Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 in the dyslipidaemia of patients with axial spondyloarthritis is related to disease activity

Abstract Objective Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) is a serine protease that regulates cholesterol metabolism and has been linked to cardiovascular (CV) risk. The purpose of the present study was to examine whether PCSK9 levels are related to abnormalities in the lipid profile and the development of atherosclerosis that occurs in patients with axial SpA (axSpA). Methods We performed a cross-sectional study that encompassed 545 individuals; 299 patients with axSpA and 246 statin use–matched controls. PCSK9 and standard lipid profiles were analysed in patients and controls. Carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) and carotid plaques were assessed in patients. A multivariable analysis, adjusted for standard CV risk factors, was performed to evaluate the influence of PCSK9 on axSpA-related dyslipidaemia and subclinical carotid atherosclerosis. Results Total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein and low density lipoprotein cholesterol, lipoprotein (a) and apolipoprotein A1 were significantly lower in axSpA patients than controls. PCSK9 serum levels [β coefficient −44 ng/dl (95% CI −60, −27), P = 0.000] were also downregulated in axSpA patients after fully multivariable adjustment. ASDAS-CRP was found to be independently and significantly related to PCSK9 [β coefficient 10 ng/dl (95% CI 1, 18), P = 0.023] after analysing fully adjusted models that took age, sex and the rest of the lipid profile molecules into account. Whereas patients taking prednisone showed higher serum levels of PCSK9 [55 ng/ml (95% CI 24, 8), P = 0.001], those under anti-TNF-α therapies exhibited lower levels [β coefficient −26 ng/ml (95% CI −43, −9], P = 0.003]. Conclusion PCSK9 is downregulated in patients with axSpA. Disease activity is positive and significantly related to PSCK9. Anti-TNF-therapy yields a reduction in PCSK9 serum levels.

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Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 is related to disease activity and damage in patients with systemic erythematosus lupus

Therapeutic Advances in Musculoskeletal Disease ◽

10.1177/1759720x20975904 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

pp. 1759720X2097590

Author(s):

Hiurma Sánchez-Pérez ◽

Juan C. Quevedo-Abeledo ◽

Beatriz Tejera-Segura ◽

Laura de Armas-Rillo ◽

Iñigo Rúa-Figueroa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Disease Activity ◽

Lupus Erythematosus ◽

Cholesterol Metabolism ◽

Multivariable Analysis ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Serum Levels ◽

Lipid Profiles ◽

Proprotein Convertase ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Beta Coefficient

Background: Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) is a serine protease that regulates cholesterol metabolism through low-density lipoprotein receptor degradation and that has been linked to cardiovascular (CV) disease. The purpose of the present study was to examine whether PCSK9 levels are disrupted compared with controls in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). We additionally sought to establish whether PCSK9 is related to both the abnormalities in the lipid profile and to the disease activity or damage of patients with SLE. Methods: We performed a cross-sectional study that encompassed 366 individuals: 195 SLE patients and 171 age-, sex-, and statin intake-matched controls. PCSK9, lipoproteins serum concentrations, and lipid profiles were assessed in patients and controls. A multivariable analysis, adjusted for standard CV risk factors, was performed to evaluate the role of PCSK9 in SLE-related dyslipidemia. Results: Most lipid related-molecules were decreased in patients with SLE compared with controls. This downregulation included PCSK9, with PCSK9 levels being lower in patients than controls in the full multivariable analysis, including the modifications in lipid profiles that the disease itself produces {beta coefficient –73 [95% confidence interval (CI) –91 to –54] ng/ml, p ⩽ 0.001}. Both SLICC and SLEDAI scores were independently and positively related to PCSK9. Patients currently on hydroxychloroquine exhibited decreased levels of PCSK9 compared with those that were not taking hydroxychloroquine [beta coefficient –30 (95% CI −54 to −6) ng/ml, p = 0.015]. Conclusion: PCSK9 is downregulated in SLE compared with controls, but SLE patients with higher disease activity and damage exhibited higher PSCK9 serum levels.

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Proprotein Convertase Subtilisin/Kexin Type 9 in the Inflammation-Related Dyslipidemia of Patients with Axial Spondyloarthritis is Related to Disease Activity.

10.21203/rs.3.rs-21063/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Laura de Armas-Rillo ◽

Juan Carlos Quevedo-Abeledo ◽

Antonia de Vera-González ◽

Alejandra González-Delgado ◽

José A. García-Dopico ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cardiovascular Risk ◽

Disease Activity ◽

Lipid Profile ◽

Axial Spondyloarthritis ◽

Cholesterol Metabolism ◽

Multivariable Analysis ◽

Serum Levels ◽

Proprotein Convertase ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Lipid Panel

Abstract Introduction: Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) is a serine protease that regulates cholesterol metabolism through low-density lipoprotein receptor degradation and that has been linked to cardiovascular risk. The purpose of the present study was to examine whether PCSK9 levels are related to both abnormalities in the lipid profile and the development of severe atherosclerosis that often occurs in patients with axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA). Methods: Cross-sectional study that encompassed 545 individuals; 299 patients with axSpA and 246 statin use-matched controls. PCSK9, lipoproteins serum concentrations and standard lipid profiles were analyzed in patients and controls. Carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) and carotid plaques were assessed in patients. A multivariable analysis, adjusted for standard cardiovascular risk factors, was performed to evaluate the influence of PCSK9 on axSpA related dyslipidemia and subclinical carotid atherosclerosis.Results: Most lipid panel parameters (total cholesterol, HDL- and LDL-cholesterol, lipoprotein (a) and apoliprotein A1) were significantly lower in axSpA patients than controls. PCSK9 serum levels (beta coef. -44 [95%CI -60- -27] ng/dl, p=0.000) were also downregulated in axSpA patients after fully multivariate adjustment, including other lipid profile-related molecules modifications that the disease generates. Unadjusted higher levels of PCSK9 were associated with carotid plaque in axSpA patients (beta coef. 27 [95%CI 9-45], p=0.003). ASDAS-CRP was found to be independently and significantly related to PCSK9 (beta coef. 10 [95%CI 1-18] ng/dl, p=0.023) after analyzing fully adjusted models that took age, sex, and the rest of lipid profile molecules into account. Whereas patients taking prednisone showed higher serum levels of PCSK9 (55 [95%CI 24-8]) ng/ml, p=0.001), those under anti-TNF alpha therapies exhibited lower levels (beta coef. -26 [95%CI -43- -9], p=0.003).Conclusion: PCSK9 is downregulated in patients with axSpA. Disease activity is positive and significantly related to PSCK9. Anti-TNF-therapy yields reduction in PCSK9 serum levels.

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SAT0390 PROPROTEIN CONVERTASE SUBTILISIN/KEXIN TYPE 9 IN THE INFLAMMATION-RELATED DYSLIPIDEMIA OF PATIENTS WITH SPONDYLOARTHRITIS

Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases ◽

10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-eular.2667 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 79 (Suppl 1) ◽

pp. 1144.1-1144

Author(s):

J. C. Quevedo-Abeledo ◽

L. De Armas-Rillo ◽

V. Hernández-Hernández ◽

D. F. Esmeralda ◽

A. De Vera-González ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Disease Activity ◽

Lipid Profile ◽

Total Cholesterol ◽

Carotid Plaque ◽

Multivariable Analysis ◽

Serum Levels ◽

Proprotein Convertase ◽

Lipoprotein A ◽

Related Data

Background:Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) is a serine protease that regulates cholesterol metabolism through low-density lipoprotein receptor degradation and that has been linked with cardiovascular (CV) risk. Patients with spondyloarthritis (SpA) are prone to an increased and premature prevalence of atherosclerosis that has been linked to an atherogenic lipid profile among these individuals.Objectives:The purpose of the present study was to examine whether PCSK9 levels are related to both abnormalities in the lipid profile and the severe atherosclerosis that occur in patients with SpA.Methods:Cross-sectional study that encompassed 545 individuals; 299 patients with SpA and 246 statins intake-matched controls. PCSK9 and lipoproteins serum concentrations, standard lipid profile and carotid intima-media thickness and carotid plaques were assessed in patients and controls. A multivariable analysis, adjusted for standard CV risk factors, was performed to evaluate the influence of PCSK9 on SpA related dyslipidemia, disease related data, and subclinical carotid atherosclerosis.Results:Lipid profiles showed that most lipid panel parameters (total cholesterol, HDL- and LDL-cholesterol, lipoprotein A and apoliprotein A1) were lower in SpA patients compared to controls. Contrary, Apo B:Apo A1 and LDL:HDL cholesterol ratios were higher in SpA. The mean PCSK9 serum levels were significantly lower in SpA patients compared to controls (249 ± 105 vs. 199 ± 74, ng/ml, p=0.000) in the univariate analysis. An additional multivariable analysis adjusting for demographics and CV risk factors plus all the lipid-related molecules (that were found to be different between patients and controls) disclosed that PCSK9 (beta coef. -44 [95%CI -60- -27] % mg/dl, p=0.000) conserved its downregulation in SpA patients.Traditional CV risk factors were not related to PCSK9 in controls and patients. Concerning lipid profile, some correlations were found between lipid-related molecules and PCSK9. In this sense, triglycerides were positively associated with PCSK9 in both patients and controls; total cholesterol and apolipoprotein A1 serum levels were associated with PCSK9 in patients but not in controls and; Lipoprotein (a) was related to PCSK9 only in controls (Table 1).Regarding disease-related data, disease duration (log beta coef. 10 [0-20], p=0.043), and ASDAS-CRP (12 [95%CI 4-20], p=0.004) and BASFI (log beta coef. 12 [95%CI 0-25], p=0.049) scores,were positively related to PCSK9. Moreover, patients in the very high disease activity ASDAS-CRP category disclosed higher serum levels of PCSK9 compared to those in the remission category (32 [95%CI 2-63], p=0.038). Remarkably, while patients on current prednisone showed higher serum levels of PCSK9 (55 [95%CI 24-8]) ng/ml, p=0.001), patients under anti-TNF alpha therapies exhibited inferior levels (beta coef. -26 [95%CI -43- -9], p=0.003). PCSK9 in SPA patients with carotid plaque was higher compared to patients without plaque, however, this difference was lost after multivariable analysis.Conclusion:PCSK9 is downregulated in SpA patients independently of other inflammation-related lipid profile modifications that occur in the disease. Disease activity is positively associated with PCSK9 serum levels. PCSK9 is univariately related to the presence of carotid plaque.Disclosure of Interests:Juan Carlos Quevedo-Abeledo Speakers bureau: Abbvie, Laura de Armas-Rillo: None declared, Vanessa Hernández-Hernández Speakers bureau: Pfizer, Abbvie, MSD, delgado frias esmeralda Speakers bureau: Pfizer, Abbvie, MSD, Antonia de Vera-González: None declared, Alejandra Delgado-González: None declared, Jose Antonio García-Dopico: None declared, Iván Ferraz-Amaro Grant/research support from: Pfizer, Abbvie, Speakers bureau: Pfizer, Abbvie, MSD.

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Lipid Profile Abnormalities in Bangladeshi Type 2 Diabetic Patients Attending a Tertiary Care Hospital: A Cross-Sectional Study

Bangladesh Critical Care Journal ◽

10.3329/bccj.v7i1.40767 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 44-47

Author(s):

Afsana Begum ◽

SM Rezaul Irfan

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Lipid Profile ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Serum Levels ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Care Hospital ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional

Diabetes Mellitus is one of the leading non-communicable diseases all over the world including Bangladesh. Diabetes is characterized by chronic hyperglycemia and disturbances of carbohydrate, lipid and protein metabolism. Impaired lipid profile is commonly present in type 2 diabetes. We aimed to research serum lipid profile abnormalities hypothesizing that early detection and treatment of lipid abnormalitiescan minimize the risk for atherogenic cardiovascular disorder and cerebrovascular accident in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. This observational cross sectional study was carried out in the department of Biochemistry, Bangladesh Institute of Research & Rehabilitation in Diabetes, Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders (BIRDEM).A total 105patients with T2DM of age within the range of 30-45 years were selected& their Fasting blood glucose (FBG), total cholesterol (TC), high density lipoprotein (HDL), low density lipoprotein (LDL), triglyceride (TG) and glycatedhaemoglobin (HbA1c) levels were evaluated. Significantly higher mean serum levels of TC, TG and LDL and significantly lower mean serum levels of HDL were noted in patients with diabetes . Significant correlations were observed between HbA1c value and serum levels of TC, TG and HDL (p<0.05) but no correlation of HbA1c value withlow density lipoprotein in diabetes patient.The study showed widespread lipid abnormalities in the course of diabetes triggered dyslipidemia as hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia, elevated LDL and decreased HDL. Bangladesh Crit Care J March 2019; 7(1): 44-47

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Serum Levels of Lipids, Calcium and Magnesium in Women with Hypothyroidism and Cardiovascular Diseases

Journal of Laboratory Physicians ◽

10.4103/0974-2727.59698 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 1 (02) ◽

pp. 049-052 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Hussein Kadhem Al-Hakeim

Keyword(s):

Cardiovascular Diseases ◽

Lipid Profile ◽

Low Density Lipoprotein ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Serum Levels ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽

Control Group ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Hypothyroid Patients

ABSTRACTLipid abnormalities in hypothyroidism contribute to the disproportionate increase in cardiovascular risk. A possible relationship between serum level of magnesium (Mg) and calcium (Ca) and cardiovascular disease was recorded. In this work, the possible correlation between lipid profile components and serum cations Ca and Mg was investigated. Matched healthy women were evaluated in a cross-sectional study. All parameters were measured spectrophotometrically. The results showed a significant decrease (P < 0.05) in high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), total and ionized Mg in hypothyroid patients in comparing with control group. There was a significant increase (P <0.05) in serum total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) and (LDL-C)/(HDL-C) ratio in hypothyroid patients as compared with control group. However, no correlation was found between the cation levels and lipid profile of the studied groups. It can be concluded that patients with hypothyroidism exhibited elevated atherogenic parameters (TC and LDL-C) and high risk of cardiovascular diseases.

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AB0983 LIPID METABOLISM AND DISEASE ACTIVITY IN JSLE PATIENTS

Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases ◽

10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-eular.4584 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 79 (Suppl 1) ◽

pp. 1785.1-1785

Author(s):

S. Ganhão ◽

A. Mendes ◽

F. Aguiar ◽

M. Rodrigues ◽

I. Brito

Keyword(s):

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus ◽

Lipid Metabolism ◽

Disease Activity ◽

Lipid Profile ◽

Lupus Erythematosus ◽

Systemic Disease ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Systemic Lupus ◽

Parametric Test ◽

Bivariate Correlation

Background:Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune systemic disease associated with premature atherosclerosis. Risk factors include dyslipoproteinemia, inflammation, oxidized low-density lipoprotein (LDL), hyperhomocysteinemia and antiphospholipid antibodies. Hyperlipidemic condition is being reported to promote the production of proinflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-27 and lowering blood lipid levels improves the disease. Oxidative stress is elevated, mainly due to mitochondrial dysfunction, further disrupting lipid metabolism. Some drugs also have an impact on lipid profile, such as chronic steroid use, which worsens LDL, HDL, and TG levels.Objectives:To assess the relationship between lipid profile and disease activity in juvenile SLE (jSLE) patients.Methods:Retrospective study of jSLE patients, fulfilling both 2012 and 2019 EULAR/ACR classification criteria for SLE. Juvenile-onset was defined as age at diagnosis <18 years. Demographics and clinical characteristics were collected. To evaluate the activity of jSLE, the Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index (SLEDAI) was used. Statistical analysis was performed with SPSS®. Spearman’s rank non-parametric test or Pearson’s parametric test were used to assess the bivariate correlation for inflammatory and metabolic variables. P value <0.05 was considered significant for all the statistical tests.Results:35 patients were included, with current median (min-max) age of 22 (16-35) years, mean (SD) age of diagnosis of 15.8 (2.4) years; 91.4%female. Median ESR was 19 (2-75) mm/h, CRP 1.65 (0.1-9.6) mg/L, albumin 41.6 (16.7-46.3) g/L, proteinuria 0.2 (0-3) g/dL, leukocyturia 0 (0-1362.7)/uL, erythrocyturia 0 (0-501.9)/uL and anti-double stranded DNA 89.3 (10-800) U/mL. Mean C3 was 102.1 (21.6), C4 17.1 (7.4) mg/dL and creatinine 0.63 (0.1) mg/dL. Median SLEDAI was 2 (0-12). All were ANA positive, 40 % positive for antinucleossome antibodies, 25.7% anti-ribossomal P protein antibody, 11.4% anti-Sm, 8.6% autoantibodies againstβ2-glycoproteinI, 8.6% anti-cardiolipin, 14.3% lupus anticoagulant, 37.1% anti-SSA and 8.6% anti-SSB. Articular manifestations were present in 48.6%, mucocutaneous in 77.1%, haematological in 45.7%, lupus nephritis in 42.9%, serositis in 8.6% and pulmonary interstitial disease in 2.9%. Mean (SD) total cholesterol values (TC) was 165.5 (44.7) mg/dL and LDL 94.5 (29.9) mg/dL. Median high-density lipoprotein was 52 (28-92) and triglycerides (TG) 81.5 (41-253) mg/dL. Median daily prednisolone dose was 5 (0-40) mg. 88.6% were treated with hydroxychloroquine, 31.4% with mychophenolate mophetil and 14.3% with azathioprine. TC was negatively correlated with serum albumin (p=0.043, rho=-378) and positively with SLEDAI (p=0.032; rho= 0.392), proteinuria (p=0.009; rho= 0.469) and leukocyturia (p=0.031; rho= 0.394). A positive correlation was found between LDL and proteinuria (p=0.043; rho= 0.385) and between TG and CRP (p=0.001; rho= 0.575). TG were also positively correlated with prednisolone daily dose (p=0.035; rho= 0.394). Mean LDL was higher in anti-Sm positive patients (p=0.022). No differences were found regarding anti-phospholipids antibodies. Nephritic lupus patients had worse lipid metabolism, but this did not reach statistical significance.Conclusion:In out cohort, increased expression of TC, LDL and TGs is associated with disease activity in SLE. As expected, higher doses of prednisolone also correlated with lipid metabolism.References:[1]Machado D et al. Lipid profile among girls with systemic lupus erythematosus. Rheumatol Int. 2017 Jan;37(1):43-48Disclosure of Interests:None declared

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Association of plant-based diets with lipid profile and anthropometric indices: a cross-sectional study

Nutrition & Food Science ◽

10.1108/nfs-06-2021-0181 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽

Author(s):

Mohadese Borazjani ◽

Mehran Nouri ◽

Kamesh Venkatakrishnane ◽

Maryam Najafi ◽

Shiva Faghih

Keyword(s):

High Density Lipoprotein ◽

Lipid Profile ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽

Healthy Plant ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Anthropometric Indices ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Content Type

Purpose Plant-based diets have been related to decreasing morbidity and mortality of many non-communicable diseases. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between plant-based diets and lipid profiles and anthropometric indices. Design/methodology/approach This cross-sectional study was performed on 236 men and women selected from Shiraz health-care centers. This study used a 168-item food frequency questionnaire to calculate plant-based diet index (PDI), healthy plant-based diet index (hPDI) and unhealthy plant-based diet index (uPDI). Total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglycerides were measured. Furthermore, body mass index, a body shape index and conicity index (CI) were calculated after measuring weight, height and waist circumference. Findings Higher score of PDI was significantly related to higher triglycerides level (OR = 2.16; 95% CI: 1.04, 4.48; P = 0.03). In the fully adjusted model, there was a significant association between ABSI and hPDI (OR = 4.88; 95% CI: 1.17, 20.24; P = 0.03). A significant inverse association was observed between uPDI and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) (OR = 0.45; 95% CI = 0.21, 0.98; P = 0.03). Also, this study found a decreasing, but insignificant trend in relation of ABSI (OR = 0.72; 95% CI = 0.22, 2.34) and CI (OR = 0.41; 95% CI = 0.06, 0.56) with PDI. Research limitations/implications Further studies are needed to explore the association of PDI with anthropometric indices and lipid profile and also to assess the potential causality of the observed associations. Plant-based diets according to their contents could affect triglycerides, HDL and anthropometric properties. Practical implications Hence, dietitians should consider the findings of this study such as the inverse effect of unhealthy plant-based diets on HDL and the relation between healthy plant-based diets and WC and abdominal obesity. Originality/value This study showed that adherence to a plant-based diet was related to higher triglycerides levels. Also, uPDI was inversely associated with HDL level. Furthermore, participants who adhered more to a healthy plant-based diet had higher abdominal adiposity.

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STUDY OF SERUM LIPID PROFILE IN BETA-THALASSEMIA MAJOR PATIENTS

International Journal of Medical and Biomedical Studies ◽

10.32553/ijmbs.v5i1.1695 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Lokesh Kumar Meena

Keyword(s):

Lipid Profile ◽

Total Cholesterol ◽

Serum Lipid ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Thalassemia Major ◽

Beta Thalassemia ◽

Age Group ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Beta Thalassemia Major ◽

Low Levels

Background: To study lipid profile in Beta-Thalassemia Major Patients. Methods: A cross-sectional was done on 50 diagnosed Cases of beta-thalassemia major in the age group of 1 year to 18 years receiving regular blood transfusions; not suffering from any ailment or any other disease leading to deranged lipid profile were included. Results: Lipid analyses of controls and thalassemic children. It is clear from the results that beta thalassemia major patients had significantly lower total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL) and low-density lipoprsotein cholesterol (LDL) compared with controls. Conclusion: Lipid profile in Beta thalassmia patients show significantly low levels of total cholesterol, LDLC and HDL-C. Keywords: Beta Thalassemia Major, Lipid Profile, Hypocholesterolemia.

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Correlation between vitamin D and lipid profile in multiple sclerosis patients

QJM ◽

10.1093/qjmed/hcab102.013 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 114 (Supplement_1) ◽

Author(s):

Azza AbdelNaser AbdelAziz ◽

Prof Dr. Rasha Mamdouh Saleh ◽

Mahmoud Saad Swelam ◽

Janet Masoud Ayad

Keyword(s):

Multiple Sclerosis ◽

Vitamin D ◽

Disease Activity ◽

Lipid Profile ◽

Serum Vitamin ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

P Value ◽

Serum Vitamin D ◽

The Mean ◽

Multiple Sclerosis Patients

Abstract Background Studies have suggested that vitamin D and lipid profile have been linked to the etiology of multiple sclerosis and have an impact on the activity and progression of the disease. Objectives The aim of the present study was to determine correlation between vitamin D level and lipid profile in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients and their effect on disease activity and progression for better management and control of risk factors. Patients and Methods It is a cross-sectional hospital based study carried on clinically definite 111 Relapsing Remitting MS (RRMS) patients according to McDonald criteria 2010 recruited from Multiple sclerosis unit at Ain Shams University Hospitals, both genders included and aged from 18 to 50 years old. All subjects were assessed regarding their basic demographic data, serum vitamin D level and lipid profile and correlated these data with their state of disease activity and degree of disability. Results The mean level of serum vitamin D was 18.93 ± 9.85 ng/mL. Serum vitamin D level was insufficient (< 30 ng/mL) in 81.08% of patients and sufficient (≥ 30 ng/mL) in 18.92% of patients. The mean level of total cholesterol (TC) was 204.9 ± 50.9 mg/dL, of tri-glycerides (TG) was 105.4 ± 44.6 mg/dL, of low density lipoprotein (LDL) was 122.2 ± 38.8 mg/dL and of high density lipoprotein (HDL) level was 56.2 ± 16.6 mg/dL. High relapse frequency was found to be significantly related to low serum vitamin D level with P-value 0.005. Near all lipid related variables were positively correlated to disease duration. TC and TG were positively related to EDSS while HDL was negatively related with it. Number of brain T2 lesions was significantly correlated with TC and TG levels with P-value 0.001 and 0.002 respectively. Fingolimod was found to be associated with dyslipidemia. We found that each 1 ng/mL increase in vitamin D was associated with decrease in TC of 1.48 mg/dL (95% CI: -2.42 to -0.54, P-value 0.002) and increase in HDL of 0.35 mg/dL (95% CI: 0.04 to -0.66, P-value 0.028). Conclusion Vitamin D deficiency is predominant among Egyptian MS patients. Patients with insufficient vitamin D were found to have higher annualized relapse rate (ARR). Patients with dyslipidemia found to have longer duration, more disability and higher brain T2 lesion load. Vitamin D was correlated positively with HDL and negatively with TC.

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