Establishment and Growth of Slash Pine on Grazed Cutover Range in Central Louisiana

1985 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 232-236
Author(s):  
Harold E. Grelen ◽  
Henry A. Pearson ◽  
Ronald E. Thill
Keyword(s):  
Growing Season ◽  
Pinus Elliottii ◽  
Early Growth ◽  
Slash Pine ◽  
Heavy Grazing ◽  
Survival And Growth

Abstract Slash pine (Pinus elliottii) was established by both planting and seeding on cutover range units prescribe-burned and grazed yearlong. Paired fenced and unfenced plots were used to compare survival and growth on both heavily and lightly grazed range with ungrazed plots. On planted sites, survival was significantly lower on heavily grazed than on ungrazed sites by May of the first growing season. No significant differences in survival were found between lightly grazed and ungrazed sites. In seeded stands, survival was not significantly different between grazed and ungrazed sites. Trees were thinned at an average age of 18 years Prethinning measurements indicated that plantations subjected to heavy grazing throughout their existence had fewer trees per acre, but had larger dbh than the ungrazed. Consequently, differences in volume were not significant, showing regulated yearlong grazing to be compatible with the establishment and early growth of slash pine.

Determining the "optimum" slash pine seedling size for use with four levels of vegetation management on a flatwoods site in Georgia, U.S.A.

1999 ◽  
Vol 29 (7) ◽  
pp. 1039-1046 ◽  
Author(s):  
David B South ◽  
Robert J Mitchell
Keyword(s):  
Coastal Plain ◽  
Large Diameter ◽  
Pinus Elliottii ◽  
Slash Pine ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
Seedling Size ◽  
Collar Diameter ◽  
Survival And Growth ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
Root Collar

A slash pine (Pinus elliottii Engelm. var elliottii) study was established to determine the "optimum" seedling size for use on a flatwoods site in the Coastal Plain physiographic province of Georgia, U.S.A. The optimum seedling is defined as the ideotype that will minimize overall reforestation costs while achieving established goals for initial survival and growth. Initial survival and fourth-year performance were examined in relation to (i) method of site preparation, (ii) herbicide application, and (iii) seedling class (based on root-collar diameter) and to associated establishment costs. Seedling class greatly influenced survival with large-diameter classes (8.5-11.5 mm) exhibiting the best survival (87-99%). Seedlings with 4.5-mm diameters averaged 75% survival. A second bedding pass (double bedding) reduced grasses and woody shrubs, and the herbicide imazapyr reduced grasses and herbaceous broadleaf weeds. Neither treatment improved pine survival. Use of 9.5 to 11.5-mm seedlings (without double bedding) produced larger trees 4 years after planting than 4.5-mm seedlings with double bedding. A simple cost analysis indicated the optimum seedling would be considerably larger (9.5-11.5 mm) in diameter than the "target" seedling (4.5 mm) typically produced at slash pine nurseries. For each dollar invested in establishment, planting the optimum pine seedling on this site resulted in greater gains in early survival and growth than either double bedding or use of imazapyr.

Comparisons of phenology and growth of Michigan and western North American sources of Populus tremuloides

1984 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 789-793 ◽  
Author(s):  
John C. Brissette ◽  
Burton V. Barnes
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Populus Tremuloides ◽  
North American ◽  
Poor Performance ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Early Growth ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Survival And Growth

Populustremuloides Michaux progeny from 13 local clones and 12 clones from five locations in Alaska, Alberta, and Utah were grown in southeastern Michigan to compare phenology and early growth. The progeny of western clones broke bud as much as 2 weeks before, and stopped growth up to 2 months earlier than local clones. After 2 years the western progeny averaged only 26–38% the height of the Michigan progeny. Survival and growth of ramets from 49 clones collected from British Columbia to Colorado and planted in southeastern Michigan were studied after 7 years. Only 30% of the 116 ramets and 39% of the clones survived. The poor performance of western clones in both experiments is probably due to their adaptation to longer photoperiods and (or) lower growing season minimum temperatures than occur in southeastern Michigan.

scholarly journals An Assessment of First and Second Rotations Average Dominant/Codominant Height Growth for Slash Pine Plantations in South Georgia and North Florida

2002 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 61-71
Author(s):  
Charles E. Rose ◽  
Barry D. Shiver
Keyword(s):  
Soil Type ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Pinus Elliottii ◽  
Slash Pine ◽  
South Georgia ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
The North ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Planting Method ◽  
Source Site

Abstract A slash pine (Pinus elliottii Engelm.) successive rotation plantation study was established in 1978–1979 for the north Florida and south Georgia flatwoods. The second rotation duplicated the first rotation seed source, site preparation, planting method and density. The comparison between the two rotations is based on the mean dominant/codominant height differential across a range of soil types and ages. There is a significant rotation 1 minus rotation 2 mean dominant/codominant height difference across the sites for all ages. Rotation 1 is 1.9 and 5.4 ft higher for mean dominant/codominant height at ages 2 and 20. The height differential is generally more significant for the spodosol soil type than the nonspodosol soil type. Rotation 1 generally experienced more favorable precipitation, for both the amount and timing of the precipitation within a year, than rotation 2. Rotation 2 experienced drought events and high growing season average temperatures during the first two growing seasons, while rotation 1 was near normal for this period. The evidence suggests that a main contributor to the decrease in mean dominant/codominant height across the spectrum of plots and age classes is the generally less favorable climatic growing season conditions experienced by rotation 2 relative to rotation 1. South. J. Appl. For. 26(2):61–71.

scholarly journals Early Growth Responses of Slash and Loblolly Pine Following Fertilization and Herbaceous Weed Control Treatments at Establishment

2000 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric J. Jokela ◽  
Duncan S. Wilson ◽  
James E. Allen
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Pinus Elliottii ◽  
Early Growth ◽  
Slash Pine ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Cooperative Research ◽  
Treatment Responses ◽  
Herbaceous Weed Control

Abstract Data from 21 regional experiments, established using a common study design, were analyzed to examine 5 and 8 yr growth responses and interactions between fertilizer and herbaceous competition control treatments applied to newly established plantations of slash (Pinus elliottii Engelm. var. elliottii) and loblolly pine (P. taeda L.) in the southeastern lower Coastal Plain. Eleven experiments were with slash pine and the remaining 10 with loblolly pine. The study sites were predominantly found on CRIFF (Cooperative Research in Forest Fertilization, Univ. of Florida)A, B, C, D, and E group soils. The four treatments examined were (1) Control, no treatment; (2) Fertilizer (Fert) only, 250 lb/ac diammonium phosphate; (3) Herbaceous weed control (Herb) only, 1 quart/ac Velpar® (hexazinone) + 4 oz/ac Oust® (sulfometuron methyl); and (4) Fertilizer + Herbaceous weed control. Fifth-year survival rates for slash pine averaged 91% among all sites and were not significantly affected by silvicultural treatments or CRIFF soil groups. Loblolly pine survival rates were similarly unaffected by the Fert and Herb treatments; however, loblolly pine survival was lowest on CRIFF C group soils and most likely attributable to establishment practices rather than soil differences. The percentages of loblolly pine sites exhibiting significant volume responses at age 5 yr were 60% for Fert only, 40% for Herb only, and 100% for the Fert + Herb treatment; corresponding treatment responses for slash pine were 36%, 45%, and 64%, respectively. In the majority of tests (76%, both species), the Fert and Herb treatments were additive in nature, suggesting that each treatment was independent relative to its effects on volume growth. After 8 yr, loblolly pine volume responses for the Fert + Herb treatment over the control averaged 100% on CRIFF A group soils (1430 ft3/ac vs. 713 ft3/ac) and 52% on CRIFF C and D group soils (688 ft3/ac vs. 452 ft3/ac); corresponding treatment responses for slash pine on similar soils averaged 29% (645 ft3/ac vs. 499 ft3/ac) and 10% (805 ft3/ac vs. 733 ft3/ac), respectively. The early growth responses due to treatment declined between ages 5 and 8 yr, especially for the Herb only treatment with loblolly pine. Results from these studies suggest that growth responses were generally commensurate with management intensity, except for slash pine on sites with good inherent growth potential. Additional silvicultural inputs, in the form of midrotation fertilizer applications, would be necessary to sustain the early growth benefits afforded by the time of planting fertilizer and herbaceous weed control treatments, especially with loblolly pine on comparable sites. South. J. Appl. For. 24(1):23-30.

Windrowing Affects Early Growth of Slash Pine

1986 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 81-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benee F. Swindel ◽  
Louis F. Conde ◽  
Joel E. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Basal Area ◽  
Pinus Elliottii ◽  
Early Growth ◽  
Slash Pine ◽  
Competing Vegetation ◽  
Soil Nutrition ◽  
Experimental Watersheds ◽  
Area And Volume

Abstract On the Bradford Experimental Watersheds, Morris et al. (1983) previously demonstrated that, contrary to appearances, windrows were composed primarily (>85%) of soil rather than wood, and they contained large amounts of nutrients (e.g., about 333 lb nitrogen/ac of plantation). The present study addressed the question: do planted pines respond to such nutrient translocations? At five years of age planted slash pine (Pinus elliottii) on beds nearest windrows had 9%, 33%, and 45% more height, basal area, and volume, respectively, than trees three beds away. These are probably conservative estimates of differences due to better soil nutrition near windrows̶because competing vegetation was much more abundant there. South J. Appl. For. 10:81-84, May 1986.

scholarly journals Avian Breeding Season Diversity and Community Composition in Camden White Gum and Slash Pine Plantations

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth J Messick ◽  
Christopher E Comer ◽  
Michael A Blazier ◽  
T Bently Wigley
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Species Richness ◽  
Community Composition ◽  
Pinus Elliottii ◽  
The United States ◽  
Slash Pine ◽  
Planted Forests ◽  
Eucalyptus Plantation ◽  
Short Rotation Woody Crops ◽  
Eucalyptus Plantations

Abstract In the southern United States, some landowners have established plantations of eucalyptus (Eucalyptus spp.) and are managing them on short rotations (<15 years) to provide wood for fiber and other potential uses. Establishment of short-rotation woody crops dominated by nonnative species has implications for resident fauna in the United States that are largely unknown. We compared avifauna abundance, diversity, and community composition in newly established Camden white gum (Eucalyptus benthamii) plantations with slash pine (Pinus elliottii) plantations of the same age and height (one to two and six to seven years old, respectively) in southwestern Louisiana, USA. Species richness, diversity, and community composition in newly established eucalyptus plantations and six- to seven-year-old pines were similar. More birds were observed, and bird detections varied less in eucalyptus plantations. Indigo buntings (Passerina cyanea) and other shrub-associated species were detected more often in eucalyptus stands. In contrast, species that inhabit herbaceous-dominated communities, such as eastern meadowlarks (Sturnella magna), or that were associated with a dense graminoid community (e.g., Bachman’s sparrow [Peucaea aestivalis]) were detected less often in eucalyptus. Overall, breeding bird communities in eucalyptus plantations one to two years postestablishment differed little from plantations dominated by slash pine. Study Implications Compared with slash pine (Pinus elliottii Englem) plantations of similar age and height (one to two years and six to seven years old, respectively) we found one- to two-year-old eucalyptus (Eucalyptus benthamii Maiden & Cambage) plantations supported similar avian species richness and diversity to six- to seven-year-old pine stands. Furthermore, we found these eucalyptus plantations (E13) supported an avian community that was intermediate to similar aged pine (S13) and pine of similar height (S08). However, avian communities will likely change as eucalyptus plantations age (Christian et al. 1997). Continued monitoring and assessment of community composition, richness, and abundance is important for determining the magnitude of this change. Future investigations focused on nest success, fecundity, postfledging monitoring, and survivorship compared with other types of planted forests and native cover types would help us better understand eucalyptus plantation effects on avifauna demographics (Van Horne 1983, Martin 1998, Jones 2001, Wood et al. 2004, Sage et al. 2006, Riffell et al. 2011).

Karyotype of Slash Pine (Pinus elliottii var. elliottii) Using Patterns of Fluorescence in situ Hybridization and Fluorochrome Banding

1995 ◽  
Vol 86 (4) ◽  
pp. 289-296 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. L. Doudrick ◽  
J. S. Heslop-Harrison ◽  
C. D. Nelson ◽  
T. Schmidt ◽  
W. L. Nance ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Pinus Elliottii ◽  
Slash Pine ◽  
Fluorochrome Banding

Breeding for improved growth and juvenile corewood stiffness in slash pine

2007 ◽  
Vol 37 (10) ◽  
pp. 1886-1893 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaobo Li ◽  
Dudley A. Huber ◽  
Gregory L. Powell ◽  
Timothy L. White ◽  
Gary F. Peter
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Correlation ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Volume Growth ◽  
Pinus Elliottii ◽  
Tree Improvement ◽  
Slash Pine ◽  
Narrow Sense Heritability ◽  
Improvement Programs

The importance of integrating measures of juvenile corewood mechanical properties, modulus of elasticity in particular, with growth and disease resistance in tree improvement programs has increased. We investigated the utility of in-tree velocity stiffness measurements to estimate the genetic control of corewood stiffness and to select for trees with superior growth and stiffness in a progeny trial of 139 families of slash pine, Pinus elliottii Engelm. grown on six sites. Narrow-sense heritability estimates across all six sites for in-tree acoustic velocity stiffness at 8 years (0.42) were higher than observed for height (0.36) and diameter at breast height (DBH) (0.28) at 5 years. The overall type B genetic correlation across sites for velocity stiffness was 0.68, comparable to those found for DBH and volume growth, indicating that family rankings were moderately repeatable across all sites for these traits. No significant genetic correlations were observed between velocity stiffness, DBH, and volume growth. In contrast, a significant, but small, favorable genetic correlation was found between height and velocity stiffness. Twenty percent of the families had positive breeding values for both velocity stiffness and growth. The low cost, high heritability and nearly independent segregation of the genes involved with in-tree velocity stiffness and growth traits indicate that acoustic methods can be integrated into tree improvement programs to breed for improved corewood stiffness along with growth in slash pine.

Variation among slash pine families in chlorophyll fluorescence traits

2003 ◽  
Vol 33 (6) ◽  
pp. 1102-1109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anita C Koehn ◽  
James H Roberds ◽  
Robert L Doudrick
Keyword(s):  
Photosystem Ii ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Pinus Elliottii ◽  
Nonphotochemical Quenching ◽  
Slash Pine ◽  
Photochemical Quenching ◽  
Full Sibling ◽  
Pretreatment Effects ◽  
Pattern Of Variation ◽  
Variance Profile

Photochemical quenching, nonphotochemical quenching, and yield of photosystem II were measured on seedlings of full-sibling, open-, and self-pollinated slash pine (Pinus elliottii Engelm. var. elliottii) families. Our results reveal that genetic variation in photochemical quenching and yield of photosystem II exists within this species. The pattern of variation found in these traits is consistent with the variance profile expected to occur as a result of segregation among nuclear genes. Variation among families accounted for 17% of the total variation observed in photochemical quenching, whereas the component for trees within families made up slightly more than 25% of the total. Less variation, both among families as well as among trees within families, was found for yield of photosystem II. A strikingly different pattern was observed for nonphotochemical quenching. Other than the error term, only pretreatment effects contributed significantly to the variation observed. This suggests that nonphotochemical quenching is largely influenced by environmental factors. With regard to associations between fluorescence and growth traits, both height and diameter growth were found to be positively correlated with photochemical quenching (0.36 and 0.33, respectively) when selfed and open-pollinated families were analyzed along with control-pollinated families.

Early growth of lodgepole pine after establishment of alsike clover–Rhizobium nitrogen-fixing symbiosis

1992 ◽  
Vol 22 (8) ◽  
pp. 1089-1093 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Trowbridge ◽  
F.B. Holl
Keyword(s):  
Forest Floor ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Early Growth ◽  
Percent Cover ◽  
Foliar Nitrogen ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Pine Seedlings ◽  
Needle Mass

An overdense lodgepole pine (Pinuscontorta Dougl. ex Loud.) stand was knocked down and the site was prepared by broadcast burn, windrow burn, or mechanical forest floor removal. Inoculated alsike clover (Trifoliumhybridum L.) was seeded at 0, 10, 20, and 30 kg/ha for the three different site preparation treatments to determine the effects of (i) site preparation on infection and effectiveness of the clover–Rhizobium symbiosis and clover percent cover and (ii) the clover–Rhizobium N2-fixing symbiosis on survival, early growth, and foliar nitrogen concentration of lodgepole pine seedlings. The N2-fixing symbiosis established well in all treatments. Clover percent cover increased with increasing rate of seeding, although by relatively few percent in the clover seeded plots. Broadcast burning, windrow burning, and mechanical forest floor removal did not affect the establishment of the N2-fixing symbiosis or clover percent cover. Lodgepole pine survival was not affected by the seeding treatments in any year, nor were height measurements during the first three growing seasons. Seedling height was slightly less in clover-seeded plots compared with controls in the fourth growing season. Lodgepole pine seedlings on clover-seeded plots had decreased diameter growth compared with controls during the first three growing seasons, but incremental diameter growth no longer showed this effect by the fourth growing season. Needle mass (g/100 needles) was less in clover-seeded plots at the end of the second growing season, but this effect was reversed by the fourth growing season, when both needle mass and foliar nitrogen concentration in lodgepole pine foliage were greater in clover-seeded plots.

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