Slow-frequency electroencephalography activity during wake and sleep in obesity hypoventilation syndrome

Abstract Study Objective Neurophysiological activity during wake and sleep states in obesity hypoventilation (OHS) and its relationship with neurocognitive function is not well understood. This study compared OHS with equally obese obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) patients, with similar apnea-hypopnea indices. Methods Resting wake and overnight sleep electroencephalography (EEG) recordings, neurocognitive tests, and sleepiness, depression and anxiety scores were assessed before and after 3 months of positive airway pressure (PAP) therapy in 15 OHS and 36 OSA patients. Results Pretreatment, greater slow frequency EEG activity during wake and sleep states (increased delta-alpha ratio during sleep, and theta power during awake) was observed in the OHS group compared to the OSA group. EEG slowing was correlated with poorer performance on the psychomotor vigilance task (slowest 10% of reciprocal reaction times, psychomotor vigilance test [PVT SRRT], primary outcome), and worse sleep-related hypoxemia measures in OHS. There was no between-group significant difference in PVT performance at pre or post-treatment. Similarly, despite both groups demonstrating improved sleepiness, anxiety and depression scores with PAP therapy, there were no differences in treatment response between the OSA and OHS groups. Conclusion Patients with OHS have greater slow frequency EEG activity during sleep and wake than equally obese patients with OSA. Greater EEG slowing was associated with worse vigilance and lower oxygenation during sleep. Clinical Trial This trial was registered with the Australian and New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ACTRN12615000122550).

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Increased nocturnal arterial pulsation frequencies of obstructive sleep apnoea patients is associated with an increased number of lapses in a psychomotor vigilance task

ERJ Open Research ◽

10.1183/23120541.00277-2020 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 6 (4) ◽

pp. 00277-2020

Author(s):

Samu Kainulainen ◽

Brett Duce ◽

Henri Korkalainen ◽

Akseli Leino ◽

Riku Huttunen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Obstructive Sleep Apnoea ◽

Reaction Times ◽

Vigilance Task ◽

Sleep Apnoea ◽

Pulsation Frequency ◽

Psychomotor Vigilance Task ◽

Female Sex ◽

Obstructive Sleep ◽

Arterial Pulsation ◽

Psychomotor Vigilance

ObjectivesBesides hypoxaemia severity, heart rate variability has been linked to cognitive decline in obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) patients. Thus, our aim was to examine whether the frequency domain features of a nocturnal photoplethysmogram (PPG) can be linked to poor performance in the psychomotor vigilance task (PVT).MethodsPPG signals from 567 suspected OSA patients, extracted from Type 1 diagnostic polysomnography, and corresponding results of PVT were retrospectively examined. The frequency content of complete PPGs was determined, and analyses were conducted separately for men (n=327) and women (n=240). Patients were grouped into PVT performance quartiles based on the number of lapses (reaction times ≥500 ms) and within-test variation in reaction times. The best-performing (Q1) and worst-performing (Q4) quartiles were compared due the lack of clinical thresholds in PVT.ResultsWe found that the increase in arterial pulsation frequency (APF) in both men and women was associated with a higher number of lapses. Higher APF was also associated with higher within-test variation in men, but not in women. Median APF (β=0.27, p=0.01), time spent under 90% saturation (β=0.05, p<0.01), female sex (β=1.29, p<0.01), older age (β=0.03, p<0.01) and subjective sleepiness (β=0.07, p<0.01) were significant predictors of belonging to Q4 based on lapses. Only female sex (β=0.75, p<0.01) and depression (β=0.91, p<0.02) were significant predictors of belonging to Q4 based on the within-test variation.ConclusionsIn conclusion, increased APF in PPG provides a possible polysomnography indicator for deteriorated vigilance especially in male OSA patients. This finding highlights the connection between cardiorespiratory regulation, vigilance and OSA. However, our results indicate substantial sex-dependent differences that warrant further prospective studies.

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Sleep inertia measurement with the psychomotor vigilance task in idiopathic hypersomnia

SLEEP ◽

10.1093/sleep/zsab220 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Elisa Evangelista ◽

Anna Laura Rassu ◽

Régis Lopez ◽

Niccolò Biagioli ◽

Sofiène Chenini ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sleep Disorders ◽

Objective Measure ◽

Vigilance Task ◽

Study Objective ◽

Psychomotor Vigilance Task ◽

Sleep Inertia ◽

Obstructive Sleep ◽

Idiopathic Hypersomnia ◽

Psychomotor Vigilance

Abstract Study Objectives Sleep inertia is a frequent and disabling symptom in idiopathic hypersomnia (IH), but poorly defined and without objective measures. The study objective was to determine whether the psychomotor vigilance task (PVT) can reliably measure sleep inertia in patients with IH or other sleep disorders (non-IH). Methods A total of 62 (51 women, mean age: 27.7 ± 9.2) patients with IH and 140 (71 women, age: 33.3 ± 12.1) with non-IH (narcolepsy = 29, non-specified hypersomnolence [NSH] = 47, obstructive sleep apnea = 39, insomnia = 25) were included. Sleep inertia and sleep drunkenness in the last month (M-sleep inertia) and on PVT day (D-sleep inertia) were assessed with three items of the Idiopathic Hypersomnia Severity Scale (IHSS), in drug-free conditions. The PVT was performed four times (07:00 pm, 07:00 am, 07:30 am, and 11:00 am) and three metrics were used: lapses, mean 1/reaction time (RT), and slowest 10% 1/RT. Results Sleep inertia was more frequent in patients with IH than non-IH (56.5% and 43.6% with severe sleep inertia in the past month, including 24% and 12% with sleep drunkenness). Lapse number increase and slowest 10% 1/RT decrease, particularly at 07:00 am and 07:30 am, were proportional with M-sleep inertia severity, but regardless of sleep drunkenness and sleep disorders. Similar results were obtained when PVT results were compared in patients with/without D-sleep inertia, with the largest increase of the lapse number at 07:00 am and 07:30 am associated with severe sleep inertia and sleep drunkenness. Conclusions PVT is a reliable and objective measure of sleep inertia that might be useful for its characterization, management, and follow-up in patients with IH.

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Does Aerobic Exercise Decrease Brain Activation?

Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology ◽

10.1123/jsep.19.3.291 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 19 (3) ◽

pp. 291-301 ◽

Cited By ~ 38

Author(s):

Karla A. Kubitz ◽

Konstantinos Pothakos

Keyword(s):

Reaction Times ◽

Brain Activation ◽

Vigilance Task ◽

Beta Activity ◽

Significant Group ◽

Eeg Activity ◽

Time Interaction ◽

Before And After ◽

Study Participants ◽

Group Effects

In the present study, participants were randomly assigned to an exercise or a nonexercise group to measure brain activation (spontaneous EEG activity), affect, and cognitive functioning before and after a 15-min treatment period. Exercisers (a) sat quietly for 5 min, (b) exercised for 15 min, (c) recovered for 5 min, and (d) completed a 15-min vigilance task. Nonexercisers did not exercise. There was a significant (a) Condition × Band × Time interaction for EEG activity, (b) Condition × Time interaction for Activation-Deactivation Adjective Checklist (AD ACL) scores, and (c) Condition × Time interaction for reaction times (RTs). Post hoc tests showed (a) no significant group effects at the baseline and 15-min vigilance periods, and (b) significant group effects at the postexercise and 5-min vigilance periods. Exercisers had lower levels of brain activation (i.e., more theta and alpha activity and less beta activity), higher AD ACL scores, and slower RTs than nonexercisers during these periods.

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Racial Differences in Functional and Sleep Outcomes with Positive Airway Pressure Treatment

Diagnostics ◽

10.3390/diagnostics11122176 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (12) ◽

pp. 2176

Author(s):

Ikuyo Imayama ◽

Bilgay Izci Balserak ◽

Ahana Gupta ◽

Tomas Munoz ◽

Manassawee Srimoragot ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Racial Differences ◽

Airway Pressure ◽

Positive Airway Pressure ◽

Sleep Onset ◽

Vigilance Task ◽

Linear Regression Models ◽

European Americans ◽

Obstructive Sleep ◽

Daytime Function ◽

Psychomotor Vigilance

It is unclear if the response to positive airway pressure (PAP) treatment is different between African American (AA) and European Americans (EA). We examined whether race modifies the effects of PAP on sleep and daytime function. We assessed Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), Functional Outcomes of Sleep Questionnaire, Psychomotor Vigilance Task and actigraphy in 185 participants with moderate-to-severe obstructive sleep apnea before and 3–4 months after PAP treatment. The participants were middle-aged (mean, 55.1 years), 83.8% men and 60.5% AA. Linear regression models were used to examine the effect of race on outcomes. The AA had smaller reductions in ESS (mean change (95% confidence interval, CI) AA, −2.30 [−3.35, −1.25] vs. EA, −4.16 [−5.48, −2.84] and frequency of awakenings (AA, −0.73 [−4.92, 3.47] vs. EA, −9.35 [−15.20, −3.51]). A race × PAP usage interaction term was added to the model to examine if the change in outcomes per 1 h increase in PAP usage differed by race. AA exhibited greater improvement in wake after sleep onset (β (95% CI) AA, −8.89[−16.40, −1.37] vs. EA, 2.49 [−4.15, 9.12]) and frequency of awakening (β (95% CI) AA, −2.59 [−4.44, −0.75] vs. EA, 1.71 [−1.08, 4.50]). The results indicate the importance of race in evaluating outcomes following PAP treatment.

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0144 Relationship Between Sleep EEG K-Complex Slow Wave Coupling and Next-Day Thalamic Activity During Psychomotor Vigilance Test in Obstructive Sleep Apnea

SLEEP ◽

10.1093/sleep/zsaa056.142 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 43 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. A57-A57

Author(s):

A A Parekh ◽

K Kam ◽

A Mullins ◽

A Fakhoury ◽

B Castillo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Obstructive Sleep Apnea ◽

Sleep Apnea ◽

Slow Wave ◽

Excessive Daytime Sleepiness ◽

Daytime Sleepiness ◽

Wave Coupling ◽

Psychomotor Vigilance Test ◽

Obstructive Sleep ◽

Vigilance Test ◽

Psychomotor Vigilance

Abstract Introduction There is large inter-individual variability in the relationship between obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) severity and lapses in vigilance as measured using psychomotor vigilance test (PVT). We have previously shown that overnight sleep EEG K-complex slow wave coupling (∆SWAK) exhibits a dose-responsive relationship with next-day lapses in vigilance in OSA on and off treatment. We hypothesized that a variable thalamic dysfunction in OSA explains difference in lapses in vigilance and alterations in ∆SWAK across individuals. Methods Five newly diagnosed severe OSA subjects (mean apnea-hypopnea index [AHI4%=57.1±22.8/hr.]) with excessive daytime sleepiness (Epworth Sleepiness Scale=11±3.4) underwent nocturnal polysomnography followed by PVT testing within a 3T SKYRA MRI scanner. The PVT task inside the scanner (PVT-fMRI) was adapted to match the gold standard PVT-192 device. Each fMRI scanning session consisted of 2 10-min PVT runs interleaved with 2 control conditions wherein the subject pressed the response button at random intervals absent of a visual stimulus. fMRI data was analyzed in 2-step procedure (individual time-series followed by group analysis) using Analysis of Functional Neuroimages (AFNI) software package. To estimate thalamic activity during PVT-fMRI, parameter estimates of the %change in blood-oxygen-level-dependent (BOLD) signal using the contrast PVT-Control were used as the primary metric. The region of interest was limited to the bilateral thalamus using the Eickhoff-Zilles macro labels from the MNI N27 template. Results In a preliminary test, PVT performance for the subjects inside the scanner was not significantly different from that outside the scanner (PVTLapsesfMRI=7.3±2.1 vs. PVTLapsesPVT192=6.4±3.6 mean±std; PVTLapses=reaction time > 500 ms.). Within subjects, a trend toward lower thalamic recruitment was observed during PVT-fMRI (-0.17±0.2%; p=0.1). Further, lower thalamic activity during PVT-fMRI also showed a trend to lower overnight ∆SWAK (mean -1.2±1.4) values (r = 0.61, p = 0.17). Conclusion In severe OSA subjects with excessive daytime sleepiness, we observed a trend to reduced thalamic activity during daytime PVT. Overnight EEG K-complex slow wave coupling showed a similar trend with next-day thalamic activity during PVT, however the small sample size may have limited our ability to detect this association with statistical significance. Support AASM Foundation 199-FP-18; NIH K24HL109156

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Sleep quality, occupational factors, and psychomotor vigilance performance in the U.S. Navy sailors

SLEEP ◽

10.1093/sleep/zsaa118 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 43 (12) ◽

Author(s):

Panagiotis Matsangas ◽

Nita Lewis Shattuck

Keyword(s):

Sleep Quality ◽

Sleep Duration ◽

Reaction Times ◽

Vigilance Task ◽

Poor Sleep ◽

Vigilance Performance ◽

Occupational Factors ◽

Enlisted Personnel ◽

Psychomotor Vigilance ◽

The U.S

Abstract Study Objectives This field study (a) assessed sleep quality of sailors on the U.S. Navy (USN) ships while underway, (b) investigated whether the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) scores were affected by occupational factors and sleep attributes, and (c) assessed whether the PSQI could predict impaired psychomotor vigilance performance. Methods Longitudinal field assessment of fit-for-duty USN sailors performing their underway duties (N = 944, 79.0% males, median age 26 years). Participants completed questionnaires, wore actigraphs, completed logs, and performed the wrist-worn 3-min Psychomotor Vigilance Task (PVT). Results Sailors slept on average 6.60 ± 1.01 h/day with 86.9% splitting their sleep into more than one episode/day. The median PSQI Global score was 8 (interquartile range [IQR] = 5); 80.4% of the population were classified as “poor sleepers” with PSQI scores >5. PSQI scores were affected by sailor occupational group, rank, daily sleep duration, and number of sleep episodes/day. Sleep quality showed a U-shape association with daily sleep duration due to the confounding effect of split sleep. Sailors with PSQI scores >9 had 21.1% slower reaction times (p < 0.001) and 32.8%–61.5% more lapses combined with false starts (all p < 0.001) than sailors with PSQI scores ≤9. Compared to males and officers, females and enlisted personnel had 86% and 23% higher risk, respectively, of having PSQI scores >9. Sailors in the PSQI > 9 group had more pronounced split sleep. Conclusions Working on Navy ships is associated with elevated PSQI scores, a high incidence of poor sleep, and degraded psychomotor vigilance performance. The widely used PSQI score>5 criterion should be further validated in active-duty service member populations.

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Auditory Countermeasures for Sleep Inertia: Exploring the Effect of Melody and Rhythm in an Ecological Context

Clocks & Sleep ◽

10.3390/clockssleep2020017 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 208-224

Author(s):

Stuart J. McFarlane ◽

Jair E. Garcia ◽

Darrin S. Verhagen ◽

Adrian G. Dyer

Keyword(s):

Response Speed ◽

Performance Score ◽

Nocturnal Sleep ◽

Sleep Inertia ◽

Psychomotor Vigilance Test ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Group A ◽

Attentional Lapses ◽

Group B ◽

Psychomotor Vigilance

Sleep inertia is a decline in cognition one may experience upon and following awakening. A recent study revealed that an alarm sound perceived as melodic by participants displayed a significant relationship to reports of reductions in perceived sleep inertia. This current research builds on these findings by testing the effect melody and rhythm exhibit on sleep inertia for subjects awakening in their habitual environments. Two test Groups (A and B; N = 10 each) completed an online psychomotor experiment and questionnaire in two separate test sessions immediately following awakening from nocturnal sleep. Both groups responded to a control stimulus in the first session, while in the second session, Group A experienced a melodic treatment, and Group B a rhythmic treatment. The results show that the melodic treatment significantly decreased attentional lapses, false starts, and had a significantly improved psychomotor vigilance test (PVT) performance score than the control. There was no significant result for reaction time or response speed. Additionally, no significant difference was observed for all PVT metrics between the control–rhythmic conditions. The results from this analysis support melodies’ potential to counteract symptoms of sleep inertia by the observed increase in participant vigilance following waking from nocturnal sleep.

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Effects of different sleep restriction protocols on sleep architecture and daytime vigilance in healthy men

Physiological Research ◽

10.33549/physiolres.931895 ◽

2010 ◽

pp. 821-829 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

H Wu ◽

WS Stone ◽

X Hsi ◽

J Zhuang ◽

L Huang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Rem Sleep ◽

Reaction Times ◽

Vigilance Task ◽

Sleep Time ◽

Sleep Architecture ◽

Lower Percentage ◽

Sleep Restriction ◽

Night Sleep ◽

Adult Men ◽

Psychomotor Vigilance

Sleep is regulated by complex biological systems and environmental influences, neither of which is fully clarified. This study demonstrates differential effects of partial sleep deprivation (SD) on sleep architecture and psychomotor vigilance task (PVT) performance using two different protocols (sequentially) that each restricted daily sleep to 3 hours in healthy adult men. The protocols differed only in the period of sleep restriction; in one, sleep was restricted to a 3-hour block from 12:00 AM to 3:00 AM, and in the other, sleep was restricted to a block from 3:00 AM to 6:00 AM. Subjects in the earlier sleep restriction period showed a significantly lower percentage of rapid-eye-movement (REM) sleep after 4 days (17.0 vs. 25.7 %) and a longer latency to the onset of REM sleep (L-REM) after 1 day (78.8 vs. 45.5 min) than they did in the later sleep restriction period. Reaction times on PVT performance were also better (i.e. shorter) in the earlier SR period on day 4 (249.8 vs. 272 ms). These data support the view that earlier-night sleep may be more beneficial for daytime vigilance than later-night sleep. The study also showed that cumulative declines in daytime vigilance resulted from loss of total sleep time, rather than from specific stages, and underscored the reversibility of SR effects with greater amounts of sleep.

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Agreement between the 3-minute Psychomotor Vigilance Task (PVT) Embedded in a Wrist-worn Device and the Laptop-based PVT

Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting ◽

10.1177/1541931218621151 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 62 (1) ◽

pp. 666-670 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Panagiotis Matsangas ◽

Nita Lewis Shattuck

Keyword(s):

Repeated Measures ◽

Interstimulus Interval ◽

Reaction Times ◽

Vigilance Task ◽

Psychomotor Vigilance Task ◽

Repeated Measures Design ◽

Ambient Lighting ◽

Device Type ◽

Psychomotor Vigilance

The study assesses the agreement between the 3-minute version of the Psychomotor Vigilance Task (PVT) with an interstimulus interval (ISI) of 2 to 10 seconds and the validated 3-minute laptop-based PVT (ISI=1-4 seconds). The experiment utilized a randomized, within-subject, repeated-measures design with three factors (PVT device type, the backlight feature of the wrist-worn device, ambient lighting). Results show the differences in reaction times (RT) between devices are incrementally associated with the magnitude of the RTs. These differences tend to be in opposing directions when the backlight feature in the wrist-worn device is on. That is, RTs in the wrist-worn device tend to be faster compared to the laptop for (on average) faster individuals, whereas (on average) slower individuals tend to do better in the laptop compared to the wrist-worn device. The proportional bias introduced by the wrist-worn device compared to the laptop makes it difficult to translate individual RTs between different devices. The proportional bias, however, may work in favor for detecting differences between slow and fast RTs.

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The relationship between alertness and spatial attention under simulated shiftwork

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-020-71800-6 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

Author(s):

D. Chandrakumar ◽

J. Dorrian ◽

S. Banks ◽

H. A. D. Keage ◽

S. Coussens ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Spatial Attention ◽

Health And Safety ◽

Reaction Times ◽

Vigilance Task ◽

Detection Task ◽

Future Research ◽

Tentative Evidence ◽

Stanford Sleepiness Scale ◽

Psychomotor Vigilance ◽

The Relationship

Abstract Higher and lower levels of alertness typically lead to a leftward and rightward bias in attention, respectively. This relationship between alertness and spatial attention potentially has major implications for health and safety. The current study examined alertness and spatial attention under simulated shiftworking conditions. Nineteen healthy right-handed participants (M = 24.6 ± 5.3 years, 11 males) completed a seven-day laboratory based simulated shiftwork study. Measures of alertness (Stanford Sleepiness Scale and Psychomotor Vigilance Task) and spatial attention (Landmark Task and Detection Task) were assessed across the protocol. Detection Task performance revealed slower reaction times and higher omissions of peripheral (compared to central) stimuli, with lowered alertness; suggesting narrowed visuospatial attention and a slight left-sided neglect. There were no associations between alertness and spatial bias on the Landmark Task. Our findings provide tentative evidence for a slight neglect of the left side and a narrowing of attention with lowered alertness. The possibility that one’s ability to sufficiently react to information in the periphery and the left-side may be compromised under conditions of lowered alertness highlights the need for future research to better understand the relationship between spatial attention and alertness under shiftworking conditions.

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