Incidence of lung cancer following pneumonia in smokers: a population-based study

Summary Background Pneumonia is more common in smokers compared with non-smokers. A high 1-year prevalence of lung cancer following hospitalization for pneumonia was demonstrated in heavy smokers. Aim To assess the association between hospitalization for pneumonia among ever-smokers and subsequent lung cancer risk. Design Retrospective analysis. Methods The study cohort included all ever-smokers aged 55–80 hospitalized for pneumonia between the years 2010–15 covered by a large medical insurer in Israel. Controls were matched to cases by age in a 4:1 ratio. The primary outcome was the association between hospitalization for pneumonia and subsequent 1-year incidence of lung cancer, adjusted for gender, smoking status (past/current) and pack years. Pre-specified sensitivity analyses excluded heavy smokers (smoking history of more than 30 pack years) and patients diagnosed with lung cancer within 30 days of hospitalization, as they probably had clinical or radiological findings suggestive of lung cancer, making them ineligible for screening. Results Lung cancer was identified in 275 of 12 807 (2.1%) patients following hospitalization for pneumonia and in 44 of 51 228 (0.1%) controls (adjusted odds ratio 22.46, 95% CI 16.29–30.96, P < 0.001). Among patients hospitalized for pneumonia, 1-year lung cancer incidence remained high after excluding heavy smokers and patients diagnosed within 30 days of the index date (1.3% and 1.4%, respectively). Conclusions Hospitalization for pneumonia is associated with high 1-year incidence of lung cancer in ever-smokers, supporting the important role of the widely used practice of performing follow up imaging post-pneumonia to exclude occult malignancy.

Download Full-text

Features of the Metabolic Profile of Saliva in Lung Cancer and COPD: The Effect of Smoking Status

Metabolites ◽

10.3390/metabo11050289 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (5) ◽

pp. 289

Author(s):

Lyudmila V. Bel’skaya ◽

Elena A. Sarf ◽

Denis V. Solomatin ◽

Victor K. Kosenok

Keyword(s):

Lung Cancer ◽

Smoking Status ◽

Principal Component ◽

Sialic Acids ◽

Smoking History ◽

Chronic Obstructive ◽

Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽

Principal Component Method ◽

Metabolic Characteristics ◽

History Of

The aim of the study was to compare the metabolic characteristics of the salivary composition in lung cancer, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and their combination, depending on the smoking history. The study group included 392 patients with lung cancer of various histological types. The division into subgroups was carried out in accordance with the severity of COPD and smoking experience. Salivary biochemical composition was determined according to 34 indicators. For data processing, the principal component method was used. Different groups of biochemical saliva markers are informative when separately accounting for the smoking factor and the presence of COPD in lung cancer. For smoking, antioxidant enzymes and electrolyte components of saliva are informative; for COPD metabolic enzymes, lipid peroxidation products, sialic acids and electrolyte components are informative. While taking into account the smoking factor and the presence of COPD, biochemical markers corresponding to the presence/absence and severity of COPD are the priority. Changes occurring in the background of smoking are of a secondary nature, manifesting as much as possible with a smoking history of more than 50 pack-years. Thus, the metabolic changes that occur in lung cancer in combination with COPD, depending on the smoking factor, can be estimated using saliva.

Download Full-text

LUNGRADS AND UPDATE OF LUNG NODULES SCREENING BY LOW DOSE COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY

Journal of Medicine and Pharmacy ◽

10.34071/jmp.2015.4_5.2 ◽

2015 ◽

pp. 12-19

Author(s):

Thi Ngoc Ha Hoang ◽

Trong Khoan Le

Keyword(s):

Lung Cancer ◽

Low Dose ◽

False Negative ◽

Lung Nodule ◽

Lung Cancer Mortality ◽

Smoking History ◽

Low Dose Ct ◽

History Of ◽

Chest X Ray ◽

Low Dose Computed Tomography

Background: A pulmonary nodule is defined as a rounded or irregular opacity, well or poorly defined, measuring up to 3 cm in diameter. Early detection the malignancy of nodules has a significant role in decreasing the mortality, increasing the survival time and consider as early diagnosis lung cancer. The main risk factors are those of current or former smokers, aged 55 to 74 years with a smoking history of at least 1 pack-day. Low dose CT: screening individuals with high risk of lung cancer by low dose CT scans could reduce lung cancer mortality by 20 percent compared to chest X-ray. Radiation dose has to maximum reduced but respect the rule of ALARA (As Low as Resonably Archivable). LungRADS 2014: Classification of American College of Radiology, LungRADS, is a newly application but showed many advantages in comparison with others classification such as increasing positive predict value (PPV), no result of false negative and cost effectiveness. Key words: LungRADS, screening lung nodule, low dose CT, lung cancer

Download Full-text

Pre-diagnosis neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and mortality in individuals who develop lung cancer

Cancer Causes & Control ◽

10.1007/s10552-021-01469-3 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Laurie Grieshober ◽

Stefan Graw ◽

Matt J. Barnett ◽

Gary E. Goodman ◽

Chu Chen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lung Cancer ◽

Proportional Hazards ◽

Smoking Status ◽

Cox Proportional Hazards ◽

Neutrophil To Lymphocyte Ratio ◽

Blood Draw ◽

Lymphocyte Ratio ◽

Cox Proportional Hazards Models ◽

Inflammatory Profile ◽

Heavy Smokers

Abstract Purpose The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is a marker of systemic inflammation that has been reported to be associated with survival after chronic disease diagnoses, including lung cancer. We hypothesized that the inflammatory profile reflected by pre-diagnosis NLR, rather than the well-studied pre-treatment NLR at diagnosis, may be associated with increased mortality after lung cancer is diagnosed in high-risk heavy smokers. Methods We examined associations between pre-diagnosis methylation-derived NLR (mdNLR) and lung cancer-specific and all-cause mortality in 279 non-small lung cancer (NSCLC) and 81 small cell lung cancer (SCLC) cases from the β-Carotene and Retinol Efficacy Trial (CARET). Cox proportional hazards models were adjusted for age, sex, smoking status, pack years, and time between blood draw and diagnosis, and stratified by stage of disease. Models were run separately by histotype. Results Among SCLC cases, those with pre-diagnosis mdNLR in the highest quartile had 2.5-fold increased mortality compared to those in the lowest quartile. For each unit increase in pre-diagnosis mdNLR, we observed 22–23% increased mortality (SCLC-specific hazard ratio [HR] = 1.23, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.02, 1.48; all-cause HR = 1.22, 95% CI 1.01, 1.46). SCLC associations were strongest for current smokers at blood draw (Interaction Ps = 0.03). Increasing mdNLR was not associated with mortality among NSCLC overall, nor within adenocarcinoma (N = 148) or squamous cell carcinoma (N = 115) case groups. Conclusion Our findings suggest that increased mdNLR, representing a systemic inflammatory profile on average 4.5 years before a SCLC diagnosis, may be associated with mortality in heavy smokers who go on to develop SCLC but not NSCLC.

Download Full-text

Cocaine use, abuse and dependence in a population-based sample of female twins

The British Journal of Psychiatry ◽

10.1192/bjp.173.4.345 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 173 (4) ◽

pp. 345-350 ◽

Cited By ~ 113

Author(s):

Kenneth S. Kendler ◽

Carol A. Prescott

Keyword(s):

Cocaine Abuse ◽

Genetic Factors ◽

Model Fitting ◽

Population Based ◽

Cocaine Use ◽

Past Half Century ◽

History Of ◽

Population Based Registry ◽

Twin Resemblance

BackgroundAlthough cocaine use in women has increased substantially over the past half-century, we understand little about the aetiology in women of cocaine use and abuse, and know almost nothing about the role of genetic factors.MethodWe obtained by telephone interview a history of lifetime cocaine use, abuse and dependence from 1934 individual twins from female–female pairs ascertained through a population-based registry, including both members of 485 monozygotic (MZ) and 335 dizygotic (DZ) pairs.ResultsThe prevalence of lifetime cocaine use, abuse and dependence were 14.0%, 3.3% and 2.3%. Probandwise concordance rates, in MZ and DZ twins, respectively, were: cocaine use 54% and 42%; cocaine abuse 47% and 8% and cocaine dependence 35% and 0%. In MZ and DZ twins, odds ratios were: cocaine use 14.2 and 6.7 and cocaine abuse 40.8 and 2.7. Biometrical model-fitting suggested that twin resemblance for liability to cocaine use was due to both genetic and familial–environmental factors while twin resemblance for cocaine abuse and symptoms of dependence was due solely to genetic factors. Estimated heritabilities were: cocaine use 0.39, cocaine abuse 0.79 and symptoms of dependence 0.65.ConclusionsThe vulnerability to cocaine use and particularly cocaine abuse and dependence in women is substantially influenced by genetic factors.

Download Full-text

Familial Aggregation of Psoriasis and Co-Aggregation of Autoimmune Diseases in Affected Families

Journal of Clinical Medicine ◽

10.3390/jcm8010115 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 115 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Yu-Huei Huang ◽

Chang-Fu Kuo ◽

Lu-Hsiang Huang ◽

Mei-Yun Hsieh

Keyword(s):

Autoimmune Diseases ◽

Genetic Factors ◽

Familial Aggregation ◽

Population Based ◽

Study Cohort ◽

Genetic Contribution ◽

Degree Relative ◽

Nationwide Study ◽

Relative Risks ◽

History Of

Psoriasis is considered to result from the interaction of genetic factors and environmental exposure. The evidence for familial aggregation in psoriasis has been reported but population-based studies related to the magnitude of genetic contribution to psoriasis are rare. This study aimed to evaluate the relative risks of psoriasis in individuals with affected relatives and to calculate the proportion of genetic, shared, and non-shared environmental factors contributing to psoriasis. The study cohort included 69,828 patients diagnosed with psoriasis enrolled in National health Insurance in 2010. The adjusted relative risks (RR) for individuals with an affected first-degree relative and affected second-degree relative were 5.50 (95% CI (Confidence Interval), 5.19–5.82) and 2.54 (95% CI, 2.08–3.12) respectively. For those who have affected first-degree relatives, their RR was 1.45 (95% CI, 1.17–1.79) for Sjogren’s syndrome and 1.94 (95% CI, 1.15–3.27) for systemic sclerosis. This nationwide study ascertains that family history of psoriasis is a risk factor for psoriasis. Individuals with relatives affected by psoriasis have higher risks of developing some autoimmune diseases.

Download Full-text

Incidence and risk factors for dysglycaemia in Asian-Indians: a 10-year population-based prospective cohort study

Postgraduate Medical Journal ◽

10.1136/postgradmedj-2021-141243 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. postgradmedj-2021-141243

Author(s):

Rahul Gupta ◽

Satyam Singh Jayant ◽

Ashu Rastogi ◽

Sanjay K Bhadada ◽

Anil Bhansali ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Asian Indians ◽

Sedentary Lifestyle ◽

Population Based ◽

Incidence Rates ◽

Study Cohort ◽

Family History Of Diabetes ◽

High Incidence ◽

History Of ◽

East Asia Region

BackgroundDiabetes prevalence estimates suggest an increasing trend in South-East Asia region, but studies on its incidence are limited. The current study aims to estimate the incidence of type 2 diabetes and pre-diabetes in a population-based cohort from India.MethodsA subset of Chandigarh Urban Diabetes Study cohort (n=1878) with normoglycaemia or pre-diabetes at baseline was prospectively followed after a median of 11 (0.5–11) years. Diabetes and pre-diabetes were diagnosed as per WHO guidelines. The incidence with 95% CI was calculated in 1000 person-years and Cox proportional hazard model was used to find the association between the risk factors and progression to pre-diabetes and diabetes.ResultsThe incidence of diabetes, pre-diabetes and dysglycaemia (either pre-diabetes or diabetes) was 21.6 (17.8–26.1), 18.8 (14.8–23.4) and 31.7 (26.5–37.6) per 1000 person-years, respectively. Age (HR 1.02, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.04), family history of diabetes (HR 1.56, 95% CI 1.09 to 2.25) and sedentary lifestyle (HR 1.51, 95% CI 1.05 to 2.17) predicted conversion from normoglycaemia to dysglycaemia, while obesity (HR 2.43, 95% CI 1.21 to 4.89) predicted conversion from pre-diabetes to diabetes.ConclusionA high incidence of diabetes and pre-diabetes in Asian-Indians suggests a faster conversion rate to dysglycaemia, which is partly explained by sedentary lifestyle and consequent obesity in these individuals. The high incidence rates call for a pressing need for public health interventions targeting modifiable risk factors.

Download Full-text

P1.06-002 The Role of Comorbidity in the Management and Prognosis in Nonsmall Cell Lung Cancer: A Population-Based Study

Journal of Thoracic Oncology ◽

10.1016/j.jtho.2017.09.896 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 12 (11) ◽

pp. S1986-S1987

Author(s):

J. Nilsson ◽

A. Berglund ◽

S. Bergström ◽

M. Bergqvist ◽

M. Lambe

Keyword(s):

Lung Cancer ◽

Cell Lung Cancer ◽

Nonsmall Cell Lung Cancer ◽

Population Based ◽

Population Based Study

Download Full-text

Changes in Smoking Status and Mortality From All Causes and Lung Cancer: A Longitudinal Analysis of a Population-based Study in Japan

Journal of Epidemiology ◽

10.2188/jea.je20170112 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 29 (1) ◽

pp. 11-17 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ling Zha ◽

Tomotaka Sobue ◽

Tetsuhisa Kitamura ◽

Yuri Kitamura ◽

Norie Sawada ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lung Cancer ◽

Longitudinal Analysis ◽

Smoking Status ◽

Population Based ◽

Population Based Study

Download Full-text

Risk of Appendicitis among Children with Different Piped Water Supply: A Nationwide Population-Based Study

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph15081601 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 15 (8) ◽

pp. 1601

Author(s):

Hao-Ming Li ◽

Shi-Zuo Liu ◽

Ying-Kai Huang ◽

Yuan-Chih Su ◽

Chia-Hung Kao

Keyword(s):

Water Supply ◽

Proportional Hazards ◽

Population Based ◽

Incidence Rates ◽

Cox Proportional Hazards ◽

Sensitivity Analyses ◽

Study Cohort ◽

Research Database ◽

Piped Water ◽

Increased Risk

Appendicitis is a common surgical condition for children. However, environmental effects, such as piped water supply, on pediatric appendicitis risk remain unclear. This longitudinal, nationwide, cohort study aimed to compare the risk of appendicitis among children with different levels of piped water supply. Using data from Taiwan Water Resource Agency and National Health Insurance Research Database, we identified 119,128 children born in 1996–2010 from areas of the lowest piped water supply (prevalence 51.21% to 63.06%) as the study cohort; additional 119,128 children of the same period in areas of the highest piped water supply (prevalence 98.97% to 99.63%) were selected as the controls. Both cohorts were propensity-score matched by baseline variables. We calculated the hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of appendicitis in the study cohort compared to the controls by Cox proportional hazards regression. The study cohort had a raised overall incidence rates of appendicitis compared to the control cohort (12.8 vs. 8.7 per 10,000 person-years). After covariate adjustment, the risk of appendicitis was significantly increased in the study cohort (adjusted HR = 1.46, 95% CI: 1.35, 1.58, p < 0.001). Subgroup and sensitivity analyses showed consistent results that children with low piped water supply had a higher risk of appendicitis than those with high piped water supply. This study demonstrated that children with low piped water supply were at an increased risk of appendicitis. Enhancement of piped water availability in areas lacking adequate, secure, and sanitized water supply may protect children against appendicitis.

Download Full-text