunstan
Keyword(s):  
Energy Source ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Laying Hens ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
The Other ◽  
Crude Protein Content ◽  
Egg Weight ◽  
Equal Energy

An experiment compared egg production on a diet using a mixture of wheat, barley, and oats as the grain portion, with a diet in which the wheat and oats were replaced with barley. A comparison between sundried and dehydrated lucerne meal was included. A second experiment compared the same formulations of barley and mixed grain diets as used in the first experiment, and a mixed grain diet of higher crude protein content. Replacing wheat and oats with barley in an otherwise unchanged diet did not significantly affect the number of eggs produced but did increase the average egg weight by 1.1 g in both experiments, significantly so in one experiment, but not in the other. Increasing the crude protein content of the mixed grain diet did not significantly affect either egg production or egg weight. Consumption of the barley diet was greater than the mixed grain diets. This increase in consumption was less than would have been expected on the basis of equal energy intakes, indicating that the metabolizable energy value of the barley used was greater than values previously published for barley. No differences were found in performance between sundried and dehydrated lucerne meal.

Energy values in pig nutrition:I. The relationship between digestible energy, metabolizable energy and total digestible nutrient values of a range of feedstuffs

1975 ◽  
Vol 84 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. Morgan ◽  
D. J. A. Cole ◽  
D. Lewis
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Nitrogen Retention ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Variable Effect ◽  
Digestible Energy ◽  
Maximum Change ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Total Digestible Nutrient

SUMMARYNineteen feedstuffs were evaluated for total digestible nutrients (TDN), digestible energy (DE) and metabolizable energy (ME) using growing pigs. DE values, on a drymatter basis, ranged from 1570 kcal/kg D.M. (grassmeal) to 4890 kcal/kg D.M. (BP Grangemouth protein). ME averaged 97·4% of DE for cereal feeds and 81·9% of DE for protein feeds, the ratio of DE to ME being significantly affected by the crudeprotein content of the feedstuff:ME/DE × 100 = 99·7–0·18 × crude protein (%): r = –0·94; P < 0·01.TDN was more closely related to ME than DE:DE (kcal/kg D.M.) = 45 TDN + 156: r = 0·92; P < 0·01,ME (kcal/kg D.M.) = 43 TDN + 71: r = 0·98; P < 0·01.ME values were corrected to both 30% and 0% nitrogen retention. Correction to 30% retention caused a maximum change of 3% in ME value while correction to 0% retention had a variable effect related to protein content of the feedstuff:(ME(N0)/ME) × 100 = 98·3–0·113 × crude protein (%): r = –0·80; P < 0·01.

Protein requirements of male cattle fattened on diets differing in energy concentrations

1980 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 189-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Levy ◽  
Z. Holzer ◽  
Y. Folman ◽  
M. Bleiberg ◽  
D. Ilan
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Energy Concentration ◽  
Crude Protein Content ◽  
Live Weight Gain

ABSTRACTThe effects of three levels of crude protein in the diet, 10, 12 and 14 %, on the performance of entire Israeli Friesian male cattle (bulls) during fattening, was studied in two experiments.The bulls were 5 months old and 200 kg live weight, and 7·5 months and 250 kg, at the start of Experiments 1 and 2, respectively, and were slaughtered after 178 to 268 days (Experiment 1) or 156 to 166 days (Experiment 2) on trial, at a live weight of 430 to 480 kg.In Experiment 1 mixed diets of two metabolizable energy concentrations (11·1 and 10·5 MJ metabolizable energy/kg dry matter) were used, each containing concentrates with 10, 12 or 14% crude protein content. In half of the treatments the crude protein content of the concentrate was increased by two percentage units for the first 61 days of the experiment. Daily live-weight gain was significantly higher at 14% and 16% crude protein than at 10% and 12% crude protein during the first 61 days for animals on the high energy diet, but liveweight gain was not affected by crude protein content on the low energy diet over this period, or at either energy concentration from 62 days to slaughter.In Experiment 2 the diet consisted of concentrate, wheat straw and cotton hulls, giving a metabolizable energy concentration of approximately 10·55 MJ/kg dry matter. Daily live-weight gain did not differ significantly between concentrates containing 10, 12 or 14% crude protein, but carcass weight gain was higher at 12% and 14% crude protein than at 10% crude protein.It is concluded that in order to ensure the best performance of bulls of the Israeli Friesian breed, diets with a high concentration of energy should contain 14% crude protein when fed to animals with a body weight of 200 to 300 kg, and 12% crude protein for heavier animals.

scholarly journals Energy and nitrogen retention in milk-fed lambs

1987 ◽  
Vol 1987 ◽  
pp. 79-79
Author(s):  
A.R. Mantecon ◽  
R. Pelaez ◽  
F.J. Ovejero
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Experimental Design ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nitrogen Retention ◽  
Crude Protein Content ◽  
Protein Energy ◽  
Age And Sex

The effect of the level of energy intake (EI), crude protein content of the diet (CP), age and sex of growing lambs fed milk diets upon the retention of energy (ER) and nitrogen (NR) was studied.A total of 114 lambs of the Churra breed removed from their dams at birth were used. The lambs were kept in metabolism cages and during the first two days of life were bottle-fed colostrum in quantity equivalent to 40% of their birth weight.Afterwards milk-diets in which the protein-energy concentrations were between 15 and 35% were reconstituted at 180 g/kg of dry matter and given to the lambs according to the experimental design.

Effect of dietary fiber and crude protein content in feed on nitrogen retention in pigs1

2012 ◽  
Vol 90 (suppl_4) ◽  
pp. 158-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Patráš ◽  
S. Nitrayová ◽  
M. Brestenský ◽  
J. Heger
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Dietary Fiber ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Nitrogen Retention ◽  
Crude Protein Content

scholarly journals Structure and nutritional value of BRS Zuri grass under shading

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Estella Rosseto JANUSCKIEWICZ ◽  
Luísa Melville PAIVA ◽  
Henrique Jorge FERNANDES ◽  
Alex Coene FLEITAS ◽  
Camila Fernandes Domingues DUARTE ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
Crude Protein Content ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Foliar Fertilization ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Dead Material

ABSTRACT The objective was to determine the structural and nutritive parameters for Panicum maximum cv. BRS Zuri under a Eucalyptus shading system, in rainy and dry seasons. At the beginning of each season, the treatments (foliar fertilization levels of 0, 3, 6 and 9 L ha-1) were applied and evaluated at 28, 56, and 84 growing days. The treatments did not affect significantly (p ≥ 0.05) the evaluated parameters. The systems (shading and full sun) and seasons did not change (p ≥ 0.05) forage and root masses. The leaf crude protein content was higher (p ≤ 0.05) in the dry season. Height, leaf mass, stem and dead material, neutral and acid detergent fiber contents, and in vitro dry matter digestibility were affected (p ≤ 0.05) by the system x season. The growing days did not affect (p ≥ 0.05) forage mass. The mass of dead material decreased (p ≤ 0.05) over the evaluated intervals. The other parameters were affected (p ≤ 0.05) by system × growing days. Based on the results, the forage and root masses show that the cv. BRS Zuri is adapted to the shading in the proposed experimental conditions. These masses added to the crude protein content indicate adaptation to low rainfall, inherent to the dry season, while foliar fertilization applied at the beginning of seasons did not affect the structural and nutritive parameters of BRS Zuri grass.

scholarly journals STUDY ON ENERGY AND PROTEIN DISTRIBUTION FOR EGG MASS PRODUCTION IN GUINEA FOWLS LAYERS USING THE SYSTEM ‘CLARCS OF DISTRIBUTION/TRANSFORMATION’

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (Suppl.1) ◽  
pp. 29-33
Author(s):  
D. Penkov ◽  
M. Nikolova ◽  
A. Peltekov
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Egg Mass ◽  
Crude Protein Content ◽  
Protein Distribution ◽  
Total Energy Content ◽  
Metabolizable Energy Intake ◽  
Total Crude Protein ◽  
Distribution Transformation

Aim: To introduce and calculate the energy and crude protein distribution from fodder to the edible part of the egg mass. New indexes “Clarc of energy distribution (CED)” and “Clarc of protein transformation (CPT)” were introduced. Methods: The “Clarc’s” were calculated by using the following formula: CED = Total energy content in the yolk, albumen, mélange/Total metabolizable energy intake for 1 kg yolk, albumen, mélange; CPT = Total (crude) protein content in yolk, albumen, mélange/Total (crude) protein intake for 1 kg yolk, albumen, mélange. Results: CDE to the yolk, albumen, mélange – 0.1492, 0.0399 and 0.1891 respectively; CPT to the yolk, albumen, mélange – 0.1041, 0.113, 0.2771 respectively.

A note on the influence of micronization and polyethylene glycol on the nutritional value of brown sorghum for growing pigs

1980 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 157-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. P. Savage ◽  
W. C. Smith ◽  
P. A. Briggs
Keyword(s):  
Polyethylene Glycol ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Nitrogen Retention ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Gross Energy

ABSTRACTMicronization followed by grinding of brown-seeded sorghum increased starch availability in vitro but had no effect on proximate composition of the grain. In diets containing 70% of sorghum in ground or micronized and ground form, apparent digestibility of dry matter and nitrogen and nitrogen retention by growing pigs were improved (2·5, 5·0 and 12·2% respectively). Addition to the diet of 0*2 g polyethylene glycol per g crude protein in the sorghum fraction produced similar effects. In the ground cereal diet inclusion of polyethylene glycol increased apparent digestibility of gross energy (3·8%) and improved metabolizable energy content by 5·5%, but i n the micronized and ground cereal diet the additive had no effect.

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