scholarly journals 0821 Gender Differences in Sailor Well-Being, Sleep-Related Behaviors, and Psychomotor Vigilance Performance in the United States Navy

SLEEP ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 43 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. A313-A313
Author(s):  
N L Shattuck ◽  
P Matsangas
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Sleep Quality ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Energy Drinks ◽  
The United States ◽  
Vigilance Performance ◽  
The Us ◽  
Us Navy ◽  
Exercise Routine ◽  
Psychomotor Vigilance

Abstract Introduction Approximately 18% of US Navy sailors are females. Research has shown gender-related differences in the prevalence of sleep disorders in active duty personnel (Foster et al., 2017). Specifically, insomnia, depression, and anxiety are more prevalent in females, while obstructive sleep apnea is more prevalent in males. We have studied the sleep patterns and fatigue levels of crew members on more than 30 US Navy ships. The current study focuses on gender differences in well-being, sleep-related behaviors, and psychomotor vigilance performance of sailors in the US Navy. Methods Using a longitudinal, naturalistic observation paradigm, data were collected from crewmembers on nine USN ships while performing their normal underway duties. Participants (N=1,056) tended to be young (on average 27 years of age), predominantly male (80.6%), and enlisted (84.8%). We assessed average daytime alertness (Epworth Sleepiness Scale), insomnia symptoms (Insomnia Severity Index), mood (Profile of Mood States), and sleep quality (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index). Sleep was assessed with actigraphy and logbooks. Sailors performed a 3-minute version of the Psychomotor Vigilance Task (PVT), which was built into their wrist-worn actigraph. Results Compared to males, female sailors reported more depressive symptoms (p=0.042) and less vigor (p<0.001). Females slept more (daily sleep duration: p<0.001) but their sleep was split into more episodes than their male counterparts (p=0.029). Fewer females reported a regular exercise routine (p=0.033). In addition, females report consuming fewer energy drinks (p=0.007), and using fewer nicotine products (p=0.013). Lastly, consistent with findings from civilian populations, female sailors had slower reaction times on the PVT (p<0.001) and experienced more lapses combined with false starts (p<0.001) than their male counterparts. Conclusion Compared to their male peers, female sailors tend to report higher levels of depression and lower levels of vigor. They experience more pronounced split sleep, are less likely to report having an exercise routine, and have poorer performance on the PVT. Fewer females report using energy drinks and nicotine products. Support This research was supported by the Naval Medical Research Center’s Advanced Medical Development Program, the US Navy 21st Century Sailor Office, and the US Navy OPNAV N1.

291 A Pilot Study of Light Management in the US Navy

SLEEP ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 44 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. A116-A117
Author(s):  
Nita Shattuck ◽  
Panagiotis Matsangas
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Sleep Quality ◽  
Development Program ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Operational Performance ◽  
Valuable Insight ◽  
Falling Asleep ◽  
The Us ◽  
Us Navy ◽  
Light Management

Abstract Introduction Exposure to light at appropriate times can improve alertness and mood; however, light can also interfere with sleep if exposure occurs before bedtime. Therefore, light management is important for sailor well-being and operational performance. One approach to administer light in field settings is to use personal wearable devices. This pilot study assessed the challenges in using the blue-light blocking goggles (BLBG) and light emitting goggles (LEG) for crewmembers of a US Navy ship while underway. Methods Longitudinal (~2 weeks) assessment of sailors (N=18) during deployment. Sailors completed a questionnaire asking whether they used the devices, reasons (if any) they may have had for not using the devices, what they liked/did not like about the devices, and whether wearing the devices made a difference in terms of fatigue, alertness, ability to fall asleep, and reported sleep quality. Results Sailors reported that the LEGs seemed to increase alertness (n=8) and helped wake up faster (n=5), but the devices were bulky/heavy (n=9), too bright (n=4), and made it difficult to see in dim light (n=2). The reported reasons for not using the devices include: the devices were heavy/uncomfortable (n=5), they caused eye strain (n=4), and the LEGs interfered with sailor ability to see while on watch (n=3). Also, wearing the LEGs made sailors feel less tired (71%) and more alert (59%). Sailors reported that the BLBGs kept them drowsy before bed (n=3) and reduced eye strain (n=5). Sailors complained, however, that BLBGs were bulky/inconvenient (n=3). When not wearing the BLBGs, it was because the devices were easy to forget (n=2), sailors had to work after their shift (n=2), and other reasons (n=3). Wearing the BLBGs during watch made falling asleep easier (47%) and improved sleep quality (47%). Conclusion This study provided valuable insight regarding the use of personal wearable light management devices in field settings. Even though not conclusive, our results are promising. We will continue assessing the utility of such devices with a goal of improving sailor well-being and operational performance. Support (if any) Supported by the Naval Medical Research Center’s Advanced Medical Development Program, the US Navy 21st Century Sailor Office, and the US Navy OPNAV N1.

The Effect of Habitual Exercise on Daytime Sleepiness and Mood of US Navy Sailors

2017 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 522-526
Author(s):  
Anna Sjörs Dahlman ◽  
Panagiotis Matsangas ◽  
Nita Lewis Shattuck
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Quality ◽  
Daytime Sleepiness ◽  
Mood State ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Aircraft Carrier ◽  
Vigilance Performance ◽  
Us Navy ◽  
Habitual Exercise ◽  
Psychomotor Vigilance ◽  
Working Out

As part of a broader study, this work investigates if habitual exercise protects against mood deterioration and daytime sleepiness in Sailors during underway operations. Previous work has shown that unfavorable watchstanding schedules have negative effects on sleep quality, subjective levels of fatigue, mood, and psychomotor vigilance performance. The participants were crewmembers of a U.S. Navy aircraft carrier (N=193), working on two different watchstanding schedules. Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) and profile of mood state (POMS) scores were compared between participants who reported exercising < 3 times/week and ≥3 times/week. During the course of the underway, ESS and POMS scores changed more favorably for the crewmembers who exercised 3 or more times/week compared to their peers who exercised less. The effect of working out was more prominent in the less favorable shift schedule. These results suggest that habitual exercise can be a protective buffer against some of the negative effects of watchstanding while underway.

scholarly journals 0776 Differences in Well-Being in Dayworkers Compared to Shift Workers: A Study of United States Navy Sailors

SLEEP ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 43 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. A295-A295
Author(s):  
N L Shattuck ◽  
P Matsangas
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
United States ◽  
United States Navy ◽  
Development Program ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Shift Workers ◽  
The Us ◽  
Us Navy ◽  
Exercise Routine

Abstract Introduction On United States Navy (USN) ships, most sailors are shift workers, required to support 24/7 operations. However, ~15% of the ship’s company are solely dayworkers who do not work in shifts. It is often assumed that the quality of life for dayworkers is better than that of shift workers. This study compared the well-being of dayworkers with that of shift workers. Methods Longitudinal, naturalistic observations were made of sailors (N=926; 18-59 years of age, ~80% males, ~84% enlisted personnel) on seven US Navy ships while performing their normal underway duties. Sleep-related attributes (actigraphy, Epworth Sleepiness Scale, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, Insomnia Severity Index), mood (Profile of Mood States), and work/rest patterns were assessed. Results Dayworkers (DW; n=98) were on average older (p=0.001) and more senior (p=0.001) than shift workers (SW). Of the dayworkers, 31% reported elevated daytime sleepiness (SW:45.5%; p=0.008), 64.2% were poor sleepers (SW:82.6%; p&lt;0.001), and 26.3% had ISI score≥15 (SW:24.8%; p=0.782). Also, 13.8% of the dayworkers had ESS&gt;10 and ISI≥15 (SW:16.8%; p=0.626).Dayworkers had better mood (Total Mood Disturbance, anger/hostility, vigor, fatigue; all p&lt;0.050), slept more (7.03±0.74hrs sleep/day; SW:6.52±1.03hrs; p&lt;0.001) and had more consolidated sleep (1.1±0.3 sleep episodes/day; SW:1.4±0.6; p&lt;0.001). Yet, split sleep was commonplace for both groups (DW:~62%; SW:~92%).The two groups do not differ (all p&gt;0.300) in their use of caffeinated beverages (82%-86%), use of nicotine products (30%-36%), or having a regular exercise routine (69%-75%). In both groups, ~9% of sailors drank caffeinated beverages, used nicotine products and did not have an exercise routine (p=0.999). Dayworkers worked 10.1 hours/day, i.e., 1.7 hours/day less than watchstanders (p&lt;0.001). Conclusion Quality of life of dayworkers is a bit better when compared to shift workers, but sleep-related issues are evident in almost all US Navy sailors. Living and working on a naval vessel takes a toll on almost everyone aboard. A culture change is required! Support Supported by the Naval Medical Research Center’s Advanced Medical Development Program, the US Navy 21st Century Sailor Office, and the US Navy OPNAV N1.

Couple Religiosity and Well-Being Among Older Adults in the United States

2021 ◽  
pp. 089826432110421
Author(s):  
Laura Upenieks ◽  
Jeremy E. Uecker ◽  
Markus H. Schafer
Keyword(s):  
Social Life ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The United States ◽  
Older Couples ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Ordered Logistic Regression ◽  
Individual Trait ◽  
The Us ◽  
Married Men

Objectives: This article evaluates whether couples’ religious similarity is consequential for the health of older married men and women. Alternatively, we examine whether women’s religiosity alone is health-protective to their husbands . Methods: Using dyadic data from the US National Social Life, Health, and Aging Project, a representative sample of 913 individuals ages 62–91 plus their marital partners, we perform latent-class analysis to separate older couples into classes based on religious characteristics. Ordered logistic regression models are then used to assess whether different combinations of religious (dis)similarity are associated with married men and women’s well-being. Results: We find that older women in highly religious, homogamous marriages report better mental and physical health relative to women in heterogamous and secular (non-religious) marriages. No significant associations were observed for men. Discussion: Our results emphasize that religiosity is not only an individual trait—dis/similarities within a couple have important implications for older women’s well-being.

scholarly journals US Immigration Policy and the Case for Family Unity

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 417-430 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zoya Gubernskaya ◽  
Joanna Dreby
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Immigration Policy ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The United States ◽  
Family Separation ◽  
The Us ◽  
Family Based ◽  
Mixed Status Families ◽  
Mixed Status ◽  
Family Unity

As the Trump administration contemplates immigration reform, it is important to better understand what works and what does not in the current system. This paper reviews and critically evaluates the principle of family unity, a hallmark of US immigration policy over the past 50 years and the most important mechanism for immigration to the United States. Since 1965, the United States has been admitting a relatively high proportion of family-based migrants and allowing for the immigration of a broader range of family members. However, restrictive annual quotas have resulted in a long line of prospective immigrants waiting outside of the United States or within the United States, but without status. Further policy changes have led to an increasing number of undocumented migrants and mixed-status families in the United States. Several policies and practices contribute to prolonged periods of family separation by restricting travel and effectively locking in a large number of people either inside or outside of the United States. On top of that, increasingly aggressive enforcement practices undermine family unity of a large number of undocumented and mixed-status families. Deportations — and even a fear of deportation —cause severe psychological distress and often leave US-born children of undocumented parents without economic and social support. A recent comprehensive report concluded that immigration has overall positive impact on the US economy, suggesting that a predominantly family-based migration system carries net economic benefits. Immigrants rely on family networks for employment, housing, transportation, informal financial services, schooling, childcare, and old age care. In the US context where there is nearly no federal support for immigrants' integration and limited welfare policies, family unity is critical for promoting immigrant integration, social and economic well-being, and intergenerational mobility. Given the benefits of family unity in the US immigrant context and the significant negative consequences of family separation, the United States would do well to make a number of changes to current policy and practice that reaffirm its commitment to family unity. Reducing wait times for family reunification with spouses and children of lawful permanent residents, allowing prospective family-based migrants to visit their relatives in the United States while their applications are being processed, and providing relief from deportation and a path to legalization to parents and spouses of US citizens should be prioritized. The cost to implement these measures would likely be minor compared to current and projected spending on immigration enforcement and it would be more than offset by the improved health and well-being of American families.

scholarly journals 0188 Mood Disorders Moderate the Relationship Between Sleep Quality and Leadership Development for U.S. Army Officer Candidates During ROTC Advanced Camp

SLEEP ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 43 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. A74-A74
Author(s):  
J Choynowski ◽  
M Pirner ◽  
C Mickelson ◽  
J Mantua ◽  
W J Sowden ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Sleep Quality ◽  
Mood Disorders ◽  
Process Model ◽  
The United States ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Poor Sleep ◽  
Medicine Research ◽  
The Us ◽  
Rotc Cadets

Abstract Introduction U.S. Army Reserve Officer Training Corps (ROTC) Cadets are college students training to be Army Officers. During a month-long capstone course (Advanced Camp), Cadets are rated on their leadership ability. Little work has been done to determine predictors of leadership ability at Advanced Camp. This study examined the effect of poor sleep and mood disorders -- two prevalent factors among college students -- on leadership ability. Methods Metrics on leadership, sleep quality, anxiety, and depression, were assessed in 159 ROTC Cadets (22.06±2.49 years; 23.90%female) at Days 1 (Baseline), 14 (Mid), and 29 (Post) of Advanced Camp. Leadership ratings were determined by ROTC Instructors over the course of Advanced Camp (1–5 score; higher score indicates poorer leadership). Predictors were the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7, and Patient Health Questionnaire-9. The relationships between the predictors and leadership scores were tested using linear regression. The interaction between mood disorders and sleep quality on leadership was tested using SPSS Process (Model 1). Results Poorer sleep quality at the Post time point (reflecting the prior 2 weeks of sleep) predicted poorer leadership (B=.05,p=.03), while sleep quality from Baseline (B=.03,p=.14) and Mid (B=.01,p=.67) did not. Higher anxiety and depression scores from all time points predicted poorer leadership (p-values&lt;.03). There was an interaction: higher anxiety and high depression predicted poorer leadership only in the context of poor sleep quality (not good or average sleep quality) [anxiety: R2=.04,F(1,159)=6.04,p=.02; interaction: R2=.03,F(1,155)=5.30,p=.02]. Conclusion The current study identified a relationship between sleep quality and leadership ratings in ROTC cadets. This relationship was moderated by anxiety and depression. ROTC instructors should encourage ROTC Cadets to take advantage of sleep opportunities at Advanced Camp in order to maximize leadership potential. Support Support for this study came from the Military Operational Medicine Research Program (MOMRP) of the United States Army Medical Research and Development Command (USAMRDC). Disclaimer: The opinions and assertions contained herein are the private views of the authors and are not to be construed as official or as reflecting the views of the US Army or of the US

scholarly journals Sleep quality, occupational factors, and psychomotor vigilance performance in the U.S. Navy sailors

SLEEP ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 43 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Panagiotis Matsangas ◽  
Nita Lewis Shattuck
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Quality ◽  
Sleep Duration ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Vigilance Task ◽  
Poor Sleep ◽  
Vigilance Performance ◽  
Occupational Factors ◽  
Enlisted Personnel ◽  
Psychomotor Vigilance ◽  
The U.S

Abstract Study Objectives This field study (a) assessed sleep quality of sailors on the U.S. Navy (USN) ships while underway, (b) investigated whether the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) scores were affected by occupational factors and sleep attributes, and (c) assessed whether the PSQI could predict impaired psychomotor vigilance performance. Methods Longitudinal field assessment of fit-for-duty USN sailors performing their underway duties (N = 944, 79.0% males, median age 26 years). Participants completed questionnaires, wore actigraphs, completed logs, and performed the wrist-worn 3-min Psychomotor Vigilance Task (PVT). Results Sailors slept on average 6.60 ± 1.01 h/day with 86.9% splitting their sleep into more than one episode/day. The median PSQI Global score was 8 (interquartile range [IQR] = 5); 80.4% of the population were classified as “poor sleepers” with PSQI scores &gt;5. PSQI scores were affected by sailor occupational group, rank, daily sleep duration, and number of sleep episodes/day. Sleep quality showed a U-shape association with daily sleep duration due to the confounding effect of split sleep. Sailors with PSQI scores &gt;9 had 21.1% slower reaction times (p &lt; 0.001) and 32.8%–61.5% more lapses combined with false starts (all p &lt; 0.001) than sailors with PSQI scores ≤9. Compared to males and officers, females and enlisted personnel had 86% and 23% higher risk, respectively, of having PSQI scores &gt;9. Sailors in the PSQI &gt; 9 group had more pronounced split sleep. Conclusions Working on Navy ships is associated with elevated PSQI scores, a high incidence of poor sleep, and degraded psychomotor vigilance performance. The widely used PSQI score&gt;5 criterion should be further validated in active-duty service member populations.

scholarly journals Declining mental health among disadvantaged Americans

2018 ◽  
Vol 115 (28) ◽  
pp. 7290-7295 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noreen Goldman ◽  
Dana A. Glei ◽  
Maxine Weinstein
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Psychological Health ◽  
Positive Emotions ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The United States ◽  
Opioid Epidemic ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Modest Improvement ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Impact

Although there is little dispute about the impact of the US opioid epidemic on recent mortality, there is less consensus about whether trends reflect increasing despair among American adults. The issue is complicated by the absence of established scales or definitions of despair as well as a paucity of studies examining changes in psychological health, especially well-being, since the 1990s. We contribute evidence using two cross-sectional waves of the Midlife in the United States (MIDUS) study to assess changes in measures of psychological distress and well-being. These measures capture negative emotions such as sadness, hopelessness, and worthlessness, and positive emotions such as happiness, fulfillment, and life satisfaction. Most of the measures reveal increasing distress and decreasing well-being across the age span for those of low relative socioeconomic position, in contrast to little decline or modest improvement for persons of high relative position.

scholarly journals Two Happiness Puzzles

2013 ◽  
Vol 103 (3) ◽  
pp. 591-597 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angus Deaton ◽  
Arthur A Stone
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Relative Income ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The United States ◽  
Us States ◽  
Income Effects ◽  
Life Evaluation ◽  
The Us ◽  
The World

We consider two happiness puzzles. First, many studies show that only relative income matters for well-being. Yet the Gallup data for the United States and from the rest of the world show no such result, at least for life evaluation. There may be relative income effects in hedonic well-being though other interpretations are available. Second, more religious people typically report higher experiential well-being but more religious places have worse well-being on average, both across US states and across countries. More religious states and counties in the US also have worse murder rates, deaths from cardiovascular disease and from cancer.

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