scholarly journals Neurobiological models of emotion regulation: a meta-analysis of neuroimaging studies of acceptance as an emotion regulation strategy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irene Messina ◽  
Alessandro Grecucci ◽  
Roberto Viviani
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Likelihood Estimation ◽  
Posterior Cingulate Cortex ◽  
Emotional States ◽  
Emotional Acceptance ◽  
Complementary Role ◽  
Emotion Regulation Strategy ◽  
High Level

Abstract Emotional acceptance is an important emotion regulation strategy promoted by most psychotherapy approaches. We adopted the Activation Likelihood Estimation technique to obtain a quantitative summary of previous fMRI (functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging) studies of acceptance and test different hypotheses on its mechanisms of action. The main meta-analysis included 13 experiments contrasting acceptance to control conditions, yielding a total of 422 subjects and 170 foci of brain activity. Additionally, subgroups of studies with different control conditions (react naturally or focus on emotions) were identified and analysed separately. Our results showed executive areas to be affected by acceptance only in the subgroup of studies in which acceptance was compared to natural reactions. In contrast, a cluster of decreased brain activity located in the posterior cingulate cortex (PCC)/precuneus was associated with acceptance regardless of the control condition. These findings suggest that high-level executive cortical processes are not a distinctive feature of acceptance, whereas functional deactivations in the PCC/precuneus constitute its specific neural substrate. The neuroimaging of emotional acceptance calls into question a key tenet of current neurobiological models of emotion regulation consisting in the necessary involvement of high-level executive processes to actively modify emotional states, suggesting a complementary role for limbic portions of the default system.

scholarly journals Human Chemosignals and Brain Activity: A Preliminary Meta-analysis of the Processing of Human Body Odors

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (9) ◽  
pp. 855-864
Author(s):  
Elisa Dal Bò ◽  
Claudio Gentili ◽  
Cinzia Cecchetto
Keyword(s):  
Brain Activity ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Inferior Frontal Gyrus ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Neural Correlates ◽  
Specific Information ◽  
Emotional States ◽  
Body Odor ◽  
The Right ◽  
Body Odors

Abstract Across phyla, chemosignals are a widely used form of social communication and increasing evidence suggests that chemosensory communication is present also in humans. Chemosignals can transfer, via body odors, socially relevant information, such as specific information about identity or emotional states. However, findings on neural correlates of processing of body odors are divergent. The aims of this meta-analysis were to assess the brain areas involved in the perception of body odors (both neutral and emotional) and the specific activation patterns for the perception of neutral body odor (NBO) and emotional body odor (EBO). We conducted an activation likelihood estimation (ALE) meta-analysis on 16 experiments (13 studies) examining brain activity during body odors processing. We found that the contrast EBO versus NBO resulted in significant convergence in the right middle frontal gyrus and the left cerebellum, whereas the pooled meta-analysis combining all the studies of human odors showed significant convergence in the right inferior frontal gyrus. No significant cluster was found for NBOs. However, our findings also highlight methodological heterogeneity across the existing literature. Further neuroimaging studies are needed to clarify and support the existing findings on neural correlates of processing of body odors.

scholarly journals Altered Spontaneous Brain Activity in Schizophrenia: A Meta-Analysis and a Large-Sample Study

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yongjie Xu ◽  
Chuanjun Zhuo ◽  
Wen Qin ◽  
Jiajia Zhu ◽  
Chunshui Yu
Keyword(s):  
Posterior Parietal Cortex ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Temporal Cortex ◽  
Likelihood Estimation ◽  
Occipital Cortex ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Similar Distribution ◽  
Large Sample ◽  
Spontaneous Brain Activity

Altered spontaneous brain activity as measured by ALFF, fALFF, and ReHo has been reported in schizophrenia, but no consensus has been reached on alternations of these indexes in the disorder. We aimed to clarify the regional alterations in ALFF, fALFF, and ReHo in schizophrenia using a meta-analysis and a large-sample validation. A meta-analysis of activation likelihood estimation was conducted based on the abnormal foci of ten studies. A large sample of 86 schizophrenia patients and 89 healthy controls was compared to verify the results of the meta-analysis. Meta-analysis demonstrated that the alternations in ALFF and ReHo had similar distribution in schizophrenia patients. The foci with decreased ALFF/fALFF and ReHo in schizophrenia were mainly located in the somatosensory cortex, posterior parietal cortex, and occipital cortex; however, foci with increased ALFF/fALFF and ReHo were mainly located in the bilateral striatum, medial temporal cortex, and medial prefrontal cortex. The large-sample study showed consistent findings with the meta-analysis. These findings may expound the pathophysiological hypothesis and guide future research.

scholarly journals Meta-analytic evidence for downregulation of the amygdala during working memory maintenance

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lycia D. de Voogd ◽  
Erno J. Hermans
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Cognitive Reappraisal ◽  
Memory Task ◽  
Likelihood Estimation ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Reciprocal Relationship ◽  
Amygdala Activity ◽  
Regulation Of Emotion

The amygdala is a region critically implicated in affective processes. Downregulation of the amygdala is therefore one of the hallmarks of successful emotion regulation. Downregulation is thought to be established through top-down control of the executive control network over the amygdala. Such a reciprocal relationship, however, is not exclusive to cognitive regulation of emotion. It has recently been noted that any cognitively demanding task may downregulate the amygdala, including a standard working memory task. Here, using a coordinate-based meta-analysis based on an activation likelihood estimation (ALE), we examined whether a standard working memory task (i.e., a 2-back task) downregulates the amygdala similarly to a cognitive reappraisal task. Following the PRISMA guidelines, we included a total of 66 studies using a 2-back working memory task and 65 studies using a cognitive reappraisal task. We found that a standard 2-back working memory task indeed systematically downregulates the amygdala, and that deactivated clusters strongly overlap with those observed during a cognitive reappraisal task. This finding has important consequences for the interpretation of the underlying mechanism of the effects of cognitive reappraisal on amygdala activity: downregulation of amygdala during cognitive reappraisal might be due to the cognitively demanding nature of the task and not per se by the act of the reappraisal itself. Moreover, it raises the possibility of applying working memory tasks in a clinical setting as an alternative emotion regulation strategy.

Trait Emotion Regulation Predicts Individual Differences in Momentary Emotion and Experience

2018 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 349-377
Author(s):  
Reed Maxwell ◽  
Steven Jay Lynn ◽  
Gregory P. Strauss
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Emotional Reactivity ◽  
Emotional States ◽  
Expressive Suppression ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Emotion Regulation Strategy ◽  
Regulation Strategies ◽  
Open Question

A sizable literature has yet to establish a reliable empirical connection between the trait conceptualization of emotion regulation as habitual, cross-situation emotion regulation tendencies and its state conceptualization as real-time, fluid, momentary emotion–situation interactivity and dependency. Thus, an open question remains: Do self-reported differences in tendencies to use one or another emotion regulation strategy predict self-reported, momentary emotional states and experiences, and are differences in these emotional states consistent with differences in emotional reactivity observed in previous studies among individuals in experimental paradigms asked to make real-time use of the emotion regulation strategies represented by these trait measures? If trait measures of emotion regulation validly reflect actual uses of particular strategies (e.g., expressive suppression and cognitive reappraisal), then these measures should predict individual differences in momentary emotions and experiences associated with habitual use of these strategies. Examining a sample of 177 participants, we found that differential endorsements of habitual strategy use on these measures were associated with individual differences in self-reported momentary emotion and experience that correspond to well-documented differences in reactivity reported among individuals instructed to apply these strategies in experimental settings. Limitations of these findings and suggestions for future directions are discussed.

scholarly journals Meta-analysis of resting-state fMRI in depression: generating spatial hypotheses for potential clinical applications

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benedikt Sundermann ◽  
Mona Olde lütke Beverborg ◽  
Bettina Pfleiderer
Keyword(s):  
Resting State ◽  
Spatial Information ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Likelihood Estimation ◽  
Resting State Fmri ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Diagnostic Classification Models ◽  
Spontaneous Brain Activity

Information derived from functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) during wakeful rest has been introduced as a candidate diagnostic biomarker in unipolar major depressive disorder (MDD). Multiple reports of resting state fMRI in MDD describe group effects. Such prior knowledge can be adopted to pre-select potentially discriminating features, for example for diagnostic classification models with the aim to improve diagnostic accuracy. Purpose of this analysis was to consolidate spatial information about alterations of spontaneous brain activity in MDD to serve such feature selection and as a secondary aim to improve understanding of disease mechanisms. 32 studies were included in final analyses. Coordinates extracted from the original reports were assigned to two categories based on directionality of findings. Meta-analyses were calculated using the non-additive activation likelihood estimation approach with coordinates organized by subject group to account for non-independent samples. Results were compared with established resting state networks (RSNs) and spatial representations of recently introduced temporally independent functional modes (TFMs) of spontaneous brain activity. Converging evidence revealed a distributed pattern of brain regions with increased or decreased spontaneous activity in MDD. The most distinct finding was hyperactivity/ hyperconnectivity presumably reflecting the interaction of cortical midline structures (posterior default mode network components associated with self-referential processing and the subgenual anterior cingulate cortex) with lateral frontal areas related to externally-directed cognition. One particular TFM seems to better comprehend the findings than classical RSNs. Alterations that can be captured by resting state fMRI show considerable overlap with those identifiable with other neuroimaging modalities though differing in some aspects.

scholarly journals Gray Matter Atrophy within the Default Mode Network of Fibromyalgia: A Meta-Analysis of Voxel-Based Morphometry Studies

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chemin Lin ◽  
Shwu-Hua Lee ◽  
Hsu-Huei Weng
Keyword(s):  
Gray Matter ◽  
Default Mode Network ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Likelihood Estimation ◽  
Posterior Cingulate Cortex ◽  
Systemic Review ◽  
Voxel Based Morphometry ◽  
Default Mode ◽  
Imaging Results

Over the years, studies have demonstrated morphological changes in the brain of fibromyalgia (FMS). We aimed to conduct a coordinate-based meta-analytic research through systemic review on voxel-based morphometry (VBM) imaging results to identify consistent gray matter (GM) difference between FMS patients and healthy subjects. We performed a comprehensive literature search in PubMed (January 2000–December 2015) and included six VBM publication on FMS. Stereotactic data were extracted from 180 patients of FMS and 123 healthy controls. By means of activation likelihood estimation (ALE) technique, regional GM reduction in left medial prefrontal cortex and right dorsal posterior cingulate cortex was identified. Both regions are within the default mode network. In conclusion, the gray matter deficit is related to the both affective and nonaffective components of pain processing. This result also provided the neuroanatomical correlates for emotional and cognitive symptoms in FMS.

scholarly journals Brain Abnormalities Associated with Self-Injurious Thoughts and Behaviors: A Meta-Analysis of Neuroimaging Studies

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xieyining Huang ◽  
Kelly Rootes-Murdy ◽  
Diana M. Bastidas ◽  
Derek E. Nee ◽  
Joseph C. Franklin
Keyword(s):  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Likelihood Estimation ◽  
Posterior Cingulate Cortex ◽  
Brain Abnormalities ◽  
Moderator Effects ◽  
Structural Abnormalities ◽  
Density Analysis ◽  
Self Harm ◽  
And Behaviors ◽  
Kernel Density Analysis

AbstractSelf-injurious thoughts and behaviors (SITBs) have long been believed to result in part from brain abnormalities. This meta-analysis aims to evaluate whether the extant literature justifies any definitive conclusions about whether and how SITBs may be associated with aberrant findings. Sixty studies published through June 1st, 2017 that compared individuals with and without SITBs were included, resulting in 734 coordinates. A pooled meta-analysis assessing for general risk for SITBs indicated a lack of convergence on structural abnormalities. Functional abnormalities in the precuneus/posterior cingulate cortex (PCC), temporal-parietal junction, and rostral-lateral prefrontal cortex were significant using multi-level kernel density analysis but nonsignificant using activation-likelihood estimation. Separate analyses for types of SITBs suggested that deliberate self-harm might be associated with abnormalities in the precuneus/PCC. Some moderator effects were detected. Overall, the meta-analytic evidence was not robust. More studies are needed to reach definitive conclusions about whether SITBs are associated with brain abnormalities.

scholarly journals Brain activity during facial processing in autism spectrum disorder: an activation likelihood estimation (ALE) meta-analysis of neuroimaging studies

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristiano Costa ◽  
Ioana Alina Cristea ◽  
Elisa Dal Bò ◽  
Caterina Melloni ◽  
Claudio Gentili
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Face Processing ◽  
Emotional Processing ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Likelihood Estimation ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Activation Likelihood Estimation ◽  
Primary Analysis

AbstractBackgroundThough aberrant face processing is a hallmark of autistic spectrum disorder (ASD), findings on accompanying brain activity are divergent. Therefore, we conducted an activation likelihood estimation (ALE) meta-analysis of studies examining brain activity during face processing.MethodsWe searched PubMed and PsycINFO using combinations of terms as ‘fMRI’, ‘Autism Spectrum Disorder’, ‘Face Perception’. Eligible studies reported on DSM-diagnosed ASD patients, compared to controls (HC), using face stimuli presented in fMRI and reporting whole-brain analysis coordinates. We compared two approaches: “convergence of differences” (primary analysis) using study-level coordinates from ASD vs. HC contrasts, and “differences in convergence” (secondary) pooling coordinates within each group separately, and contrasting the resultant ALE-maps.ResultsThirty-five studies (655 ASD and 668 HC) were included. Primary analysis identified a cluster in amygdala/parahippocampus where HC showed greater convergence of activation. Secondary analysis yielded no significant results.ConclusionsResults suggest that ASD dysfunction in face processing relies on structures involved in emotional processing rather than perception. We also demonstrate that the two ALE methodologies lead to divergent results.

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