scholarly journals Are age and sex effects on sleep slow waves only a matter of electroencephalogram amplitude?

SLEEP ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thaïna Rosinvil ◽  
Justin Bouvier ◽  
Jonathan Dubé ◽  
Alexandre Lafrenière ◽  
Maude Bouchard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Sex Differences ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Related Difference ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Data Driven Approach ◽  
Ratio Approach ◽  
Low Amplitude ◽  
Electroencephalogram Eeg ◽  
Age And Sex

Abstract Aging is associated with reduced slow wave (SW) density (number SW/min in nonrapid-eye movement sleep) and amplitude. It has been proposed that an age-related decrease in SW density may be due to a reduction in electroencephalogram (EEG) amplitude instead of a decline in the capacity to generate SW. Here, we propose a data-driven approach to adapt SW amplitude criteria to age and sex. We predicted that the adapted criteria would reduce age and sex differences in SW density and SW characteristics but would not abolish them. A total of 284 healthy younger and older adults participated in one night of sleep EEG recording. We defined age- and sex-adapted SW criteria in a first cohort of younger (n = 97) and older (n = 110) individuals using a signal-to-noise ratio approach. We then used these age- and sex-specific criteria in an independent second cohort (n = 77, 38 younger and 39 older adults) to evaluate age and sex differences on SW density and SW characteristics. After adapting SW amplitude criteria, we showed maintenance of an age-related difference for SW density whereas the sex-related difference vanished. Indeed, older adults produced less SW compared with younger adults. Specifically, the adapted SW amplitude criteria increased the probability of occurrence of low amplitude SW (<80 µV) for older men especially. Our results thereby confirm an age-related decline in SW generation rather than an artifact in the detection amplitude criteria. As for the SW characteristics, the age- and sex-adapted criteria display reproducible effects across the two independent cohorts suggesting a more reliable inventory of the SW.

The effect of age and sex on clustering and switching during speeded verbal fluency tasks

2009 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 196-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
SHAWNDA LANTING ◽  
NICOLE HAUGRUD ◽  
MARGARET CROSSLEY
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Sex Differences ◽  
Verbal Fluency ◽  
Verbal Ability ◽  
Past Research ◽  
Strategy Use ◽  
Semantic Fluency ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Fluency Task ◽  
Age And Sex

AbstractPast research has been inconsistent with regard to the effects of normal aging and sex on strategy use during verbal fluency performance. In the present study, both Troyer et al.’s (1997) and Abwender et al.’s (2001) scoring methods were used to measure switching and clustering strategies in 60 young and 72 older adults, equated on verbal ability. Young adults produced more words overall and switched more often during both phonemic and semantic fluency tasks, but performed similarly to older adults on measures of clustering. Although there were no sex differences in total words produced on either fluency task, males produced larger clusters on both tasks, and females switched more frequently than males on the semantic but not on the phonemic fluency task. Although clustering strategies appear to be relatively age-insensitive, age-related changes in switching strategies resulted in fewer overall words produced by older adults. This study provides evidence of age and sex differences in strategy use during verbal fluency tests, and illustrates the utility of combining Troyer’s and Abwender’s scoring procedures with in-depth categorization of clustering to understand interactions between age and sex during semantic fluency tasks. (JINS, 2009, 15, 196–204.)

Emotional Control in Adulthood

1997 ◽  
Vol 80 (2) ◽  
pp. 499-507 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jasmin Tahmaseb McConatha ◽  
Frances Marshall Leone ◽  
Jill M. Armstrong
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Sex Differences ◽  
Emotional Control ◽  
Emotional Intensity ◽  
Socioemotional Selectivity Theory ◽  
Emotional Experiences ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Socioemotional Selectivity ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
Age And Sex

Although it is widely believed that emotions vary with age, there is a dearth of information on emotional experiences in later adulthood. Several researchers think that older adults experience less emotional intensity than younger people while others have suggested that aging is accompanied by a decrease in positive affect and an increase in negative emotions. Sex similarities and differences in emotionality have also been documented. This study focuses on age and sex similarities and differences in emotional control. Three hundred and twenty seven men and women aged 19 to 92 years were administered two emotion measures. The results support previous research which suggests that the control of emotions increases with age. In evaluating sex differences in emotional control, women scored as more emotionally expressive than men, a finding which is consistent with previous research. Results are discussed in relation to socioemotional selectivity theory.

Prevalence of age-related hearing loss, including sex differences, in older adults in a large cohort study

2016 ◽  
Vol 127 (3) ◽  
pp. 725-730 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nienke C. Homans ◽  
R. Mick Metselaar ◽  
J. Gertjan Dingemanse ◽  
Marc P. van der Schroeff ◽  
Michael P. Brocaar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Sex Differences ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Large Cohort ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Large Cohort Study ◽  
Age Related Hearing Loss

Age and sex differences of risk factors of activity limitations in Japanese older adults

2015 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 670-678 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takafumi Monma ◽  
Fumi Takeda ◽  
Haruko Noguchi ◽  
Nanako Tamiya
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Sex Differences ◽  
Activity Limitations ◽  
Japanese Older Adults ◽  
Age And Sex

scholarly journals Moral Judgment in Old Age

2018 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Margoni ◽  
Janet Geipel ◽  
Constantinos Hadjichristidis ◽  
Luca Surian
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Theory Of Mind ◽  
Moral Judgment ◽  
Old Age ◽  
Motivational Factors ◽  
Related Difference ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Judicial Systems

Abstract. Younger (21–39 years) and older (63–90 years) adults were presented with scenarios illustrating either harmful or helpful actions. Each scenario provided information about the agent’s intention, either neutral or valenced (harmful/helpful), and the outcome of his or her action, either neutral or valenced. Participants were asked to rate how morally good or bad the agent’s action was. In judging harmful actions, older participants relied less on intentions and more on outcomes compared to younger participants. This age-related difference was associated with a decline in older adults’ theory of mind abilities. However, we did not find evidence of any significant age-related difference in the evaluations of helpful actions. We argue that the selective association of aging with changes in the evaluation of harmful but not helpful actions may be due also to motivational factors and highlight some implications of the present findings for judicial systems.

scholarly journals Age and Sex Distributions of Age-Related Biomarker Values in Healthy Older Adults from the Long Life Family Study

2016 ◽  
Vol 64 (11) ◽  
pp. e189-e194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paola Sebastiani ◽  
Bharat Thyagarajan ◽  
Fangui Sun ◽  
Lawrence S. Honig ◽  
Nicole Schupf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Family Study ◽  
Healthy Older Adults ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Long Life ◽  
Age And Sex

scholarly journals Cortical thickness of the tibial diaphysis reveals age- and sex-related characteristics between non-obese healthy young and elderly subjects depending on the tibial regions

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Keisuke Maeda ◽  
Tomoharu Mochizuki ◽  
Koichi Kobayashi ◽  
Osamu Tanifuji ◽  
Keiichiro Someya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cortical Thickness ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Reference Points ◽  
Elderly Subjects ◽  
Tibial Diaphysis ◽  
Related Difference ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Young Subjects ◽  
Young And Elderly Subjects ◽  
Age And Sex

Abstract Purpose This study aimed to evaluate the age- and sex-related characteristics in cortical thickness of the tibial diaphysis between non-obese healthy young and elderly subjects as reference data. Methods The study investigated 31 young subjects (12 men and 19 women; mean age, 25 ± 8 years) and 54 elderly subjects (29 men and 25 women; mean age, 70 ± 6 years). Three-dimensional estimated cortical thickness of the tibial diaphysis was automatically calculated for 5000–9000 measurement points using the high-resolution cortical thickness measurement from clinical computed tomography data. In 12 assessment regions created by combining three heights (proximal, central, and distal diaphysis) and four areas of the axial plane at 90° (medial, anterior, lateral, and posterior areas) in the tibial coordinate system, the standardized thickness was assessed using the tibial length. Results As structural characteristics, there were no differences in the medial and lateral thicknesses, while the anterior thickness was greater than the posterior thickness in all groups. The sex-related difference was not shown. As an age-related difference, elderly subjects showed greater or lesser cortical thickness than the young subjects, depending on the regions of the tibia. Conclusions Cortical thickness was different depending on sex, age, and regions in the tibia. The results of this study are of clinical relevance as reference points to clarify the causes of various pathological conditions for diseases. Level of evidence Level 3.

scholarly journals Age-dependent sexual dimorphism in the adult human gut microbiota

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiuying Zhang ◽  
Huanzi Zhong ◽  
Yufeng Li ◽  
Zhun Shi ◽  
Zhe Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Northern China ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Interaction Patterns ◽  
Human Gut ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Human Gut Microbiota ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Age And Sex

AbstractA decade of studies has established the importance of the gut microbiome in human health. In spite of sex differences in the physiology, lifespan, and prevalence of many age-associated diseases, sex and age disparities in the gut microbiota have been little studied. Here we show age-related sex differences in the adult gut microbial composition and functionality in two community-based cohorts from Northern China and the Netherlands. Consistently, women harbour a more diverse and stable microbial community across broad age ranges, whereas men exhibit a more variable gut microbiota strongly correlated with age. Reflecting the sex-biased age-gut microbiota interaction patterns, sex differences observed in younger adults are considerably reduced in the elderly population. Our findings highlight the age- and sex-biased differences in the adult gut microbiota across two ethnic population and emphasize the need for considering age and sex in studies of the human gut microbiota.

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