284 Cognitive Deficits due to Insufficient Sleep are Mitigated Following Strenuous Physical Exertion in Firefighters

SLEEP ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 44 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. A114-A114
Author(s):  
Michelle Stepan ◽  
Kristine Wilckens ◽  
Dave Hostler ◽  
Peter Franzen
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Deprivation ◽  
Task Switching ◽  
Cognitive Deficits ◽  
Treadmill Exercise ◽  
Physical Exertion ◽  
Switch Trial ◽  
Sleep Disruption ◽  
Insufficient Sleep ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Switching Task

Abstract Introduction Insufficient sleep impairs cognitive function which results in costly errors. Firefighter shifts regularly exceed 24-hrs with little to no sleep. Nevertheless, firefighters must maintain and flexibly shift attention in high-pressure scenarios. Firefighters also engage in strenuous physical exertion during fire suppression activities. However, it is unclear whether physical exertion acts as another stressor, exasperating cognitive deficits due to insufficient sleep, or whether physical exertion enhances arousal to reduce cognitive deficits. Moreover, the effects of physical exertion may depend on the type of cognitive process and extent of sleep loss. We examined the effect of physical exertion on vigilant attention and task-switching in firefighters who underwent sleep-deprivation or sleep-disruption. Methods Participants were 17 healthy young adult males who participated in a within-subjects crossover design with three experimental lab visits: sleep-deprivation, sleep-disruption (woken 3 times for 60-min each), and normal sleep. The next day, participants completed a 50-min treadmill exercise task in a heated room in firefighter protective clothing. Participants completed a vigilant attention task (Psychomotor Vigilance Task, PVT) and a task-switching task five to nine times each visit. The five timepoints of interest–before and after the sleep manipulation night, before and after the treadmill exercise task, and recovery (approximately 180-min following exercise)–were examined using linear mixed effects models. Results We analyzed lapses (reaction times [RT]>500ms) on the PVT and switch-trial RT and accuracy on the task-switching task for sleep-deprivation and sleep-disruption conditions relative to normal sleep. Sleep-disruption, p=.001, and sleep-deprivation, p<.001, increased lapses. Sleep-disruption increased switch-trial RT, p=.01, and sleep-deprivation reduced switch-trial accuracy, p=.01. Only switch-trial accuracy improved immediately after the treadmill exercise task and only for the sleep-deprivation condition, p=.01. During recovery, lapses lessened for the sleep-deprivation condition, p=.049, and switch-trial accuracy improved for both sleep-deprivation, p=.01, and sleep-disruption conditions, p=.049. Conclusion Physical exertion reduced task-switching and attentional deficits caused by insufficient sleep, with more benefits observed during recovery. We found no evidence for performance decrements due to physical exertion. Physical exertion may interact with the extent of sleep loss–primarily benefitting performance under conditions of total sleep-deprivation. Support (if any) DSF Charitable Foundation and University of Pittsburgh Clinical and Translational Science Institute UL1TR001857.

scholarly journals Viewing Cute Images Does Not Affect Performance of Computerized Reaction Time Tasks

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gal Ziv ◽  
Orly Fox
Keyword(s):  
Task Switching ◽  
Simon Task ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Pet Ownership ◽  
Motor Tasks ◽  
Online Study ◽  
Pet Owners ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Switching Task

Humans are emotionally affected by cute or infantile appearances, typical of baby animals and humans, which in turn often leads to careful and cautious behavior. The purpose of this pre-registered study was to examine whether looking at cute images of baby pets improves performance of computerized cognitive-motor tasks. Ninety-eight participants were recruited for this online study and were randomly assigned to two experimental groups. The participants in one group performed two cognitive-motor tasks (Simon task and alternate task-switching task) before and after viewing images of adult pets and the participants in the other group performed the tasks before and after viewing images of baby pets. The participants who viewed images of baby pets rated them as significantly cuter (Cohen’s d = 0.50) and more infantile (Cohen’s d = 1.56) compared with those who viewed images of adult pets. All participants improved their performance from the pre-test to the post-test, but no differences in correct responses and reaction times were seen between the groups. However, pet ownership appeared to serve as a moderating variable with pet owners performing the Simon task faster than non-pet owners. In addition, pet owners reacted faster in the alternate task-switching task after viewing cute and infantile images but not after viewing images of adult pets. This effect was not found among non-pet owners. In conclusion, this study did not find that viewing cute images improves cognitive-motor performance, yet this may be dependent on moderators like pet ownership.

ADRENOCORTICAL RESPONSE TO NON-EXHAUSTIVE MUSCULAR EXERCISE

1972 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. W. Raymond ◽  
J. Sode ◽  
J. R. Tucci
Keyword(s):  
Treadmill Exercise ◽  
Serum Cortisol ◽  
Treadmill Walking ◽  
Exhaustive Exercise ◽  
Muscular Exercise ◽  
Adrenocortical Response ◽  
Exercise Tachycardia ◽  
Before And After

ABSTRACT Treadmill walking produced a prompt reduction in serum cortisol in 10 of 12 healthy military men. In contrast, two subjects, with pre-exercise tachycardia and apprehension, showed an increase in serum cortisol with treadmill exercise. In each group, the changes produced by exercise were still evident 30 and 60 minutes after the 30-minute treadmill walk. Urine collected before and after exercise contained similar amounts of 11-hydroxy- and 17-hydroxycorticosteroid material. These results may be explained by an increase in cortisol utilization during exercise and/or by a change in its distribution. The data indicate that in the absence of psychic factors, non-exhaustive exercise is not associated with pituitary adrenocortical activation.

scholarly journals Acute Exercise Increases Adiponectin Levels in Abdominally Obese Men

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Travis J. Saunders ◽  
Andrew Palombella ◽  
K. Ashlee McGuire ◽  
Peter M. Janiszewski ◽  
Jean-Pierre Després ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Acute Exercise ◽  
Treadmill Exercise ◽  
Aerobic Exercise Training ◽  
Exercise Session ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Acute Bout ◽  
Plasma Adiponectin ◽  
Peak Intensity ◽  
Before And After

Objective. To examine the effect of acute and short-term (~1 week) aerobic exercise training on plasma adiponectin levels in inactive, abdominally obese men.Materials and Methods. Inactive and abdominally obese men (n=38, waist circumference ≥102 cm) recruited from Kingston, Canada were randomly allocated to perform three bouts of aerobic treadmill exercise at either low (50% VO2peak) or high (75% VO2peak) intensity during a 1-week period. Blood samples were taken before and after the first exercise session and 24–72 hours following the completion of the final exercise session.Results. Adiponectin levels were elevated immediately following an acute bout of exercise at both high and low intensities (High:5.79±0.42versus5.05±0.41 ug/mL; Low:5.24±0.44versus4.37±0.44 ug/mL,P<0.05) and remained elevated following 30 minutes of rest. In comparison to baseline, adiponectin levels were also elevated 24–72 hours following the final exercise session (High:5.47±0.48versus4.88±0.48 ug/mL; Low:5.18±0.49versus4.47±0.49 ug/mL,P<0.05).Conclusion. Both acute and short-term aerobic exercise result in a significant increase in plasma adiponectin levels in inactive, abdominally obese men independent of intensity.

Synthesis of 70K stress protein by human leukocytes: effect of exercise in the heat

1991 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 466-471 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. Ryan ◽  
C. V. Gisolfi ◽  
P. L. Moseley
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Treadmill Exercise ◽  
Stress Protein ◽  
Exercise Bout ◽  
Time Dependent ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Human Leukocytes ◽  
Before And After

To determine whether reinduction of 70,000-Da (70K) stress protein synthesis could be used as an assay for thermal history and/or cellular levels of 70K stress protein in hyperthermic humans, leukocytes were obtained before and after 2 h of exercise and then incubated at 37 or 41 degrees C. Five healthy males completed 2 h of treadmill exercise consisting of running at 4–6 km/h for 30–45 min followed by 75–90 min of walking up a 2–10% grade. This exercise bout was performed by two subjects in hot (46 degrees C, 15% relative humidity) and by five subjects in cooler (30 degrees C, 40% relative humidity) environmental conditions. Exercise resulting in rectal temperature (Tre) less than 40 degrees C did not alter the amount of 70K stress protein synthesized by leukocytes incubated at 41 degrees C. In contrast, exercise resulting in Tre greater than 40 degrees C reduced the amount of 70K stress protein synthesized by leukocytes incubated at 41 degrees C. A protein immunoblot, probed with an antibody specific for the inducible 72K stress protein, showed that the reduction of 35S-labeled 70K stress protein in these postexercise leukocyte samples occurred without marked elevations of this protein. In vitro incubation of human leukocytes at 40 degrees C for 15–120 min reduced, in a time-dependent manner, the amount of 70K stress protein synthesized during a subsequent 41 degrees C heat stress. This reduction of 70K stress protein synthesis in 41 degrees C-treated leukocytes was abolished when cycloheximide was present during the 40 degrees C preincubation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

scholarly journals An Examination of Circadian Impacts on Judgments

2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (5) ◽  
pp. 341-353
Author(s):  
David L. Dickinson ◽  
Andrew R. Smith ◽  
Robert McClelland
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Sleep Deprivation ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Optimal Time ◽  
Insufficient Sleep ◽  
Circadian Timing ◽  
Evidence Strength ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. Many people suffer from insufficient sleep and the adverse effects of sleep deprivation are well documented. Research has shown that people’s judgments can be affected by circadian timing. Across three studies, we examined the impact of time-of-day on people’s judgments about hypothetical legal scenarios, hypothesizing that participants responding at a suboptimal time of day (3–5 a.m.) would give higher guilt ratings and be less sensitive to case information (e.g., evidence strength) than participants responding at a more optimal time of day (2–4 p.m.). Although the time-of-day manipulation influenced participants’ self-reported alertness levels, time-of-day did not affect guilt judgments or sensitivity to case information. This research adds to the literature on how extraneous factors may and may not impact probability assessments.

scholarly journals 0058 Effects of Acute Total Sleep Deprivation on Human Plasma N-glycans

SLEEP ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 43 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. A23-A23
Author(s):  
B D Chatterton ◽  
J Mullington ◽  
H Yang ◽  
M Haack ◽  
R Cummings ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Deprivation ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Science Center ◽  
Ionization Time ◽  
Total Sleep Deprivation ◽  
Fitness For Duty ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Membrane Bound ◽  
Covalently Linked ◽  
Polypeptide Chains

Abstract Introduction There is a need for a novel biomarker that can be used to measure sleep sufficiency as it pertains to fitness for duty. As glycans (polysaccharides) are known to be involved in modifying protein effectiveness, we are exploring these as biomarkers that may be sensitive to differences between sleep deprivation and normal healthy adult sleep duration. We have measured one major class of glycans, called N-glycans, which are covalently linked to asparagine residues of polypeptide chains of membrane-bound and secreted proteins. We compared the plasma N-glycan profiles of participants before and after they participated in a total sleep deprivation protocol. Methods 10 healthy participants (6 male, 4 female) aged 30–44 went through 88 hours of total sleep deprivation. Hourly blood draws were taken via forearm catheter throughout the protocol. N-glycan analysis was performed using plasma samples collected at 17:35 prior to the first night of sleep deprivation and at 17:35 following 82.5 hours of continuous wakefulness. N-glycans were first cleaved from peptides and isolated from plasma, and profiles were then measured using Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization-Time of Flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry. Results 66 N-glycans were observed in our profiles. Of these, the relative abundance of 17 N-glycans were significantly different following sleep deprivation (paired t-test, 13 with p&lt;0.05, 4 with p&lt;0.01). In each case, the relative abundance was lower in the sleep deprivation time point. We found two structures, Hex6HexNAc5NeuAc3 and Hex7HexNAc6NeuAc2, which were also significant in one of our previous chronic sleep restriction protocols. Conclusion While we observed that many N-glycans decreased in relative abundance, it is unclear whether these changes represent a shift in glycan synthesis or result from decreased expression of the proteins they are bound to. Our next steps involve exploring the functions of the proteins associated with Hex6HexNAc5NeuAc3 and Hex7HexNAc6NeuAc2, and measuring their expression levels. Support NIH/HL75501; NIH/National Center for Research Resources UL1-RR02758 and M01-RR01032 to the Harvard Clinical and Translational Science Center.

Predominant site of flow limitation and mechanisms of postexertional asthma

1977 ◽  
Vol 42 (5) ◽  
pp. 746-752 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. R. McFadden ◽  
R. H. Ingram ◽  
R. L. Haynes ◽  
J. J. Wellman
Keyword(s):  
Airway Obstruction ◽  
Physical Exertion ◽  
Anticholinergic Agent ◽  
Disodium Cromoglycate ◽  
Flow Limitation ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Large Airways ◽  
Airway Response ◽  
Exercise Induced ◽  
Response To Exercise

To determine if a relationship existed between the site of airway obstruction and the mechanisms of exercise-induced asthma, we studied the predominant site of flow limitation, as determined by the mid-vital capacity ratios of maximal expiratory flow with air (Vmax air) and 80% helium-20% oxygen (Vmax He-O2), before and after physical exertion in 12 asthmatics. These observations were then related to the effects seen after vagal blockade and inhibition of mediator release. Five subjects increased Vmax He-O2/Vmax air ratios suggesting that the predominant site of flow limitation was in large airways. This group had their postexercise bronchospasm abolished by pretreatment with an anticholinergic agent. Seven subjects decreased their flow ratios indicating predominant small airway obstruction. Anticholinergic agents, although producing bronchodilation, did not alter their bronchospastic response to exercise. However, pretreatment with disodium cromoglycate did significantly diminish the response of this group. Thus the airway response to exercise in asthmatics is heterogeneous in terms of predominant site of flow limitation and this factor appears to relate to mechanisms.

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