Planted Longleaf Pine Seedlings Respond to Herbaceous Weed Control Using Herbicides

1985 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 236-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
Larry R. Nelson ◽  
Bruce R. Zutter ◽  
Dean H. Gjerstad
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Longleaf Pine ◽  
Pinus Palustris ◽  
Brown Spot ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Pine Seedlings ◽  
Grass Stage ◽  
Herbaceous Weed Control ◽  
One Year ◽  
Positive Effect

Abstract Height initiation, and height and diameter growth of longleaf pine (Pinus palustris) seedlings were compared on plots receiving herbaceous weed control treatments and on unweeded check plots during the first 4 years after planting. Treatments initiated during the spring following planting included: broadcast weed control for 1 and 2 years, banded weed control in 5-foot bands for 1 and 2 years, and no weed control (check). Weed control had a positive effect on fourth-year height, groundline diameter, and the percentage of seedlings out of the grass stage, while survival was unaffected. The duration of weed control (2 years vs 1 year) had a similar effect on the same response variables, while the method of weed control (broadcast vs. band) had no effect. Trees on plots receiving 2 years of weed control were approximately 3 feet taller and 0.5 inch greater in groundline diameter than trees receiving no weed control. One year of weed control resulted in trees approximately 2 feet taller and 0.3 inch greater in groundline diameter than with no weed control. Weed control treatments shortened the time seedlings were in the grass stage by approximately 1 year, decreasing the time period during which a serious brown-spot needle blight infection could develop.¹

Pensacola Bahiagrass Can Be Used to Improve the Forage Resource when Regenerating Southern Pines

1985 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 254-259 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clifford E. Lewis ◽  
Warren G. Manson ◽  
Richard J. Bonyata
Keyword(s):  
Longleaf Pine ◽  
Pinus Palustris ◽  
Site Preparation ◽  
Paspalum Notatum ◽  
First Year ◽  
Forage Plants ◽  
Southern Pines ◽  
Pine Seedlings ◽  
Nutritional Qualities ◽  
Grass Stage

Abstract Many native forage plants in the South are low quality, poor producers, and unpalatable to cattle. Replacement of these plants with more desirable species would improve the forage resource. One approach is to seed grasses during site preparation when regenerating southern pines. Following site preparation by shearing and strip-disking, Pensacola bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum) was seeded at 15 pounds per acre in the spring and longleaf pine (Pinus palustris) was row-seeded on 12-foot centers in December of the next year. The bahiagrass became established among the residual native plants and was heavily utilized by cattle grazing yearlong. A light application of fertilizer after 3 years tripled bahiagrass yields the first year and doubled it the next year compared to unfertilized plots. Fertilizer improved some nutritional qualities of bahiagrass but digestibility was lowered. Longleaf pine seedlings came out of the grass stage more rapidly and were 50% taller at age 9 with grazing than without it; and in spite of heavier mortality with grazing (36% vs. 21%), stocking was 967 trees per acre at age 11.

The Effects of Benomyl and Pisolithus Tinctorius Ectomycorrhizae on Survival and Growth of Longleaf Pine Seedlings

1981 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 189-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Albert G. Kais ◽  
Glenn A. Snow ◽  
Donald H. Marx
Keyword(s):  
Longleaf Pine ◽  
Pinus Palustris ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Pisolithus Tinctorius ◽  
Brown Spot ◽  
Spot Disease ◽  
Brown Spot Disease ◽  
Pine Seedlings ◽  
Collar Diameter ◽  
Survival And Growth

Abstract Benomyl applied to roots of longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.) seedlings at planting significantly reduced brown-spot disease and increased survival, root collar diameter, and early height growth on two sites in Mississippi. Seedlings with half or more of all ectomycorrhizae formed by Pisolithus tinctorius (Pers.) Coker and Couch in the nursery had significantly better survival and growth; Pisolithus ectomycorrhizae did not appreciably affect brown-spot disease. The benefits of benomyl and Pisolithus ectomycorrhizae were most obvious when combined. More than 75 percent of seedlings treated with benomyl and with more than half of all ectomycorrhizae formed by Pisolithus initiated height growth after 3 years. Forty-seven percent of seedlings with only Thelephora terrestris ectomycorrhizae and without benomyl exhibited height growth. The combined use of benomyl to control brown-spot disease and Pisolithus ectomycorrhizae to stimulate early height growth may overcome the major handicaps that have limited artificial regeneration of longleaf pine in the South.

May Burning Favors Survival and Early Height Growth of Longleaf Pine Seedlings

1983 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harold E. Grelen
Keyword(s):  
Seedling Survival ◽  
Longleaf Pine ◽  
Pinus Palustris ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
The Other ◽  
Seedling Height ◽  
Pine Seedlings ◽  
Survival And Growth ◽  
Grass Stage ◽  
Better Than

Abstract After seven annual May burns, grass-stage longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.) seedling survival averaged 71 percent, significantly higher than survival on a biennial May burn, an annual or biennial March burn, or an unburned control. Seedling height growth on the annual May burn was no better than that on the biennial May burn, but both May burns significantly exceeded the other treatments in height growth. The annual May burn also provided greatest survival and growth for longleaf seedlings that had begun height growth before the study began.

Fall Fertilization Helps Longleaf Pine Nursery Stock

1980 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 132-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Eric Hinesley ◽  
T. E. Maki
Keyword(s):  
Longleaf Pine ◽  
Pinus Palustris ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Nursery Stock ◽  
Grass Stage ◽  
Rate Of Emergence ◽  
One Year ◽  
Nutrient Reserves ◽  
Stock Recovery

Abstract Fall fertilization resulted in substantial overwinter dry weight gains and increases in nutrient content and concentrations in one-year-old longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.) nursery stock. Recovery of applied nutrients in the seedling crop was greatest for N. In the field, height growth and the rate of emergence from the grass stage were improved as a result of fall fertilization in the nursery. This practice thus offers a means of increasing seedling size and nutrient reserves prior to out-planting on the relatively infertile sites where seedlings are normally established.

Long-Term Impact of Aerial Application of 2,4,5-T to Longleaf Pine (Pinus palustris)

Weed Science ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 255-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. L. Michael
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Longleaf Pine ◽  
Pinus Palustris ◽  
Aerial Application ◽  
Tree Diameter ◽  
Grass Stage ◽  
Long Term Impact ◽  
And Control

Twenty years after aerial application of 2.24 kg ae/ha of the butoxy ethanol ester of 2,4,5-T [(2,4,5-trichlorophenoxy)acetic acid] to release grass stage longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.) seedlings, stocking was the same for each of three treated and control 4-ha plots. Treated plots, however, had significantly greater tree diameter (10%), taller trees (17%), and more merchantable tree volume/ha (40%). Merchantable tree volume differences 20 yr after treatment represent an 8 yr growth advantage for treated plots.

scholarly journals Fire Survival of Longleaf Pine (Pinus palustris) Grass Stage Seedlings: The Role of Seedling Size, Root Collar Position, and Resprouting

Forests ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1070
Author(s):  
Songheng Jin ◽  
Brett Moule ◽  
Dapao Yu ◽  
G. Geoff Wang
Keyword(s):  
South Carolina ◽  
Fire Regime ◽  
Longleaf Pine ◽  
Mineral Soil ◽  
Pinus Palustris ◽  
Current Frequency ◽  
Seedling Size ◽  
Grass Stage ◽  
Root Collar

Longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.) forest is a well-known fire-dependent ecosystem. The historical dominance of longleaf pine in the southeast United States has been attributed to its adaptation known as the grass stage, which allows longleaf pine seedlings to survive under a frequent surface fire regime. However, factors affecting post-fire survival of grass stage seedlings are not well understood. In this study, we measured live and dead longleaf pine grass stage seedlings to quantify the role of seedling size, root collar position, and sprouting in seedling survival following a wildfire in the sandhills of South Carolina. We found that fire resulted in almost 50% mortality for longleaf pine grass stage seedlings. Fire survival rate increased with seedling size, but a size threshold for fire tolerance was not supported. Fire survival depended on the position of root collar relative to the mineral soil. Seedlings with protected root collars (i.e., buried in or at the level of mineral soil) experienced <21%, while seedlings with exposed root collars (i.e., elevated above mineral soil) suffered >90% post-fire mortality. Ability to resprout contributed to 45.6% of the total fire survival, with the small seedlings (root collar diameter (RCD) < 7.6 mm) almost exclusively depending on resprouting. Our findings had significant implications for fire management in longleaf pine ecosystems, and the current frequency of prescribed fire in sandhills might need to be lengthened to facilitate longleaf pine natural regeneration.

Gaps in a gappy forest: plant resources, longleaf pine regeneration, and understory response to tree removal in longleaf pine savannas

2001 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 765-778 ◽  
Author(s):  
John P McGuire ◽  
Robert J Mitchell ◽  
E Barry Moser ◽  
Stephen D Pecot ◽  
Dean H Gjerstad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seedling Survival ◽  
Longleaf Pine ◽  
Light Availability ◽  
Pinus Palustris ◽  
Understory Vegetation ◽  
Net N Mineralization ◽  
Plant Resources ◽  
Pine Seedlings ◽  
Pine Regeneration ◽  
Tree Removal

Resource availability and planted longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.) seedling and understory vegetation response within and among three sizes of experimentally created canopy gaps (0.11, 0.41, 1.63 ha) in a mature longleaf pine savanna were investigated for 2 years. Longleaf pine seedlings and understory vegetation showed increased growth in gaps created by tree removal. Longleaf pine seedling growth within gaps was maximized approximately 18 m from the uncut savanna. Increased longleaf pine seedling survival under the uncut savanna canopy observed after the first year suggests that the overstory may facilitate establishment of longleaf pine seedlings rather than reduce survival through competition. Despite the relative openness of the uncut longleaf pine forest, light quantity was increased by tree removal. Light was also the resource most strongly correlated with seedling and understory vegetation growth. Although net N mineralization was correlated to seedling response, the amount of variation explained was low relative to light. Belowground (root) gaps were not strong, in part because of non-pine understory roots increasing in biomass following tree removal. These results suggest that regeneration of longleaf pine may be maximized within gap sizes as small as approximately 0.10 ha, due largely to increases in light availability.

Using silvicultural practices to regulate competition, resource availability, and growing conditions for Pinus palustris seedlings underplanted in Pinus taeda forests

2016 ◽  
Vol 46 (7) ◽  
pp. 902-913 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin O. Knapp ◽  
G. Geoff Wang ◽  
Joan L. Walker ◽  
Huifeng Hu
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Taeda ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Resource Availability ◽  
Longleaf Pine ◽  
Pinus Palustris ◽  
Light Transmittance ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Plant Resources ◽  
Pine Seedlings ◽  
Growing Conditions

In the southeastern United States, many forest managers are interested in restoring longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.) to upland sites that currently support loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.). We quantified the effects of four canopy treatments (uncut Control; MedBA, harvest to 9 m2·ha−1; LowBA, harvest to 5 m2·ha−1; and Clearcut) and three cultural treatments (NT, no treatment; H, herbicide release of longleaf pine seedlings; and H+F, herbicide release plus fertilization) on resource availability and growing conditions in relation to longleaf pine seedling response for 3 years. Harvesting treatments reduced competition from canopy trees but resulted in greater abundance of understory vegetation. Harvesting shifted the interception of light from the canopy to the subcanopy vegetation layer; however, total light availability at the forest floor increased with the intensity of canopy removal. Soil moisture was not affected by harvesting or by the cultural treatments. Foliar nutrient concentrations (N, P, and K) of longleaf pine seedlings generally increased with the intensity of the harvest treatment. Of the plant resources measured, we found that light was most strongly correlated with longleaf pine seedling growth and that incorporating the interception of light by subcanopy vegetation improved the relationship over that of canopy light transmittance alone.

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