scholarly journals The Cerebellum Links to Positive Symptoms of Psychosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana P Pinheiro ◽  
Joseph F Johnson ◽  
Maria Amorim ◽  
Magda Roberto ◽  
Michael Schwartze ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Cognitive Functions ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Sensory Feedback ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Positive Symptom ◽  
Positive Symptoms ◽  
Resting State Functional Connectivity ◽  
Crus I ◽  
Positive Symptoms Of Psychosis

Abstract Background Positive symptoms of psychosis may be the result of faulty coordination and automatization of motor and higher order cognitive functions, partly due to cerebellar dysfunction. Specifically, auditory verbal hallucinations (AVH) have been related to altered processing of sensory feedback to one’s own action. Such alterations highlight the role of dysfunctional cerebellar circuitry in psychosis. However, how exactly the cerebellum contributes to AVH remains unclear. Methods A systematic search of electronic databases identified a broad range of cerebellar neuroimaging studies in psychotic patients, reporting volume, structural connectivity, or resting-state functional connectivity data. A total of 22 studies were selected for review: 11 focused on the specific effects of AVH and 11 probed the effects of aggregated positive symptom scores. Meta-analysis was used to probe the consistency of cerebellar differences and their relationship with sociodemographic and clinical measures. An exploratory activation likelihood estimation (ALE) analysis tested the regional specificity of cerebellar differences in patients with such symptoms. Results Cerebellar differences were more consistently associated with AVH than with aggregated positive symptom measures, particularly when considering resting-state functional connectivity data. These differences were not moderated by age, sex, medication, or symptom severity. The ALE meta-analysis revealed a spatial convergence of these differences in lobules V–VI and crus I. Conclusions Cerebellar dysconnectivity might indicate a specific liability for AVH, particularly in sensorimotor (lobules V–VI) and cognitive (crus I) cerebellar zones. These abnormalities may contribute to altered sensory feedback processing and, consequently, affect higher level cognitive functions (eg, cognitive control) in AVH.

scholarly journals Resting-State Functional Connectivity and Cognitive Impairment in Children with Perinatal Stroke

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nigul Ilves ◽  
Pilvi Ilves ◽  
Rael Laugesaar ◽  
Julius Juurmaa ◽  
Mairi Männamaa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Cognitive Functions ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Outcome Measurement ◽  
Pediatric Stroke ◽  
Resting State Networks ◽  
Neurocognitive Deficits ◽  
Resting State Functional Connectivity ◽  
Perinatal Stroke ◽  
Brain Functions

Perinatal stroke is a leading cause of congenital hemiparesis and neurocognitive deficits in children. Dysfunctions in the large-scale resting-state functional networks may underlie cognitive and behavioral disability in these children. We studied resting-state functional connectivity in patients with perinatal stroke collected from the Estonian Pediatric Stroke Database. Neurodevelopment of children was assessed by the Pediatric Stroke Outcome Measurement and the Kaufman Assessment Battery. The study included 36 children (age range 7.6–17.9 years): 10 with periventricular venous infarction (PVI), 7 with arterial ischemic stroke (AIS), and 19 controls. There were no differences in severity of hemiparesis between the PVI and AIS groups. A significant increase in default mode network connectivity (FDR 0.1) and lower cognitive functions (p<0.05) were found in children with AIS compared to the controls and the PVI group. The children with PVI had no significant differences in the resting-state networks compared to the controls and their cognitive functions were normal. Our findings demonstrate impairment in cognitive functions and neural network profile in hemiparetic children with AIS compared to children with PVI and controls. Changes in the resting-state networks found in children with AIS could possibly serve as the underlying derangements of cognitive brain functions in these children.

scholarly journals Association of acute depressive symptoms and functional connectivity in emotional processing regions following sport-related concussion

Neurology ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 91 (23 Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. S15.1-S15
Author(s):  
Lezlie Espana ◽  
William McCuddy ◽  
Lindsay Nelson ◽  
Birn Rasmus ◽  
Andrew Mayer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Emotional Processing ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Partial Recovery ◽  
Resting State Functional Connectivity ◽  
Default Mode

Few studies have examined the physiologic correlates of depressive symptoms following sport-related concussion (SRC), despite the prevalence of these symptoms following brain injury. We hypothesized that concussed athletes would have disrupted resting-state functional connectivity in emotional processing regions compared to controls, and that this disruption would be associated with greater post-concussion symptoms of depression. Forty-three concussed athletes at approximately 1 day (N = 34), 1 week (N = 34), and 1 month (N = 30) post-concussion were evaluated along with 51 healthy athletes assessed at a single visit. Resting-state fMRI was collected on a 3T GE scanner (TR = 2s); depressive symptoms were assessed using the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAM-D). Emotional processing regions of interest (ROI) were defined using an automated meta-analysis of brain regions associated with the term “emotion”. Fisher-Z transformed correlations were calculated between each ROI. A multivariate approach assessed connectivity by analyzing ROI as simultaneous response variables. Concussed athletes had significantly higher depressive symptoms relative to controls at all time points but showed partial recovery by 1-month post-concussion relative to earlier visits (p's< 0.05). Functional connectivity did not differ between controls and concussed athletes at 1 day or one-week post-concussion. However, concussed athletes had significantly different connectivity in regions associated with emotional processing at 1 month relative to 1 day post-concussion (p = 0.002), and relative to controls (p = 0.003). Follow-up analyses showed that increased connectivity between attention and default mode networks at 1-month post-concussion was common across both analyses. In addition, functional connectivity of emotional processing regions was significantly associated with depressive symptoms at 1 day (p = 0.003) and one-week post-concussion (p = 7 × 10-8), with greater HAM-D scores correlating with decreased connectivity between attention and default mode networks. These results suggest that intrinsic connectivity between default mode and attention regions following SRC may be compensatory in nature.

scholarly journals T163. STRUCTURAL AND CONNECTIVITY CHANGES IN THE CEREBELLUM CONTRIBUTE TO EXPERIENCING AUDITORY VERBAL HALLUCINATIONS

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S293-S293
Author(s):  
Ana Pinheiro ◽  
Sylvain Bouix ◽  
Nikos Makris ◽  
Michael Schwartze ◽  
Martha Shenton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Diffusion Tensor ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Structural Mri ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Forward Model ◽  
Resting State Functional Connectivity ◽  
Auditory Verbal Hallucinations ◽  
Crus I ◽  
The Right

Abstract Background Auditory verbal hallucinations (AVH) have been explained in the context of the forward model, giving the cerebellum a prominent role. However, research utilizing multiple neuroimaging modalities has rendered results on the specificity of cerebellar contribution to AVH unclear. Methods To examine the reliability and regional specificity of cerebellar changes in AVH, a systematic search of electronic databases through October 2019 was conducted to identify neuroimaging studies of the cerebellum in psychotic patients or nonclinical participants reporting AVH, focusing on structural MRI, diffusion tensor imaging, and resting state functional connectivity studies. Twenty-two studies were selected, including 892 participants with AVH (792 psychotic patients; 100 at-risk subjects) and 775 healthy controls. Activation likelihood estimate analysis (ALE) examined the reported coordinates for reduced volume, fractional anisotropy (FA) or connectivity (control participants &gt; participants with AVH) and increased volume, FA or connectivity (participants with AVH &gt; control participants). The consistency of cerebellar changes and their relationship with sociodemographic and clinical measures were meta-analyzed. Results The ALE meta-analysis revealed changes in both anterior and posterior cerebellar lobes, with opposite patterns: whereas decreased volume or connectivity was identified in the right anterior cerebellum (lobule IV/V), increased volume or connectivity was identified in the bilateral posterior cerebellum (Crus I and II). A random-effects model with small sample corrections identified consistent changes in both volume and functional connectivity of the cerebellum in participants with AVH (g = .84; SE = .24, 95% CI [.33, 1.34]), which were enhanced in Crus I (g = 1.52, SE = .28, p = .006, 95% CI [.73, 2.31]) but not moderated by age, sex, medication, or illness duration. Discussion The ALE meta-analysis confirms cerebellar structural and connectivity changes in psychotic and nonclinical participants reporting AVH. These changes may contribute to AVH due to altered sensory feedback and consequently to erratic prediction as described by the forward model. The current findings also indicate that not all cerebellar regions are equally affected by AVH: the most pronounced changes were observed in Crus I. Specifically, altered communication between Crus I and neocortical network nodes, including the prefrontal cortex, may contribute to ineffective cognitive control in AVH, leading to external misattributions of auditory feedback and a reduced sense of control over events in the environment.

scholarly journals Resting State Functional Connectivity of Brain With Electroconvulsive Therapy in Depression: Meta-Analysis to Understand Its Mechanisms

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Preeti Sinha ◽  
Himanshu Joshi ◽  
Dhruva Ithal
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Electroconvulsive Therapy ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Likelihood Estimation ◽  
Cingulate Cortex ◽  
Activation Likelihood Estimation ◽  
Resting State Functional Connectivity ◽  
The Right

Introduction: Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is a commonly used brain stimulation treatment for treatment-resistant or severe depression. This study was planned to find the effects of ECT on brain connectivity by conducting a systematic review and coordinate-based meta-analysis of the studies performing resting state fMRI (rsfMRI) in patients with depression receiving ECT.Methods: We systematically searched the databases published up to July 31, 2020, for studies in patients having depression that compared resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) before and after a course of pulse wave ECT. Meta-analysis was performed using the activation likelihood estimation method after extracting details about coordinates, voxel size, and method for correction of multiple comparisons corresponding to the significant clusters and the respective rsFC analysis measure with its method of extraction.Results: Among 41 articles selected for full-text review, 31 articles were included in the systematic review. Among them, 13 articles were included in the meta-analysis, and a total of 73 foci of 21 experiments were examined using activation likelihood estimation in 10 sets. Using the cluster-level interference method, one voxel-wise analysis with the measure of amplitude of low frequency fluctuations and one seed-voxel analysis with the right hippocampus showed a significant reduction (p &lt; 0.0001) in the left cingulate gyrus (dorsal anterior cingulate cortex) and a significant increase (p &lt; 0.0001) in the right hippocampus with the right parahippocampal gyrus, respectively. Another analysis with the studies implementing network-wise (posterior default mode network: dorsomedial prefrontal cortex) resting state functional connectivity showed a significant increase (p &lt; 0.001) in bilateral posterior cingulate cortex. There was considerable variability as well as a few key deficits in the preprocessing and analysis of the neuroimages and the reporting of results in the included studies. Due to lesser studies, we could not do further analysis to address the neuroimaging variability and subject-related differences.Conclusion: The brain regions noted in this meta-analysis are reasonably specific and distinguished, and they had significant changes in resting state functional connectivity after a course of ECT for depression. More studies with better neuroimaging standards should be conducted in the future to confirm these results in different subgroups of depression and with varied aspects of ECT.

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