scholarly journals Effect of Duration of a Moderate Exercise Program on Primary and Secondary Immune Responses in Mice

2003 ◽  
Vol 83 (7) ◽  
pp. 638-647 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zoher F Kapasi ◽  
Pamela A Catlin ◽  
Meredith A Adams ◽  
Elizabeth G Glass ◽  
Bart W McDonald ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibody Response ◽  
Exercise Program ◽  
Endogenous Opioids ◽  
Exercise Session ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Moderate Exercise ◽  
Secondary Antibody ◽  
Primary Immunization ◽  
Antibody Levels ◽  
Enhance Antibody Response

Abstract Background and Purpose. Moderate exercise conducted over a 4- to 8-week period enhances secondary antibody response and is mediated, in part, by endogenous opioids. Because changes in circulating levels of endogenous opioids occur after each exercise session, the researchers in this study tested the hypothesis that a shorter exercise program of 2 weeks may be sufficient to enhance secondary antibody response. Another purpose of this study was to examine the effects of a moderate exercise program completed prior to the primary immunization on the secondary antibody response in mice. Subjects and Methods. Young (8- to 10-week-old), syngeneic, female C57BL/6 mice were randomly assigned to exercise (2 or 8 weeks) and sedentary intervention protocols. Mice were immunized against human serum albumin (HSA), and serum anti-HSA antibody levels were measured (in micrograms per milliliter) using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results. The secondary antibody response was comparable in mice exercising for 2 or 8 weeks and was enhanced over sedentary controls. Discussion and Conclusion. A moderate exercise program of 2 weeks may be sufficient to improve secondary antibody production and may be a useful strategy to enhance antibody response to vaccinations in humans. Furthermore, an exercise program that includes exercise prior to the primary immunization in addition to exercise following primary immunization may not provide additional enhancement of secondary antibody response.

scholarly journals The Role of Endogenous Opioids in Moderate Exercise Training-Induced Enhancement of the Secondary Antibody Response in Mice

2001 ◽  
Vol 81 (11) ◽  
pp. 1801-1809 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zoher F Kapasi ◽  
Pamela A Catlin ◽  
Jon Beck ◽  
Tamara Roehling ◽  
Kathryn Smith
Keyword(s):  
Exercise Training ◽  
Antibody Response ◽  
Exercise Group ◽  
Endogenous Opioids ◽  
Treadmill Running ◽  
Opioid Antagonist ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Moderate Exercise ◽  
Secondary Antibody ◽  
Moderate Exercise Training

Background and Purpose. Moderate exercise training (60%–80% of maximal oxygen uptake) enhances the secondary antibody response. The mechanism underlying this enhancement, however, has not been determined. In moderate doses, endogenous opioids such as enkephalins enhance antibody response. Furthermore, serum concentrations of endogenous opioids increase in response to exercise, and training programs augment this effect. Therefore, the enhancement of the secondary antibody response induced by moderate exercise may be brought about, in part, by endogenous opioids. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of naltrexone (an opioid antagonist) on the enhancement of secondary antibody response induced by moderate exercise in young mice. Subjects and Methods. C57BL/6 mice immunized to human serum albumin (HSA) were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 groups: naltrexone, placebo, or control (received no intervention). Then, the mice in each group were randomly assigned to either an exercise group (treadmill running at 15 m/min, 0° slope, 5 days per week for 8 weeks) or a non-exercise group. At the end of 8 weeks, booster immunization was given, and the mice in the exercise group continued to exercise. Ten days later, when high levels of antibodies are produced in secondary antibody response, anti-HSA antibodies in serum were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results. With naltrexone implantation, mice that exercised showed a depression of secondary antibody response as compared with mice that exercised and either received a placebo or did not receive any intervention. Discussion and Conclusion. Endogenous opioids may play a role in the enhancement of the secondary antibody response observed after moderate exercise.

THE SERUM GLYCOPROTEIN RESPONSE FOLLOWING X-IRRADIATION AND PRIMARY IMMUNIZATION IN THE RABBIT

1963 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 2147-2156
Author(s):  
Henry E. Weimer ◽  
Marvin B. Rittenberg ◽  
Eric L. Nelson
Keyword(s):  
Antibody Response ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Tissue Injury ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Total Serum Protein ◽  
Total Serum ◽  
Primary Immunization ◽  
Serum Glycoprotein ◽  
X Irradiation ◽  
Antibody Levels

Serial determinations of total serum glycoprotein, seromucoid hexose, total serum protein and antibody levels were carried out in four groups of adult, male albino rabbits subjected to the following experimental procedures: (a) 400 r whole body X-irradiation, (b) immunization with 10 mg I131 BSA, (c) irradiation followed by antigen injection 24 hours later, and (d) bleeding controls. The dose of radiation employed suppressed the antibody response of (c). Significant increases in total glycoprotein and seromucoid hexose occurred 24 hours after exposure in the irradiated groups and persisted for 4 days. Pronounced decreases in total protein were observed in (a), (b), and (c). It was concluded that increases in serum glycoproteins were related primarily to tissue injury.

scholarly journals The Correlation Between IgM and IgG Antibodies With Blood Profile In Patients Infected With COVID 19

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zahra Alibolandi ◽  
Amirreza Ostadian ◽  
Saeed Sayyah ◽  
Hamed Haddad Kashani ◽  
Hassan Ehteram ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Antibody Response ◽  
Laboratory Data ◽  
Severe Illness ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Igg Antibodies ◽  
Igg Antibody ◽  
Blood Profile ◽  
Virus Exposure ◽  
Antibody Levels

Abstract Objectives: This study aimed to determine the levels of IgM and IgG antibody response to the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV)-2 in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients with different disease severity.Methods: IgM and IgG antibody levels were evaluated via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). In total, 100 patients with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection were enrolled in this study and viral RNA was detected by using Real-time PCR technique. Clinical and laboratory data were collected and analyzed after hospital admission for COVID-19 and two months post-admission. Results: The level of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody IgG was significantly higher in the severe patients than those in moderate and mild groups, 2 months after admission. Also, level of IgG was positively associated with increased WBC, NUT and LYM counts in sever than mild or moderate groups after admission to hospital.Conclusion: Our findings suggested that patients with severe illness might experience longer virus exposure times and have a stronger antibody response against viral infection. Thus, they have longer time immunity compared with other groups.

THE EFFECT OF AN OESTROGENIC STEROID ON THE SECONDARY IMMUNE RESPONSE UNDER DIFFERENT HORMONAL ENVIRONMENTS

1973 ◽  
Vol 72 (3) ◽  
pp. 582-586 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasmin M. Thanavala ◽  
Shanta S. Rao ◽  
A. N. Thakur
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Antibody Response ◽  
Parabolic Type ◽  
Secondary Antibody ◽  
Secondary Immune Response ◽  
Adrenal Hormones ◽  
Enhancing Effect ◽  
High Doses ◽  
Antibody Levels ◽  
Tetanus Antibodies

ABSTRACT The effect of mestranol was studied on the secondary antibody response in mice under different hormonal environments. The results revealed that in the intact and ovariectomized animals treated with the oestrogen, the antibody response was of the parabolic type. In adrenalectomized mice, the administration of the steroid resulted in appreciably elevated levels of anti-tetanus antibodies. The response obtained was similar in animals receiving both the low and high doses of the oestrogen. Removal of both the ovaries and the adrenals resulted in marked increases in the antibody levels. Thus mestranol exerts an enhancing effect on the secondary antibody response in mice. This enhancement is, however, modified and regulated by the endogenous ovarian and adrenal hormones.

scholarly journals Critical Differences between Pneumococcal Polysaccharide Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assays with and without 22F Inhibition at Low Antibody Concentrations in Pediatric Sera

2006 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 356-360 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabelle Henckaerts ◽  
David Goldblatt ◽  
Lindsey Ashton ◽  
Jan Poolman
Keyword(s):  
Capsular Polysaccharide ◽  
Distribution Curve ◽  
Reference Method ◽  
Threshold Concentration ◽  
Cumulative Distribution ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Primary Immunization ◽  
Inhibition Assay ◽  
Inhibition Elisa ◽  
Antibody Levels

ABSTRACT A comparative study was conducted between two laboratories in order to evaluate the differences between two enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) techniques for the detection of pneumococcal anti-capsular polysaccharide antibodies. One laboratory used an assay including heterologous 22F polysaccharide inhibition, and the other laboratory employed a non-22F reference assay. After conjugate immunization, 30 pediatric post-primary immunization sera with antipolysaccharide concentrations ranging from <0.05 to 15 μg/ml were analyzed. Aggregate reverse cumulative distribution curves combining concentrations of antibodies against serotypes 4, 6B, 9V, 14, 18C, 19F, and 23F revealed similar results for both methods at antibody levels of >1 μg/ml. However, at antibody levels of <1 μg/ml, the distribution curve measured with the 22F inhibition ELISA shifted toward lower levels. This observation suggests that the 22F inhibition assay is more specific at low antibody concentrations, which was confirmed by heterologous polysaccharide inhibition experiments. Translation of low antibody levels suggested that the proposed threshold concentration of 0.35 μg/ml determined with the non-22F ELISA corresponded to a concentration of 0.20 μg/ml with the 22F inhibition ELISA. Pneumococcal antipolysaccharide ELISA including 22F inhibition can be recommended as a reference method.

scholarly journals Kinetics of serum antibodies in response to infection with Yersinia enterocolitica

2019 ◽  
Vol 147 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Vaitkeviciute ◽  
P.F.M. Teunis ◽  
W. van Pelt ◽  
K.A. Krogfelt
Keyword(s):  
Antibody Response ◽  
Yersinia Enterocolitica ◽  
Serum Antibody ◽  
Assay Method ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Large Individual ◽  
Surveillance Systems ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Antibody Levels ◽  
Kinetics Of

AbstractInformation on the kinetics of the serum antibody response to infection with Yersinia enterocolitica is essential to allow the estimation and comparison of seroconversion rates in a diversity of pools of cross-sectional serum antibody measurements. Data from 94 patients with acute enteritis caused by Yersinia infection were used. The follow-up period for the longitudinal study was 36 months, addressed by questionnaire. An indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method was adapted to determine the concentration of antibodies against Y. enterocolitica in human sera. A mathematical within-host model was used to describe the interaction between pathogen and immune system and the waning of immunity after clearing of the pathogen. All observed antibodies (IgG, IgM, IgA) reached peak levels shortly after infection and then decayed slowly indicating that the median levels decreased only little during the observation period. Estimated maximum peak antibody levels were highest in IgG. Seroresponse curves of all antibodies showed large individual variation between patients. There was no apparent pattern of variation with age, nor any notable difference between genders. Estimated half-times were very long for all antibodies, and their posterior distributions were highly skewed. IgA appeared to have the most persistent antibody response, compared with IgG and IgM. Median peak levels of all three antibodies were similar. There was no significance found between peak antibody levels and severity of symptoms of gastrointestinal infection and severity of joint pain. Our findings allow the use of cross-sectional serum antibody measurements as biomarkers, to estimate seroconversion rates. Such seroincidence estimates include asymptomatic seroconversions, thereby avoiding under-reporting, and allows the comparison of infection pressures among countries, independent of their healthcare and surveillance systems.

scholarly journals The Effects of Intense Physical Exercise on Secondary Antibody Response in Young and Old Mice

2000 ◽  
Vol 80 (11) ◽  
pp. 1076-1086 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zoher F Kapasi ◽  
Pamela A Catlin ◽  
Dexter R Joyner ◽  
Michelle L Lewis ◽  
Ann L Schwartz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Antibody Response ◽  
Immune Function ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Secondary Antibody ◽  
Intense Exercise ◽  
Booster Injection ◽  
Single Bout ◽  
Old Mice

Abstract Background and Purpose. Based largely on data from young subjects, intense physical exercise is believed to suppress immune function. In addition, immune function, including secondary antibody response, declines with advancing age. Therefore, intense exercise in old subjects may further suppress the secondary antibody response. The purpose of this in vivo study was to investigate the effects of intense physical exercise on secondary antibody response in young (6–8 weeks) and old (22–24 months) C57BL/6 mice. Subjects and Methods. Data were obtained from 22 young and 18 old C57BL/6 mice that were immunized to human serum albumin (HSA) and randomly divided into 3 groups. Two groups were exposed to a single bout of intense exercise to exhaustion and immediately boosted with an injection of HSA. The first group did not exercise further, but the second group continued with daily bouts of intense exercise to exhaustion for 9 days. The third group (control group) did not undergo intense exercise, but received the booster injection of HSA at the same time as the other groups. Ten days after the HSA booster injection, when high level of antibodies are produced in secondary antibody response, serum anti-HSA antibodies were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results. Young mice did not show suppression of secondary antibody response following intense exercise. However, old mice, exposed to a single bout of intense exercise, had an enhanced response similar to the response seen in young control mice. Conclusion and Discussion. The widely accepted hypothesis of immunosuppression resulting from intense exercise may not be true for old mice.

scholarly journals The Correlation between IgM and IgG Antibodies with Blood Profile in Patients Infected with COVID 19

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zahra Alibolandi ◽  
Amirreza Ostadian ◽  
Saeed Sayyah ◽  
Hamed Haddad Kashani ◽  
Hassan Ehteram ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Antibody Response ◽  
Laboratory Data ◽  
Severe Illness ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Igg Antibodies ◽  
Igg Antibody ◽  
Blood Profile ◽  
Virus Exposure ◽  
Antibody Levels

Abstract Objectives: This study aimed to determine the levels of IgM and IgG antibody response to the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV)-2 in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients with different disease severity.Methods: IgM and IgG antibody levels were evaluated via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). In total, 100 patients with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection were enrolled in this study and viral RNA was detected by using Real-time PCR technique. Clinical and laboratory data were collected and analyzed after hospital admission for COVID-19 and two months post-admission. Results: The level of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody IgG was significantly higher in the severe patients than those in moderate and mild groups, 2 months after admission. Also, level of IgG was positively associated with increased WBC, NUT and LYM counts in sever than mild or moderate groups after admission to hospital.Conclusion: Our findings suggested that patients with severe illness might experience longer virus exposure times and have a stronger antibody response against viral infection. Thus, they have longer time immunity compared with other groups.

THE SERUM GLYCOPROTEIN RESPONSE FOLLOWING X-IRRADIATION AND PRIMARY IMMUNIZATION IN THE RABBIT

1963 ◽  
Vol 41 (10) ◽  
pp. 2147-2156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henry E. Weimer ◽  
Marvin B. Rittenberg ◽  
Eric L. Nelson
Keyword(s):  
Antibody Response ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Tissue Injury ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Total Serum Protein ◽  
Total Serum ◽  
Primary Immunization ◽  
Serum Glycoprotein ◽  
X Irradiation ◽  
Antibody Levels

Serial determinations of total serum glycoprotein, seromucoid hexose, total serum protein and antibody levels were carried out in four groups of adult, male albino rabbits subjected to the following experimental procedures: (a) 400 r whole body X-irradiation, (b) immunization with 10 mg I131 BSA, (c) irradiation followed by antigen injection 24 hours later, and (d) bleeding controls. The dose of radiation employed suppressed the antibody response of (c). Significant increases in total glycoprotein and seromucoid hexose occurred 24 hours after exposure in the irradiated groups and persisted for 4 days. Pronounced decreases in total protein were observed in (a), (b), and (c). It was concluded that increases in serum glycoproteins were related primarily to tissue injury.

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